Deck 17: Diet and Renal Disease

Question 1

_____ is the condition when urinary output is less than 500 mL/day.

A)Cystic fibrosis
B)Oliguria
C)Acute renal failure
D)Renal stones

Answer 1

B

Question 2

_____refers to the hardening of the renal arteries.

A)Nephritis
B)Glomerulonephritis
C)Nephrosclerosis
D)Nephrolithiasis

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The specific amount of protein allowed in a dialysis patient's diet is calculated according to ___________.

A)BUN and creatinine
B)length of dialysis treatment
C)height and weight
D)glomerular filtration rate and weight

Answer 3

D

Question 4

_____ is a condition in which stones develop in the kidneys.

A)Nephrolithiasis
B)Polycystic kidney disease
C)Nephritis
D)Nephrosclerosis

Question 5

_____ is a condition in which protein wastes that should have been excreted are instead circulating in the blood.

A)Acute renal failure
B)Oliguria
C)Uremia
D)Nephritis

Question 6

A client on hemodialysis requires how much protein per kilogram of body weight?

A)1.5 g of protein
B)2 g of protein
C)1.2 g of protein
D)1.8 g of protein

Question 7

Kidneys make the final conversion of what vitamin?

A)vitamin D
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin K
D)vitamin E

Question 8

Which of the following are among the functions of the kidneys?

A)secrete certain hormones, dilute electrolytes
B)excrete hormones, recycle electrolytes
C)maintain volume of body fluids, dilute electrolytes
D)secrete certain hormones, excrete wastes

Question 9

Vitamin D may be added and phosphorus limited in a renal client's diet in order to prevent _____ (softening of the bones due to excessive loss of calcium).

A)osteomalacia
B)osteoporosis
C)gynecomastia
D)periodontal disease

Question 10

Name two end products of protein metabolism.

A)urea and uric acid
B)vitamin D and vitamin K
C)lecithin and uremia
D)creatinine and aldosterone

Question 11

If there was substantial bone loss before a kidney transplant, additional calcium and _____ may be necessary following the transplant.

A)potassium
B)carbohydrate
C)phosphorus
D)fat

Question 12

_____ is/are usually restricted to 1,500 to 2,500 mg a day for dialysis clients.

A)Potassium
B)Calcium
C)Protein
D)Fats

Question 13

Approximately how many liters of urine are excreted per day?

A)10 L
B)5 L
C)1.5 L
D)15 L

Question 14

What vitamin supplement should not be given to renal clients because the blood level of this vitamin tends to be elevated in uremia?

A)B
B)A
C)C
D)D

Question 15

Milk is normally restricted to 1/2 cup per day for dialysis clients because it is high in what?

A)calcium
B)protein
C)fat
D)potassium

Question 16

A typical renal daily diet is sometimes referred to as "80-3-3," meaning what?

A)80% protein, 3% fats, 3% carbohydrates
B)80 g of carbohydrates, 3 g of fat, 3 g of protein
C)80 g of protein, 3 g of sugar, 3 g of fat
D)80 g of protein, 3 g of sodium, 3 g of potassium

Question 17

Energy needs for the client with renal disease should be fulfilled with _____.

A)carbohydrates and proteins
B)carbohydrates
C)proteins
D)carbohydrates and fats

Question 18

Large amounts of _____ are helpful in diluting urine for the treatment of renal stones.

A)fats
B)fluids
C)proteins
D)carbohydrates

Question 19

Renal stones are classified according to their _____.

A)location
B)composition
C)size
D)shape

Question 20

Hemodialysis is done for 3 to 5 hours how many times each week?

A)1
B)3
C)5
D)6

Question 21

Each kidney contains approximately 100,000 working parts called nephrons. ___________________

Question 22

State nursing diagnosis statements for Hazel and explain the validity of each.

Question 23

Discuss the etiology of renal diseases.

Question 24

Discuss the role of calcium in formation of calcium oxalate stones.

Question 25

Hemodialysis is the removal of waste products from the blood by injecting the flushing solution into the abdomen and using the client's peritoneum as the semipermeable membrane.

Question 26

When the kidneys are unable to adequately eliminate nitrogenous waste from the body, a urinary tract infection occurs. _________________________

Question 27

State nursing interventions for Hazel.

Question 28

Describe hemodialysis.

Question 29

Describe the protein intake in clients with renal disease.

Question 30

Describe the function and the action of the kidneys.

Question 31

The body normally excretes about 2,000 mL of urine per day. _________________________

Question 32

Describe the diet for clients who are on hemodialysis.

Question 33

Renal disease is a lifelong struggle and a challenge. Describe some of the feelings that may complicate management of the condition.

Question 34

Why has the physician ordered Epogen®?

Question 35

The use of salt substitutes is not recommended for clients with renal disease. Why?

Question 36

The kidney is solely responsible for maintenance of fluid balance, acid-base balance, and electrolyte balance. _________________________

Question 37

You are encouraging Hazel to eat more of her lunch. She says to you, "What difference does it make? I'm going to die anyway." What should be your initial response?

Question 38

Kidney failure is reversible with appropriate diet and hemodialysis. _________________________

Question 39

Polycystic kidney disease is a relatively rare, hereditary disease. _________________________

Question 40

Sodium and carbohydrates may be restricted after kidney transplant.

Question 41

Describe the diet during dialysis.

Question 42

What is the dietary regimen for prevention of kidney stones?

Question 43

Discuss the most common types of stones and the dietary therapies of each.

Question 44

Describe why stones are painful.

Question 45

What are the incidence and prognosis of a kidney stone?

Question 46

Hazel's dietary intake is inadequate. How can you get her to eat more?