Deck 5: The Biology of Sex, Pregnancy, and Childbirth

Question 1

What does the term "tumescence" refer to? 

A) erection 
B) loss of erection prior to orgasm 
C) loss of erection after orgasm 
D) ejaculation

Answer 1

  A

Question 2

What culture is known for being the first to teach men how to achieve multiple orgasms by delaying or withholding ejaculation? 

A) Egyptian 
B) Chinese 
C) Arabic 
D) European

Answer 2

  B

Question 3

What does the term "transudation" refer to? 

A) thinning of the labia majora 
B) arousal 
C) erection 
D) lubrication of the vagina

Answer 3

  D

Question 4

What does tenting refer to? 

A) lubrication of the vagina 
B) expansion of the vaginal walls 
C) sensation just before orgasm 
D) pleasure sensation just after orgasm

Question 5

What is a primary role of the placenta? 

A) to block the birth canal 
B) to aid in respiratory and excretory functions of the fetus 
C) to stop the secretion of hormones that would be damaging to the fetus 
D) to facilitate childbirth

Question 6

Listed in order,what are the stages of Masters and Johnson's sexual response cycle? 

A) arousal, desire, resolution, and orgasm 
B) excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution 
C) desire, excitement, climax, and refraction 
D) arousal, surrender, relief, and attachment

Question 7

A woman is clearly sexually aroused and the clitoris has pulled behind the clitoral hood.What stage of the sexual response cycle is she most likely in? 

A) plateau 
B) orgasm 
C) climax 
D) surrender

Question 8

Which statement best describes the process that facilitates conception? 

A) Males are more attracted to females who are ovulating. 
B) A mucus plug appears in the cervix to trap sperm. 
C) Cervical mucus becomes thinner and stretchy. 
D) Female orgasm causes ovulation.

Question 9

About how long does an ovum live in the female reproductive tract? 

A) 6 hours 
B) 24 hours 
C) 72 hours 
D) 1 week

Question 10

Blood is leaving the genitals,the erection subsides,muscles relax,and breathing and heart rate return to normal.Which stage of the sexual response cycle does this describe? 

A) plateau 
B) refraction 
C) orgasm 
D) resolution

Question 11

What is most likely to cause morning sickness? 

A) eating something spicy or rich 
B) increased estrogen and progesterone 
C) growth of the uterus which pushes on the stomach 
D) amniotic fluid that is passing through the placenta to the mother

Question 12

When two ova are released and both are fertilized by sperm,what type of twins result? 

A) fraternal twins 
B) identical twins 
C) monozygotic twins 
D) conjoined twins

Question 13

What term refers to an increase in blood flow to the genitals during the first phase of the sexual response cycle? 

A) vasocongestion 
B) myotonia 
C) intromission 
D) transudation

Question 14

Why does it takes women longer to become aroused and why do they experience orgasmic contractions for longer than men? 

A) They produce more estrogen. 
B) The clitoris allows for stronger orgasms. 
C) They have a larger and more vascular pelvic region. 
D) They are not as sensitive to sexual stimulation.

Question 15

What change occurs in a woman's breasts during sexual arousal? 

A) lightening in the colour of the areola 
B) slight decrease in size of the breasts 
C) nipples may become erect 
D) liquid is expressed

Question 16

A woman is experiencing sex flush,vasocongestion,and transudation.What stage of the sexual response cycle is she most likely in? 

A) plateau 
B) excitement 
C) refraction 
D) arousal

Question 17

From the second through eighth weeks of pregnancy,what is the medical term for the developing human? 

A) blastocyst 
B) embryo 
C) fetus 
D) zygote

Question 18

During what phase of the sexual response cycle is a man most likely to experience drops of pre-ejaculatory fluid? 

A) arousal 
B) plateau 
C) refraction 
D) orgasm

Question 19

During what phase of the sexual response cycle is a man most likely to have a loss of erection due to distractions? 

A) plateau 
B) surrender 
C) excitement 
D) resolution

Question 20

What medical term refers to what is commonly called a miscarriage? 

A) fetal expulsion 
B) fetal death 
C) spontaneous abortion 
D) involuntary abortion

Question 21

What is an explanation for cross-cultural food aversions that commonly develop during pregnancy? 

A) They protect women from eating too much. 
B) They protect the fetus from food-borne illness and harmful bacteria. 
C) It happens more often in women who are carrying twins. 
D) It happens when there is an imbalance of amniotic fluid.

Question 22

How does the gamete intra-fallopian tube transfer (GIFT)procedure differ from in vitro fertilization (IVF)? 

A) The GIFT procedure does not use sperm from a partner and only uses sperm from a donor bank whereas either can be used with IVF. 
B) The GIFT procedure uses both donated ovum and sperm, which is fertilized and then placed in the uterus whereas IVF only uses donor or partner sperm. 
C) The GIFT procedure implants the ova and sperm into the woman's body prior to fertilization whereas with IVF they are transferred to the body after fertilization. 
D) The GIFT procedure is basically the same as IVF except it adds a procedure to test for genetic abnormalities prior to placement in the woman's body.

Question 23

A 40-year-old woman has been having regular unprotected sex and is not conceiving.How many months would need to pass before she would be diagnosed with infertility? 

A) 3 
B) 6 
C) 12 
D) 18

Question 24

Polly is pregnant.Which supplement will her doctor most likely recommend that she take? 

A) folic acid 
B) supplement B12 
C) supplement A 
D) supplement C

Question 25

What medical procedure can be used for sex selection of an embryo after it is conceived but before it is implanted in the uterus? 

A) microsorting 
B) genetic embryo testing 
C) amniocentesis 
D) ultrasound

Question 26

A 25-year-old woman has been having regular unprotected sex and not conceiving.How many months would need to pass before she would be diagnosed with infertility? 

A) 3 
B) 6 
C) 12 
D) 18

Question 27

A pregnant woman begins to feel fetal movement,has more energy,and has less morning sickness.What stage of pregnancy is she in? 

A) the first trimester 
B) about 8 weeks into the pregnancy 
C) the second trimester 
D) about 8 weeks left to go in the pregnancy

Question 28

How can exercise benefit pregnancy? 

A) It can result in a shorter labour. 
B) It results in a larger baby. 
C) It can eliminate weight gain. 
D) It can help milk production.

Question 29

How much does the average full-term baby weigh at birth? 

A) 4 pounds 
B) 6 pounds 
C) 7.5 pounds 
D) 9.5 pounds

Question 30

Miranda did not realize she could be pregnant until she was already 14 weeks along; however,when she took a home pregnancy test it was negative.What is one explanation for this? 

A) hCG levels peak in the second and third month of pregnancy and then drop off to levels that might not be detected by a home pregnancy test. 
B) By the 12th week of pregnancy, estrogen and progesterone have levelled off so differences in them are no longer detected by a home pregnancy test. 
C) Home pregnancy tests are only able to detect changes in a woman's body related to pregnancy for the first six weeks of pregnancy. 
D) She was using her early morning urine for the test which tends to be lower in concentration of pregnancy hormones.

Question 31

Which of the following has been linked to cigarette use during pregnancy? 

A) long labour 
B) obesity at birth 
C) prematurity 
D) abnormal facial development

Question 32

Jess is a doctor and began listening for a fetal heartbeat as soon as she found out she was pregnant. When is she most likely to first detect a heartbeat? 

A) 2 to 3 weeks 
B) 4 to 5 weeks 
C) 9 to 10 weeks 
D) 14 to 15 weeks

Question 33

What term refers to the idea that something is wrong with a woman if she doesn't give birth to and care for children? 

A) feminine mystique 
B) glass floor 
C) female paradox 
D) motherhood mandate

Question 34

The fetus is about 13 inches long and 1.75 pounds,resembles a human,and has developed reflexes such as sucking and swallowing.What stage of pregnancy is this? 

A) end of the first month 
B) end of the first trimester 
C) end of the second trimester 
D) about 1 month before birth

Question 35

What hormone do pregnancy tests detect to indicate pregnancy? 

A) estrogen 
B) progesterone 
C) colostrum 
D) human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 36

How is the due date for a pregnancy typically calculated? 

A) from the last day of the last period 
B) from the first day of the last period 
C) from the estimated date of ovulation 
D) from the estimated date of conception

Question 37

The major organ systems are formed,the circulatory and urinary systems are operating,and the fetus weighs about a half ounce.What stage of pregnancy is this? 

A) end of the first month 
B) end of the first trimester 
C) half way through the pregnancy 
D) end of the second trimester

Question 38

When a couple is experiencing fertility problems,what can the problems most often be traced back to? 

A) problems associated with just one of the partners 
B) a combined problem between both partners 
C) unknown causes 
D) psychological causes in the female partner

Question 39

What is colostrum? 

A) the waxy substance that coats and protects the fetus in utero 
B) a thick, yellowish fluid, high in protein and antibodies, secreted from the nipples at the end of pregnancy and after delivery 
C) a collection of thick mucus in the cervix that prevents bacteria from entering the uterus and is expelled a few weeks before delivery 
D) a buildup of neurotransmitters in the woman's body that help inhibit some of the physical pain during labor

Question 40

What is the name for the intermittent,relatively painless contractions of the uterus after the third month of pregnancy? 

A) Apgar contractions 
B) dilation contractions 
C) naegeles contractions 
D) Braxton-Hicks contractions

Question 41

If a baby is born 24 weeks premature,what are its chances for survival? 

A) almost zero 
B) about 20% 
C) greater than 50% 
D) almost 100% with current technology

Question 42

Approximately how many women experience postpartum depression? 

A) 1 in 4 
B) 1 in 8 
C) 1 in 15 
D) 1 in 20

Question 43

Transudation is another word for erection.

Question 44

Related to the birth process,what does engagement refer to? 

A) the expulsion of the mucus plug from the cervix 
B) when the top of the head appears in the vagina 
C) when a baby's feet or buttocks are first 
D) when the fetus moves into a "heads down" position in the uterus

Question 45

In both men and women,a series of contractions characterizes an orgasm.

Question 46

What percentage of babies worldwide are born at home? 

A) 10 
B) 30 
C) 50 
D) 80

Question 47

The length of the refractory period increases as men age.

Question 48

What happens during the final stage of labour? 

A) engagement 
B) placenta expulsion 
C) birth 
D) crowning

Question 49

Statistically speaking,when are women most likely to get pregnant? 

A) in the spring and early September 
B) in the summer and late December 
C) in the winter and early May 
D) in the fall and late July

Question 50

Fertilization normally takes place in the uterus.

Question 51

Which statement best describes labour induction? 

A) Labour induction is declining in Canada. 
B) Contractions cannot have begun naturally for labour induction to take place. 
C) Based on current research, labour induction is being advised to most women as a way to avoid labour and delivery complications. 
D) Contractions caused by induced labour tend to be less painful and prolonged than those induced through natural labour.

Question 52

What percentage of all diagnosed pregnancies end in miscarriage? 

A) 2-5 
B) 5-10 
C) 15-20 
D) 25-30

Question 53

What is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester? 

A) ectopic pregnancy 
B) excessive loss of blood due to miscarriage 
C) bacterial blood infections transferred through the placenta 
D) uncontrollable morning sickness

Question 54

Which statement best describes sexuality after childbirth? 

A) Most women take up to a year before resuming pre-pregnancy sexual desire and frequency. 
B) Sexual intercourse can be safely resumed immediately following delivery. 
C) Most physicians advise heterosexual patients who had an uncomplicated delivery to wait six weeks postpartum before resuming intercourse. 
D) Most women report increased vaginal lubrication up to six months postpartum.

Question 55

Which statement best describes cesarean-section delivery in Canada? 

A) C-sections help prevent premature births. 
B) The overall rate of C-section deliveries have steadily been declining. 
C) C-section is most often the delivery method of choice for fetuses in the breech position. 
D) C-section is not possible if the child is in the breech position.

Question 56

Which statement best describes sex during pregnancy? 

A) Oral sex should be avoided during pregnancy. 
B) Some cultures believe semen is essential throughout pregnancy for proper fetal development. 
C) While intercourse is safe during pregnancy, orgasm is not and should be avoided. 
D) During the first trimester, sexual interest is often at its peak because the couple does not have to worry about becoming pregnant anymore.

Question 57

What happens during stage one of labour? 

A) crowning 
B) placenta expulsion 
C) cervical effacement 
D) episiotomy

Question 58

Which of the following women is most likely to breastfeed? 

A) a 30-year-old married woman with a university degree 
B) a 28-year-old married woman without a university degree 
C) a 30-year-old single woman without a university degree 
D) a 22-year-old single woman without a university degree

Question 59

What is one of the reasons a mother who is Rh incompatible with her fetus is given the drug RhoGAM after delivery or after an amniocentesis,miscarriage,or abortion? 

A) If she is not given the drug, she will not be able to breastfeed her baby or future children. 
B) If she is not given the drug, it can be dangerous for future pregnancies and lead to fetal death. 
C) If she is not given the drug within the first 12 hours of delivery, she is at risk for developing a serious bacterial infection that could result in death. 
D) If she is not given the drug, she will likely become infertile.

Question 60

Men are not capable of faking orgasms.

Question 61

There are medical procedures available that can be used for sex selection.

Question 62

More babies are born before their due date rather than after their due date.

Question 63

Identify and describe the four stages of Masters and Johnson's female sexual response cycle and explain what happens for women at each stage.

Question 64

Most fertility issues can be traced back to problems associated with just one of the partners.

Question 65

Exercise is not advised during pregnancy.

Question 66

Drinking alcohol during the first trimester of pregnancy has not been found to be harmful,although drinking during the second or third trimester is associated with higher rates of birth defect.

Question 67

Women are most likely to feel the best during the second trimester of pregnancy.

Question 68

The majority of births worldwide take place in hospitals.

Question 69

In 2009,89% of Canadian mothers breast-fed their infants.

Question 70

Explain the process of conception,and describe how the human body is programmed to help pregnancy occur.Make sure to reference information from the text.

Question 71

Choose any two types of assisted reproduction.Explain each and describe when they would be most helpful to an infertile couple or for gay and lesbian couples.

Question 72

Identify and describe the four stages of Masters and Johnson's male sexual response cycle and explain what happens for men at each stage.

Question 73

A still birth is also called a spontaneous abortion.

Question 74

Identify four signs of pregnancy,and explain why they occur.

Question 75

When a zygote implants outside of the uterus it is called an ectopic pregnancy.

Question 76

Discuss the reasons women are delaying pregnancy more often these days.What are the risks of delayed pregnancy? Be sure to cite specific findings from the text.

Question 77

The use of fertility drugs increases the likelihood of multiple births.

Question 78

The rate of C-section deliveries have been steadily declining over the past 20 years.

Question 79

Invitro fertilization is the process of inserting an already fertilized zygote into the woman's uterus.

Question 80

Choose one of the three trimesters of pregnancy and discuss the major events for both the developing fetus and the mother.