Deck 16: Diet and Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

Atherosclerosis is defined as ____.

A)hardening of the arteries resulting in reduced blood flow
B)reduced blood supply to arteries and veins
C)the inner lining of arteries through which oxygen is delivered and waste is removed
D)a form of arteriosclerosis affecting the intima of the artery walls

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Blood flow that is blocked from tissues that are located some distance from the heart is called ____.

A)cerebrovascular accident
B)angina pectoris
C)thrombus disease
D)peripheral vascular disease

Answer 2

D

Question 3

When the lumen narrows and a blood clot forms, what could occur?

A)ischemia
B)atherosclerosis
C)cardiovascular disease
D)myocardial infarction

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Hypokalemia refers to a low level of _____ in the blood.

A)​sodium
B)​potassium
C)​chloride
D)​none of the above

Question 5

How is sodium a contributory factor in hypertension?

A)It causes fluids to move too quickly to the kidneys, which puts extra pressure on the blood vessels. 
B)It acts as a diuretic and causes a loss of body fluids. 
C)An increased intake of sodium causes fluid shifts in the body, which puts extra pressure on the blood vessels. 
D)An increase of sodium dilates blood vessels.

Question 6

What is the desirable blood cholesterol level recommended by the American Heart Association?

A)200 mg/dl
B)200-239 mg/dl
C)240 mg/dl
D)300 mg/dl

Question 7

How long does it take for a client to adjust to a heart healthy diet?

A)2-3 months
B)1-2 weeks
C)2-3 weeks
D)1-2 months

Question 8

What are some modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis?

A)diet and lifestyle
B)diabetes mellitus
C)heredity
D)age

Question 9

Which of the following represents a diet low in saturated fat?

A)whole milk and oatmeal
B)bacon, lettuce, and cheese hamburger
C)fish and chips (French fries)
D)turkey and tomato sandwich with pretzels

Question 10

What does the Food and Nutrition Board recommend for daily sodium intake?

A)7 mg per day
B)2,300 mg per day
C)500 mg per day
D)5 g/day

Question 11

Which product listed below contains sodium and is used to bleach certain fruits and vegetables and is also used as preservative in some dried fruit?

A)sodium benzoate
B)sodium propionate
C)sodium sulfite
D)disodium phosphate

Question 12

Discuss the formation of plaque.

Question 13

The primary treatment for hyperlipidemia is _____.

A)medical nutrition therapy
B)statin medications
C)exercise
D)weight loss

Question 14

Which of the following foods should be limited on a low-cholesterol diet?

A)whole milk
B)potatoes
C)chicken
D)enriched bread

Question 15

All of the following statements about atherosclerosis are true EXCEPT ________.

A)arteries become thickened
B)begins in adulthood
C)caused by an inflammatory process
D)plaques develop within the artery walls

Question 16

_____ tend to reduce serum cholesterol.

A)Unsaturated fats
B)Saturated fats
C)Triglycerides
D)Lipids

Question 17

What is the name of the condition in which blood flow, and thus oxygen and nutrients, to the tissues is reduced?

A)ischemia
B)angina pectoris
C)hyperlipidemia
D)hypertension

Question 18

All of the following are sodium-containing products EXCEPT ____.

A)MSG
B)baking powder
C)baking soda
D)flour

Question 19

What is the general term for vascular disease in which arteries "harden"?

A)atherosclerosis
B)arteriosclerosis
C)cardiovascular disease
D)myocardial infarction

Question 20

Which of the following foods contains a high amount of cholesterol?

A)egg yolks
B)peanuts
C)soft margarine
D)olive oil

Question 21

List and define the four blood pressure categories.

Question 22

Differentiate low-density lipoproteins (LDL) from high-density lipoproteins (HDL).

Question 23

Discuss the use of sodium and salt by the general population. Include consumption, recommended dietary amount (RDA), and food sources.

Question 24

Cholesterol is found only in animal tissue. _________________________

Question 25

Discuss the goal and recommendations for the dietary management of James. State nursing interventions to obtain that goal.

Question 26

Recent research indicates that fats are a primary factor in the development of hypertension. _________________________

Question 27

James's cholesterol level is 720. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are high and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are low. Discuss the implications of this.

Question 28

The newest guideline for potassium intake is 2,500 mg per day to lower blood pressure. _____________________

Question 29

Discuss the implications of smoking for James.

Question 30

The client who is taking diuretics should be screened for hypokalemia. _________________________

Question 31

After the initial attack, what diet will James be given?

Question 32

Rheumatic fever is a contributing factor for a myocardial infarction. _________________________

Question 33

Discuss the impact of fiber on cholesterol levels.

Question 34

What is the nutritional treatment for hyperlipidemia?

Question 35

Compare and contrast primary and secondary hypertension.

Question 36

In severe cases of edema, it is possible for a client to adhere to a diet that is totally salt-free. _________________________

Question 37

The sodium in tap water is consistent from one area to another. ___________________

Question 38

Discuss potential causes and risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Question 39

James is extremely thirsty. Discuss the rationale for this.

Question 40

The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) plan has been shown to reduce high blood pressure. A core component of this plan is to increase consumption of fruits and vegetables. How many servings of fruits and vegetables per day are encouraged on this plan? List four potassium-rich fruits and vegetables.

Question 41

Ed is not happy with the sodium restrictions in his diet. How can you teach Ed the importance of adhering to this diet and instruct him in ways to make foods tasteful, without added salt?

Question 42

Compile a list of foods or condiments that are high in sodium.

Question 43

How has Ed's current diet affected his condition?

Question 44

What predisposing factors have increased Ed's risk for hypertension?

Question 45

The dietitian calculated Ed's recommended body weight. What type of diet may be ordered for Ed?

Question 46

Search the Internet to find the guidelines compiled by the American Heart Association for cholesterol intake. List them.

Question 47

James is discharged on day five, in good condition with a plan to decrease cholesterol in his diet. He returns for a checkup in 3 months to find out his cholesterol level is 625. The physician plans to order a cholesterol-lowering drug: simvastatin (Zocor) or atorvastatin (Lipitor). Research these drugs for potential food-drug interactions. Identify the interactions.

Question 48

The physician has ordered a diuretic for Ed. What foods need to be added to his diet? Why?