Deck 37: Hematologic and Lymphatic Systems

Question 1

The nurse can expect the superficial lymph nodes MOST easily be palpated:

A)when semilunar valves become blocked
B)at any time
C)when they are at rest
D)when they become infected and swollen

Answer 1

when they become infected and swollen

Question 2

What is the MOST common type of anemia?

A)acquired hemolytic
B)hypoplastic
C)iron deficiency
D)sickle cell

Answer 2

iron deficiency

Question 3

What is the function of the spleen?

A)acts against foreign particles such as viruses and bacteria
B)carries cellular components through the body to be released into circulation or to body tissues
C)ingests and destroys foreign particles,damaged cells,and cellular debris
D)removes old RBCs,platelets,and microorganisms from the blood

Answer 3

removes old RBCs,platelets,and microorganisms from the blood

Question 4

Which of these statements about platelets is TRUE?

A)They are responsible for the exchange of O2 and CO2.
B)They are active in the clotting mechanism of the body.
C)They are produced by the liver according to the demand of the body.
D)They are responsible for fighting infection and assisting with immunity.

Question 5

Functions of the lymph system include:

A)absorbing carcinogenic substances
B)assisting with immunity
C)controlling fluid balance
D)producing T cells

Question 6

Type O blood has which of the following characteristics?

A)anti-A antibodies and anti-B antibodies
B)A antigens and B antigens
C)neither antigens nor antibodies
D)both A and B antigens and anti-A and anti-B antibodies

Question 7

The client's blood typing reveals Rh antigens.The nurse is aware that the client has which blood type?

A)Rh negative
B)Rh positive
C)Rh receptive
D)Rh resistant

Question 8

Persons with which type of blood are considered universal donors?

A)A
B)B
C)AB
D)O

Question 9

When blood products are prescribed for a client,they must be administered within how many minutes after being obtained from the laboratory refrigerator?

A)10
B)30
C)45
D)60

Question 10

If no antigen is present on a client's RBCs,what blood type does the client have?

A)A
B)B
C)AB
D)O

Question 11

Which of these statements about white blood cells (WBCs)is TRUE?

A)They are responsible for the exchange of O2 and CO2.
B)They are active in the clotting mechanism of the body.
C)They are produced by the liver according to the demand of the body.
D)They are responsible for fighting infection and assisting with immunity.

Question 12

When reviewing a client's laboratory results,the nurse is aware that the normal life span of a platelet is:

A)a few hours to days
B)10 days
C)120 days
D)10 years

Question 13

The nurse explains to the client that red blood cells (RBCs)assist the respiratory and circulatory systems to:

A)destroy dead and injured cells and bacteria
B)disperse surfactants within lung tissue
C)fight infection and assist with immunity
D)provide oxygen to body tissues

Question 14

Once started,blood transfusions should be completed within what time period?

A)30 minutes
B)1 hour
C)2 hours
D)4 hours

Question 15

If a client's complete blood count reports an increased number of WBCs,the nurse knows this indicates the client is experiencing:

A)bone marrow failure
B)dietary deficiencies
C)drug toxicity
D)infection,inflammation,tissue necrosis,or leukemia

Question 16

Type A blood has which of these characteristics?

A)anti-A antibodies and A antigens
B)anti-A antibodies and B antigens
C)anti-B antibodies and A antigens
D)anti-B antibodies and B antigens

Question 17

Persons with which type of blood are considered universal recipients?

A)A
B)B
C)AB
D)O

Question 18

The nurse is aware that to produce and release monocytes and lymphocytes during an infection,this organ will enlarge:

A)bone marrow
B)liver
C)spleen
D)thymus

Question 19

Which of the following medications or solutions may be administered with a blood transfusion?

A)intravenous (IV)antibiotics
B)calcium or potassium
C)lactated Ringer's solution
D)0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline)

Question 20

When a nurse suspects a client is having a transfusion reaction,which action must the nurse take immediately?

A)Call the blood bank or laboratory and report findings.
B)Call the health care provider and report findings.
C)Continue to observe the client closely.
D)Stop the infusion.

Question 21

A client who has sickle-cell disease comes to the emergency room with fever,severe pain,and swollen and immobile joints.The nurse should recognize that the client's symptoms result from:

A)alcohol ingestion
B)inconsistent blood levels of prescribed daily medication
C)sickle-cell crisis
D)infection such as pneumonia

Question 22

When a client is taking an oral iron preparation,the nurse should instruct the client to avoid taking this medication with:

A)eggs
B)grapes or raisins
C)milk
D)orange juice

Question 23

Which of these statements about a client with one S gene (HbSA)who has sickle-cell trait is TRUE?

A)The client is asymptomatic and cannot pass the disease on to offspring.
B)The client is asymptomatic but is a carrier of the disease and may pass it on to offspring.
C)The client is symptomatic but cannot pass the disease on to offspring.
D)The client is symptomatic but is a carrier of the disease and may pass it on to offspring.

Question 24

In disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC),what occurs after microthrombi block the arterioles and capillaries?

A)Circulation is impeded,causing edema and damage to the peripheral nerves.
B)Oxygenation is impeded due to the breakdown of association between the arterioles and capillaries.
C)The body's clotting factors respond,causing breakdown of the circulatory system.
D)The body's fibrinolytic process responds,causing hemorrhaging.

Question 25

Which of these persons is at risk for having hemophilia?

A)the daughter of a mother who has hemophilia
B)the daughter of a father who has hemophilia
C)the daughter of a mother who carries the recessive X chromosome
D)the son of a mother who carries the trait on the recessive X chromosome

Question 26

The nurse is caring for a client with a condition that alternates clotting and hemorrhaging.The nurse is aware that this client may have:

A)anemia
B)disseminated intravascular coagulation
C)leukemia
D)polycythemia vera

Question 27

For a client who has aplastic anemia and has not responded to medical treatment,the client's BEST hope for recovery would be:

A)administration of antithymocyte globulin for 7 to 10 days
B)bone marrow transplant
C)transfusions of packed cells and platelets
D)treatment with antibiotics

Question 28

The nurse would anticipate medical treatment of DIC,which includes:

A)administration of antibiotics
B)administration of platelets and packed red cells
C)phlebotomy
D)chemotherapy

Question 29

The client who has chronic leukemia is MOST likely to die from which of these conditions?

A)aggressive chemotherapy
B)viral and fungal pneumonia
C)bone marrow transplantation
D)persistent blood loss

Question 30

What is the usual treatment for polycythemia?

A)administration of oral or parenteral iron
B)low-calorie,low-protein diet
C)phlebotomy
D)transfusion of RBCs

Question 31

Parenteral administration of iron should be administered by which route?

A)intradermal
B)intramuscular Z-track
C)intravenous
D)subcutaneous

Question 32

Which of these statements about acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)is TRUE?

A)It occurs primarily in adolescence and after age 55.
B)It is usually fatal,regardless of treatment.
C)It occurs primarily in children under age 15.
D)It can be cured with stem cell transplantation.

Question 33

The client who develops acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)often presents with which of these symptoms?

A)bradycardia and weight gain
B)bruising and recurrent infections
C)chest pain and pruritus
D)ankle edema and hypertension

Question 34

To achieve the treatment goal of increased tissue perfusion in a client who has sickle-cell disease,which of these nursing interventions is appropriate?

A)Teach the client to take apical and radial pulses.
B)Elevate head of bed and administer oxygen as needed.
C)Monitor for symptoms of electrolyte imbalance.
D)Restrict fluid intake.

Question 35

Which of these statements about clients who have pernicious anemia is TRUE?

A)They must avoid fish and whole grains.
B)They must be monitored closely for symptoms of gastric carcinoma.
C)They must increase vitamin C intake.
D)They must receive intramuscular injections of iron dextran.

Question 36

Which type of anemia is due to decreased or absent function of the bone marrow?

A)acquired hemolytic
B)hypoplastic
C)iron deficiency
D)sickle cell

Question 37

The nurse should recognize that a client may develop aplastic anemia when taking which of these medications?

A)ferrous sulfate
B)tetracycline
C)chloramphenicol
D)aspirin

Question 38

When aplastic anemia occurs without a known cause,it is thought to be due to:

A)genetic factors
B)chemical exposure
C)occult bleeding
D)transient infection

Question 39

Which action is MOST important when a nurse is caring for a client who has leukemia?

A)following proper hand hygiene
B)providing frequent oral care with a soft toothbrush
C)encouraging the client to talk about fears and concerns
D)administering prescribed vitamins and antiemetics

Question 40

A nurse is caring for a client who has hemophilia and experiences pain due to bleeding into the joints.Which of the following interventions would be appropriate for this client?

A)Apply ice and pressure to bleeding sites.
B)Apply warm compresses to bleeding sites.
C)Administer aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
D)Immobilize painful joints in an extended position.

Question 41

A client is diagnosed with a rare lymphoma that reveals Reed-Sternberg cells.The nurse notes a painless swelling in a lymph node and suspects this client's condition is:

A)acute myelocytic leukemia
B)chronic lymphocytic leukemia
C)Hodgkin's lymphoma
D)non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Question 42

Which of these statements about myeloma is TRUE?

A)It is diagnosed with a chest X-ray.
B)It most commonly affects children between the ages of 4 and 18 years.
C)Chest pain is usually the initial symptom.
D)Treatment is symptomatic.

Question 43

A client who has Hodgkin's lymphoma with mediastinal involvement would be treated with:

A)radiation therapy
B)chemotherapy
C)radiation therapy and chemotherapy
D)surgical removal of involved nodes

Question 44

The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma.Which of the following would the nurse expect to see documented in the client's record? (Select all that apply. )

A)drenching night sweats
B)spider angiomas
C)itching
D)painless,enlarged lymph nodes
E)elevated temperature

Question 45

A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease.Which of the following findings would the nurse MOST likely expect to see documented in the client's record?

A)weakness
B)fatigue
C)weight gain
D)enlarged lymph nodes

Question 46

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client that has been diagnosed with multiple myeloma.The nurse would expect to find which of the following with this diagnosis?

A)decreased number of plasma cells in the bone marrow
B)increased white blood cells
C)increased calcium level
D)decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)level

Question 47

When a client who has Hodgkin's lymphoma is having radiation therapy or chemotherapy,it is important for the nurse to:

A)encourage a fluid intake of at least 2,500 mL
B)encourage increased activity when possible
C)provide a low-calorie diet
D)provide a high-carbohydrate diet

Question 48

A nurse is assisting in developing a plan of care for the client with the presence of a blood disorder.Assessment data for this client would MOST likely include which of the following? (Select all that apply. )

A)monitoring for spider angiomas
B)encouraging fluids
C)monitoring the red blood cell count
D)monitoring for purpura
E)encouraging the use of an electric razor

Question 49

A nurse is assisting in developing a plan of care for the client with multiple myeloma.A priority nursing intervention for a client with multiple myeloma is which of the following?

A)coughing and deep breathing
B)encouraging fluids
C)monitoring the red blood cell count
D)providing frequent oral care