Deck 18: Nutrition and Metabolism

Question 1

Lipids include all of the following except

A)triglycerides.
B)vegetable oil.
C)cholesterol.
D)tyrosine.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A negative nitrogen balance results from a net loss of

A)monosaccharides.
B)amino acids.
C)genes.
D)macronutrients.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

How many essential amino acids are needed by adults?

A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Candy and sugary desserts are associated with weight gain. Why would candy and sugary foods, containing carbohydrates, cause an increase in body fat?

A)Carbohydrates, once broken down into glucose, can be used in lipogenesis and be converted into fats for storage.
B)Glucose is stored as glycogen. When the amount of glycogen exceeds the storage capacity of the liver, it is transported to adipose tissue and adds to the fat stores.
C)Disaccharides like sucrose and lactose can be broken down into monosaccharides and stored in fat cells beneath the skin.
D)"Body fat" refers to the mass storage of excess nutrients in the adipose layer. Anything in excess can be stored there, including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Question 5

What is adiponectin?

A)A nutrient that causes weight gain
B)A hormone made in fat tissue and secreted into the circulation, where it affects the response to insulin
C)A hormone secreted by the stomach lining that enhances appetite
D)A hormone made in the hypothalamus that decreases appetite after a fatty meal

Question 6

A triglyceride consists of

A)three glycerols and a fatty acid.
B)glycerol and three fatty acids.
C)a cholesterol and three fatty acids.
D)two cholesterols and two fatty acids.

Question 7

Which of the following is high in monounsaturated fats?

A)Olive oil
B)Butter
C)Palm oil
D)Coconut oil

Question 8

Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are classified as

A)nanonutrients.
B)micronutrients.
C)macronutrients.
D)piconutrients.

Question 9

What compound provides fuel after cellular glucose supplies are depleted?

A)Triglycerides
B)Proteins
C)Amino acids
D)Glycogen

Question 10

Sarah eats only dairy, and no meat or eggs. She is a(n)

A)lacto-vegetarian.
B)ovo-vegetarian.
C)vegan.
D)pesco-vegetarian.

Question 11

Vanessa takes many vitamin supplements, claiming that they give her energy. She is mistaken because cells preferentially use ________ for energy.

A)minerals
B)amino acids
C)proteins
D)carbohydrates

Question 12

A person has a hormonal disorder in which their stomach constantly secretes ghrelin. Predict the effect of this disorder.

A)The person will never feel hungry.
B)The person will constantly feel hungry.
C)They will have an increased metabolic rate.
D)They will have an increased metabolic rate, but no abnormal effect on appetite.

Question 13

You are examining different dietary supplements, trying to choose one for your child. Each supplement contains only four amino acids. Which supplement would be most suitable for your child's essential amino acid needs?

A)Supplement W containing phenylalanine, lysine, cysteine, and valine
B)Supplement X containing alanine, arginine, tyrosine, and serine
C)Supplement Y containing tyrosine, lysine, glycine, and asparagine
D)Supplement Z containing arginine, histidine, lysine, and methionine

Question 14

Cells of the ________ system require a continuous supply of glucose.

A)muscular
B)respiratory
C)digestive
D)nervous

Question 15

Sugars that are part of RNA and DNA are

A)glucose and galactose.
B)sucrose and fructose.
C)ribose and deoxyribose.
D)glucose and glycogen.

Question 16

Which of the following provide(s)a source of complete proteins?

A)Eggs
B)Corn
C)Rice
D)Wheat

Question 17

After eating, the hormone ________ signals the hypothalamus to suppress appetite.

A)ghrelin
B)neuropeptide Y
C)leptin
D)pepsin

Question 18

Inhibition of which hormone may help in weight loss?

A)Leptin
B)Ghrelin
C)Cholecystokinin
D)Adiponectin

Question 19

A major step in extracting energy from proteins is

A)deamination.
B)glycogenolysis.
C)glycolysis.
D)beta oxidation.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?

A)Fructose
B)Glucose
C)Sucrose
D)Galactose

Question 21

A sample of food is put into a bomb calorimeter and its caloric content is measured. The final measurement reads 100 (large)Calories. How many (small)calories does the food contain?

A) 0.1 cal
B)418.4 cal
C)10,000 cal
D)100,000 cal

Question 22

Fat-soluble vitamins are

A)absorbed more readily in the presence of bile salts.
B)excreted rapidly by the kidneys.
C)easily destroyed by heat during cooking.
D)not stored in tissues.

Question 23

Intrinsic factor regulates the absorption of

A)biotin.
B)folacin.
C)vitamin B₆.
D)vitamin B₁₂.

Question 24

Deficiency of vitamin ________ causes osteomalacia.

A)A
B)C
C)D
D)E

Question 25

Which of the following vitamins can promote intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus?

A)A
B)K
C)Niacin
D)D

Question 26

BMI measures

A)weight in proportion to height.
B)the amount of body fat.
C)volume in proportion to area.
D)the basal metabolic rate.

Question 27

The B vitamins are

A)all produced by the body and non-essential.
B)involved in the oxidation of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
C)lipid-soluble.
D)amino acids.

Question 28

Stan takes vitamin supplements every day, buying whatever is on sale at the health food store. He develops nausea, headache, fatigue, easy bruising, and bleeding. Which vitamin is he likely taking in excess?

A)B₁₂
B)C
C)D
D)E

Question 29

Vomiting, diarrhea, and flushing are caused by

A)a lack of calcium.
B)excess niacin.
C)a deficiency of iron.
D)excess vitamin C.

Question 30

Sarah is trying to understand the principle of energy balance so she can develop a diet plan. She needs to understand that

A)if energy expenditure exceeds caloric intake, it creates a positive energy balance. This leads to weight loss.
B)if energy expenditure exceeds caloric intake, it creates a negative energy balance. This leads to weight loss.
C)if caloric intake exceeds energy expenditure, it creates a negative energy balance. This leads to weight loss.
D)if caloric intake exceeds energy expenditure, it creates a positive energy balance. This leads to weight loss.

Question 31

The fat-soluble vitamins include

A)vitamin C.
B)the B-complex vitamins.
C)vitamins A, D, and K.
D)A, E, C, and the B vitamins.

Question 32

Which of the following activities should lead to the loss of at least a pound of fat in one week?

A)Slow walking for an hour each day
B)Sitting at rest for two hours each day
C)Swimming or running for an hour each day
D)Swimming for half an hour each day

Question 33

Deficiency of vitamin ________ causes night blindness.

A)A
B)C
C)D
D)K

Question 34

Factors that affect basal metabolic rate (BMR)include

A)body size.
B)body temperature.
C)the level of endocrine activity.
D)all of the answer choices are correct.

Question 35

The vitamin that functions as part of coenzyme A is

A)pyridoxine.
B)pantothenic acid.
C)niacin.
D)riboflavin.

Question 36

The condition associated with lack of intrinsic factor and decreased absorption of cyanobalamin is

A)pernicious anemia.
B)pellagra.
C)megaloblastic anemia.
D)scurvy.

Question 37

Excess intake of which vitamin could possibly lead to irreversible renal damage?

A)Vitamin C
B)Vitamin B₁₂
C)Vitamin B₁
D)Vitamin D

Question 38

Treatment with antibiotic drugs is sometimes followed by a deficiency of vitamin

A)A)
B)C)
C)D)
D)K)

Question 39

A large calorie (kilocalorie)equals the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a kilogram of water by ________ degree(s)Celsius.

A)0)1
B)1
C)10
D)100

Question 40

A sample of food is put into a bomb calorimeter and its caloric content is measured. The final measurement reads 100 (large)Calories. How many joules of energy does this food contain?

A)4)184 joules
B)418.4 joules
C)4,184 joules
D)100,000 joules

Question 41

Evangeline is 5'4" and weighs 200 pounds, giving her a BMI score of 34. According to the BMI chart, she is

A)underweight.
B)a healthy weight.
C)overweight.
D)obese.

Question 42

A group of people have their BMI scores calculated: Jordan has a BMI of 26. Matt has a BMI of 21. Kelsey has a BMI score of 29. Heather has a BMI score of 31. Chad has a BMI of 23. Which of these people is considered obese by the BMI standards?

A)Jordan
B)Heather
C)Matt
D)Two or more of these people are considered obese

Question 43

Which trace element and function is correctly matched?

A)Iron: part of hemoglobin molecule
B)Iodine: constituent of several enzymes involved in digestion
C)Zinc: needed in blood clotting process
D)Manganese: essential component for synthesis of thyroid hormones

Question 44

As a child, Sherry was poor and did not eat very well. A certain vitamin deficiency hindered development of the light-sensitive pigments in her eyes, and now she has poor vision in low-light environments. Which of the following vitamins should she take to improve her vision? 

A)Vitamin A
B)Vitamin B12
C)Vitamin D
D)Vitamin K

Question 45

Which of the following vitamins is necessary for producing collagen?

A)Vitamin D
B)Vitamin C
C)Thiamine
D)Biotin

Question 46

Kwashiorkor may develop in children who have dietary deficiencies of

A)carbohydrates.
B)lipids.
C)proteins.
D)fiber.

Question 47

The ingredients listed on the label of a packaged food

A)are listed from most to least tasty.
B)are listed in increasing order by weight.
C)are listed in decreasing order by weight.
D)are listed alphabetically.

Question 48

Good general dietary advice for athletes is to eat

A)about equal amounts of the three macronutrients.
B)60% or more carbohydrates, mostly from grains and vegetables.
C)only two large meals a day, with no snacks.
D)much more protein than non-athletes.

Question 49

Vitamin A deficiency may take years to become noticeable because

A)it is difficult to eat too many carrots.
B)most vitamin A leaves the body in urine.
C)the liver stores it.
D)the brain stores it.

Question 50

Individuals at highest risk for developing anorexia nervosa are

A)infants.
B)adolescents.
C)adults.
D)children.

Question 51

Excess potassium

A)is deposited in the blood.
B)causes brittle bones.
C)disrupts body pH.
D)is excreted in urine.

Question 52

Which of the following minerals is important in synthesizing and using ATP?

A)Zinc
B)Chlorine
C)Magnesium
D)Potassium

Question 53

People suffering mineral deficiencies sometimes compulsively eat non-nutritive substances, such as laundry starch, dirt, hair, and clay. This condition is called

A)anorexia.
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)pica.
D)pernicious anemia.

Question 54

Which of the following regimens should lead to the loss of one pound of fat in one week?

A)Burning 1,000 calories a day swimming, or eating 1,000 fewer calories a day
B)Burning 500 calories a day running or eating 500 fewer calories a day
C)Burning 1,000 calories on each of three days with exercise and eating an extra 200 calories a day
D)Eating 250 calories less a day and not exercising

Question 55

A protein deficiency may be accompanied by edema because of

A)a decrease in plasma proteins and therefore a decrease in colloid osmotic pressure.
B)an increase in blood pressure.
C)vasodilation of capillaries throughout the body.
D)lack of sufficient water in the diet.

Question 56

Which of the following is a trace element?

A)Magnesium
B)Sulfur
C)Iron
D)Chlorine

Question 57

Which of the following describe basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

A)Increases continually throughout life
B)Increases from birth to age five, then declines, then peaks in adolescence, then drops during adulthood
C)Increases or decreases depending upon how much a person exercises
D)Remains the same throughout life.

Question 58

Which is not a medical condition that affects the ability to obtain adequate nutrition?

A)Tooth decay
B)Depression
C)Periodontal disease
D)Osteomalacia

Question 59

A group of people have their BMI scores calculated: Jordan has a BMI of 26. Matt has a BMI of 21. Kelsey has a BMI score of 29. Heather has a BMI score of 31. Chad has a BMI of 23. Which of these people is considered overweight by the BMI standards?

A)Jordan
B)Heather
C)Matt
D)Two or more of these people are considered overweight

Question 60

Excess calcium in the diet causes

A)deposition of calcium in soft tissue.
B)brittle teeth.
C)cracked fingernails.
D)stunted growth.

Question 61

Gram for gram, carbohydrate provides about twice as much energy as protein.

Question 62

Carbohydrates include cholesterol and phospholipids.

Question 63

The macronutrients are carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Question 64

Cholesterol is synthesized chiefly in the liver.

Question 65

Complete proteins can promote normal growth, whereas incomplete proteins cannot promote normal growth.

Question 66

Essential amino acids are those required by the body to build proteins, whereas nonessential amino acids are not required by the body to build proteins.

Question 67

Obesity is defined as a BMI over 30.

Question 68

A complete protein has adequate amounts of the essential amino acids.

Question 69

Ribose and deoxyribose are carbohydrates.

Question 70

The liver functions in fat metabolism to control the amounts of glucose, amino acids, and iron released into the blood.

Question 71

Monica doesn't eat anything that was once in an animal. She is an ovo-vegetarian.

Question 72

Amino acids can be used to synthesize proteins for cellular structures, to synthesize proteins that function in various body processes, and for energy.

Question 73

Intake of at least 10 grams of carbohydrate is needed daily to avoid protein breakdown.

Question 74

Linoleic acid is an essential amino acid.

Question 75

The average BMR for an adult indicates a need for one calorie of energy per hour for each gram of body weight.

Question 76

Cholesterol functions in the body as an energy source, and furnishes molecular components for the synthesis of various sex hormones.

Question 77

Neuropeptide Y is secreted in the stomach and suppresses appetite.

Question 78

Fat-soluble vitamins dissolve in water, are very sensitive to the effects of heat, and are easily destroyed by cooking or food processing.

Question 79

Glycogen stored in the liver and muscles of an adult provides enough reserve energy to meet energy demands for about 12 hours.

Question 80

Caloric intake exceeding caloric output is a positive energy balance.