Deck 19: Respiratory System

Question 1

The intensity (volume)of a vocal sound is a result of the

A)force of air passing over the vocal cords.
B)tension on the vocal cords.
C)size of the laryngeal cartilage.
D)shape of the laryngeal cartilage.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following bones does not house a sinus?

A)Maxillary
B)Frontal
C)Sphenoid
D)Zygomatic

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Respiration is

A)breathing.
B)making ATP.
C)the entire process of gas exchange between the atmosphere and cells.
D)circulating blood to tissues.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Laryngitis is a potentially dangerous condition because it may

A)obstruct the esophagus.
B)obstruct the airway.
C)press on the thyroid gland.
D)cause inner ear infection.

Question 5

Laryngitis occurs when the larynx becomes irritated and inflamed from an infection, acid reflux, or strenuous use of the vocal cords. Which of the following symptoms would you directly associate with having laryngitis, considering the structures affected?

A)Swollen tongue
B)Runny nose
C)Loss of voice or a quiet, raspy voice
D)Chest pain

Question 6

Which of these laryngeal cartilages is unpaired?

A)Cricoid
B)Arytenoid
C)Corniculate
D)Cuneiform

Question 7

The pharynx functions as a ________, whereas the larynx functions as a ________.

A)common passage for air and food; passageway for food only
B)passageway for air only; passageway for air and food
C)common passageway for air and food; passageway for air only
D)passageway for food only, passageway for air and food

Question 8

You are singing a song at karaoke and reach a part that requires a louder, more intense sound. To increase your voice's volume, you

A)change the force of the air passing over the vocal cords.
B)increase the tension on your vocal cords.
C)change the size of the laryngeal cartilages.
D)change the shape of the laryngeal cartilages.

Question 9

Which of the following lists all of the events that occur with respiration?

A)Inhaling and exhaling
B)Ventilation, external and internal respiration, and cellular respiration
C)Inflating and deflating alveoli
D)Delivering carbon dioxide to cells and removing oxygen from cells

Question 10

The right lung has ________ lobes; the left lung has ________ lobes.

A)superior, middle, and inferior; superior and inferior
B)superior and inferior; superior, middle and inferior
C)anterior, posterior, and lateral; superior and inferior
D)superior, middle, and inferior; anterior and posterior

Question 11

Which of the following is not a function of the mucus-lined nasal passages?

A)Warming inspired air
B)Moistening inspired air
C)Entrapping small particles
D)Cooling exhaled air

Question 12

Arielle is an 8-year-old with cystic fibrosis. For 30 minutes each morning and evening, a parent holds her body in various positions and massages and kneads the areas over her lungs to dislodge the abundant, sticky mucus, which Arielle spits into a jar. She also takes medication that thins the mucus. If she didn't take these measures, the mucus in her lungs would most likely increase her risk of

A)cancer.
B)emphysema.
C)infection.
D)asthma.

Question 13

A flashlight placed just below the eyebrow in a darkened room illuminates the

A)frontal sinus.
B)maxillary sinus.
C)sphenoid sinus.
D)ethmoid sinus.

Question 14

You are singing a song at karaoke and reach a part that requires a high pitch. To hit the high notes, you

A)change the force of the air passing over the vocal cords.
B)increase the tension on your vocal cords.
C)change the size of the laryngeal cartilages.
D)change the shape of the laryngeal cartilages.

Question 15

Which statement describes the trachea?

A)It is lined with simple squamous epithelium.
B)It is comprised of 20 C-shaped cartilage rings.
C)It is a passageway for food and for air.
D)It contains no air-filtering mechanisms.

Question 16

Which of the following describes the process of breathing?

A)Delivery of oxygen to cells
B)Forcible movement of oxygen molecules into the bloodstream
C)Delivery of carbon dioxide to cells
D)Movement of air into and out of lungs

Question 17

The vocal cords are in the

A)pharynx.
B)larynx.
C)trachea.
D)oral cavity.

Question 18

The procedure used to directly examine the trachea and bronchial tree is called

A)bronchoscopy.
B)tracheostomy.
C)tracheotomy.
D)laryngectomy.

Question 19

As the respiratory tube branches become smaller in diameter,

A)they have increased cartilage.
B)they have increased muscle fibers.
C)the epithelial lining changes to connective tissue.
D)the epithelial lining changes from pseudostratified ciliated columnar to cuboidal and simple squamous epithelium.

Question 20

The force that moves air into the lungs during inspiration comes from the

A)diaphragm.
B)external intercostal muscles.
C)abdominal wall muscles.
D)atmospheric pressure.

Question 21

You have just jumped into the ocean after your boat began to sink. Luckily, you found an air tank before you jumped. Unluckily, the air tank has been used. The gauge says there is now exactly 30,000mL of air left in the tank. In a panic, you take in the full inspiratory reserve volume each time you inhale. How many times can you inspire at this panicked volume before the tank runs out? 

A)27 times
B) 6 and a half times
C)60 times
D)10 times

Question 22

The first event in expiration is

A)inter-alveolar pressure increases.
B)elastic tissues of the lungs, thoracic cage, and abdominal organs recoil.
C)air is squeezed out of the lungs.
D)the diaphragm and external intercostal respiratory muscles relax.

Question 23

A respiratory specialist is giving a simple spirometer test to observe the different respiratory volumes of a patient. Which of the following won't be observable with this particular test?

A)Tidal volume
B)Vital capacity
C)Residual volume
D)Expiratory reserve volume

Question 24

Air entering the potential space of the pleural cavity is called

A)pneumonia.
B)pneumothorax.
C)pulmonary ventilation.
D)internal respiration.

Question 25

The respiratory control areas are in the

A)cerebral cortex.
B)pons and medulla oblongata.
C)alveoli.
D)hypothalamus and hippocampus.

Question 26

The inverse relationship between pressure and volume is known as

A)Dalton's law.
B)Newton's law.
C)Boyle's law.
D)Starlings's law.

Question 27

The force responsible for normal expiration is supplied by the

A)diaphragm.
B)external intercostal muscles.
C)elastic recoil of tissues and surface tension.
D)contraction of smooth muscles in air passages.

Question 28

A sudden inspiration caused by a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm while the glottis is closed is a

A)yawn.
B)laugh.
C)sneeze.
D)hiccup.

Question 29

"I'm going to hold my breath until I die and it will be all your fault!" shrieked the 6-year-old at her father. The child was physically unable to carry out her threat because

A)she never stopped talking long enough to try to hold her breath.
B)increased CO₂ and hydrogen ion concentration and decreased oxygen concentration stimulate chemoreceptors.
C)decreased CO₂ and hydrogen ion concentration and increased oxygen concentration stimulate chemoreceptors.
D)she could not take in enough oxygen.

Question 30

Baby Timothy suffers from apnea and is hooked up to a monitor to warn his parents when he stops breathing. Timothy's dad snores very loudly. Timothy's condition differs from his father's in that infant apnea is

A)due to airway obstruction.
B)a result of decreased surfactant.
C)a central problem of respiratory control.
D)treated by strapping a device onto the nose at night.

Question 31

The ventral part of the medulla oblongata near the origin of the vagus nerve is the location of

A)baroreceptors.
B)mechanoreceptors.
C)central chemoreceptors.
D)peripheral chemoreceptors.

Question 32

The volume of air that enters (or leaves)during a single respiratory cycle is the

A)inspiratory reserve volume.
B)vital capacity.
C)tidal volume.
D)expiratory reserve volume.

Question 33

The visceral and parietal pleural membranes are normally held together by

A)loose connective tissue.
B)dense connective tissue.
C)a thin film of serous fluid.
D)surfactant.

Question 34

Cathy develops a tumor in her brainstem that puts pressure on the respiratory centers. Her doctor notices that control of her diaphragm is abnormal and irregular movements occur during inspiration. Responses to sensory input are delayed and abnormal. Which specific respiratory center must be receiving pressure from the tumor?

A)The dorsal respiratory group
B)The ventral respiratory group
C)The pontine respiratory group
D)The diencephalon

Question 35

The first event in inspiration is

A)the diaphragm moves downward and the external intercostal muscles contract.
B)atmospheric pressure forces air into the respiratory tract.
C)decreased intra-alveolar pressure.
D)lung inflation.

Question 36

Respiratory distress syndrome in newborns is caused by

A)lack of surfactant.
B)lack of a respiratory membrane.
C)low oxygen concentration.
D)high oxygen concentration.

Question 37

The volume of air that enters the lungs during forced maximal inspiration is the

A)inspiratory reserve volume.
B)expiratory reserve volume.
C)vital capacity.
D)tidal volume.

Question 38

Of the respiratory air volumes listed, which one has the largest volume?

A)Expiratory reserve volume
B)Inspiratory reserve volume
C)Vital capacity
D)Tidal volume

Question 39

You have just jumped into the ocean after your boat began to sink. Luckily, you found an air tank before you jumped. Unluckily, the air tank has been used. The gauge says there is now exactly 30,000mL of air left in the tank. Fortunately, you know how to meditate and you've calmed yourself to the point where you are only taking normal, resting breaths. How many times can you inspire at this normal volume before the tank runs out?

A)27 times
B)6 and a half times
C)60 times
D)10 times

Question 40

What would you expect to happen to blood gas content if breathing rate did not increase with physical exercise? 

A)No change to blood gas content
B)Low concentration of CO₂ in the blood
C)High concentration of O₂ in the blood
D)High concentration of CO₂ in the blood

Question 41

The amount of oxygen released from oxyhemoglobin increases when

A)carbon dioxide concentration decreases.
B)carbon dioxide concentration increases.
C)temperature decreases.
D)blood becomes more alkaline.

Question 42

The airplane you are riding suddenly depressurizes at 10,000 feet in the air. This causes the PO₂ of the airplane's air to drastically decrease. You pass out before you can put on your oxygen mask. After being exposed to these pressure conditions for a time, PO₂ of the blood after oxygenation is only 60 mmHg. How saturated will hemoglobin be in these conditions (if the temperature remains around 38 degrees

A)About 60% saturated
B)About 85% saturated
C)About 90% saturated
C)?
D)About 100% saturated

Question 43

Police stop a very drunk Richard for driving erratically at 3 AM and give him a breathalyzer test, which he fails miserably. Why does he fail so badly?

A)The thinness of his respiratory membranes allows volatile alcohol molecules to enter the alveoli and become detectable by the machine.
B)The thickness of his respiratory membranes prevent alcohol from evaporating out of his blood.
C)His alveoli are in excellent condition.
D)Excess surfactant has been secreted in response to alcohol.

Question 44

An experimental treatment cultures stem cells from a newborn's umbilical cord. In a lab dish, the stem cells give rise to type II cells, which in turn give rise to more type I cells. These stem cells will be added to the extracellular matrix of a donated lung which has been stripped of its respiratory cells. How will the cells act after they grow in the donated lung?

A)The type I cells will secrete surfactant and the type II cells will form the respiratory membrane in the alveoli.
B)The type II cells will secrete surfactant and the type I cells will form the respiratory membrane in the alveoli.
C)Both type I and type II cells will produce surfactant.
D)The stem cells will directly replace alveoli.

Question 45

The chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies are most sensitive to changes in blood concentration of

A)carbon dioxide.
B)hydrogen ions.
C)oxygen.
D)bicarbonate ions.

Question 46

Max works out about an hour every day using aerobic machines at a gym. During his moderate physical exercise, blood concentrations of

A)oxygen and carbon dioxide increase.
B)oxygen and carbon dioxide remain nearly unchanged.
C)oxygen decrease and carbon dioxide increase.
D)oxygen increase and carbon dioxide decrease.

Question 47

Peripheral receptors stimulate the respiratory areas resulting in

A)increased respiratory rate.
B)decreased respiratory rate.
C)respiratory collapse.
D)passive exhalation.

Question 48

The walls of the alveoli are composed of

A)ciliated columnar epithelium.
B)simple squamous epithelium.
C)stratified squamous epithelium.
D)areolar connective tissue.

Question 49

Hyperventilation is usually accompanied by a(n)

A)decrease in blood CO₂ concentration and a drop in pH.
B)decrease in blood CO₂ concentration and a rise in pH.
C)increase in blood CO₂ concentration and a drop in pH.
D)increase in blood CO₂ concentration and a rise in pH.

Question 50

Carbon dioxide is sometimes added to the air that a patient breathes in order to

A)increase the rate and decrease the depth of breathing.
B)increase the rate and depth of breathing.
C)decrease the rate and increase the depth of breathing.
D)decrease the rate and depth of breathing.

Question 51

Which of the following has an effect on the pH of blood?

A)Oxygen
B)Phosphate
C)Carbon dioxide
D)Nitrogen

Question 52

Alveoli are kept clean by the action of

A)surfactant.
B)antibodies.
C)macrophages.
D)platelets.

Question 53

Increased blood concentration of carbon dioxide leads to a(n)________ in levels of hydrogen ions, with both causing similar effects upon the respiratory areas.

A)increase
B)decrease

Question 54

Which of the following factors does not directly affect breathing rate?

A)Partial pressure of oxygen in body fluids
B)Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in body fluids
C)Degree of lung tissue stretch
D)Size of residual volume

Question 55

The airplane you are riding suddenly depressurizes at 10,000 feet in the air. This causes the PO₂ of the airplane's air to drastically decrease. You pass out before you can put on your oxygen mask. After a few seconds, the PO₂ in your alveoli rapidly drops to 60 mmHg instead of the normal 104 mmHg. How will this affect blood gas concentrations?

A)PO₂ in the alveoli will be so low that oxygen will diffuse from hemoglobin into the alveoli, where it is exhaled. This causes blood oxygen concentrations to drop throughout the body.
B)Blood PCO₂ will increase because the air contains less oxygen.
C)Blood PO₂ will become low and much less oxygen will be delivered to tissues until cabin pressure returns.
D)PO₂ in the alveoli will be too low for gas exchange to even occur, so tissues will receive no oxygen during the depressurization event.

Question 56

Pneumothorax is a condition in which air separates the visceral and parietal pleura in the chest, resulting in a collapsed lung. Having pneumothorax would lower the ________ of the lung.

A)intrapleural pressure
B)surfactant production
C)serous fluid content
D)compliance

Question 57

The partial pressure of oxygen that stimulates the respiratory areas is ________ of normal.

A)33%
B)50%
C)67%
D)80%

Question 58

The enzyme carbonic anhydrase catalyzes what reaction?

A)Carbon dioxide reaction with water
B)Carbon dioxide reaction with bicarbonate ions
C)Water reaction with bicarbonate ions
D)Water reaction with hydrogen ions

Question 59

The respiratory membrane consists of

A)a single thickness of epithelial cells.
B)a single thickness of epithelial cells and a basement membrane.
C)two thicknesses of epithelial cells.
D)two thicknesses of epithelial cells and basement membranes.

Question 60

Oxygen plays a minor role in control of normal respiration because 

A)oxygenated blood is < 95% saturated.
B)deoxygenated venous blood is < 5% saturated.
C)oxygenated blood is more sensitive to CO₂.
D)deoxygenated venous blood is 75% saturated.

Question 61

Smokers are more susceptible to respiratory infections because

A)they congregate in small areas to smoke.
B)their respiratory passages overproduce cilia, to which bacteria cling.
C)their respiratory passages lose cilia, which would otherwise remove bacteria.
D)the respiratory passages have too little mucus.

Question 62

Which of the following proteins transports some carbon dioxide in the blood?

A)Hemoglobin
B)Carbonic anhydrase
C)Heme
D)Albumin

Question 63

What is globin?

A)Another term for alveolus
B)A form of fat that carries oxygen in the blood
C)A form of surfactant
D)The protein part of hemoglobin

Question 64

Cancer that originates in the lungs is most likely to begin in

A)epithelial cells.
B)smooth muscle cells.
C)dense connective tissue cells.
D)hyaline cartilage cells.

Question 65

Emphysema results in

A)constriction of the bronchioles.
B)cancer of the lung.
C)decreased number of respiratory capillaries.
D)backflow of capillary fluids into the alveoli.

Question 66

Changes in the respiratory system that accompany aging include

A)thinning mucus.
B)thickening of the alveolar walls.
C)overactive cilia, causing frequent coughing.
D)slowed swallowing reflex.

Question 67

In October 2001 at the site of the World Trade Center in New York City, fires were still burning from the terrorist attacks that had brought down the buildings. The greatest danger to the respiratory system was

A)the odor.
B)very small particles of debris.
C)very large particles of debris.
D)falling material from damaged buildings.

Question 68

In tuberculosis

A)an obstruction blocks airflow to alveoli, which collapse, deflating part or all of a lung.
B)a viral infection increases fluid in the lung.
C)alveoli collapse after near-drowning.
D)fibrous connective tissue forms around the sites of bacterial infection.

Question 69

Pneumonia can be caused by

A)bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
B)viruses only.
C)fungi only.
D)bacteria only.

Question 70

Which of the following occur with emphysema?

A)The walls of the alveoli degenerate, decreasing the surface area for gas exchange.
B)Cells in the bronchial lining divide too fast, causing increased thickness of the bronchial lining.
C)Tar from cigarettes blackens alveoli.
D)Membranes form within alveoli, increasing surface area.

Question 71

What is chloride shift?

A)An exchange that maintains the ionic balance between the red blood cells and the plasma
B)Movement of chloride across the respiratory membranes, decreasing oxygen delivery to tissues
C)The type of reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase
D)Movement of chloride into cerebrospinal fluid, allowing its interaction with peripheral chemoreceptors

Question 72

Exposure to secondhand smoke can cause or increase risk of

A)high altitude sickness and sleep apnea.
B)heart disease, lung cancer, and low birth weight.
C)pneumonia and tuberculosis.
D)sarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis, and vasculitis

Question 73

During an asthma attack, the patient usually finds it most difficult to

A)exhale.
B)inhale.
C)contract the respiratory muscles.
D)expand the lungs.

Question 74

Another word for breathing is ventilation.

Question 75

At high altitudes, when capillary pressure becomes too high,

A)fluid filters out of the blood and collects in the alveoli (pulmonary edema).
B)blood pressure decreases.
C)breathing and heart rates decrease.
D)blood pH increases to pathologic levels.

Question 76

Bronchial asthma is usually associated with

A)an injury to the respiratory areas.
B)coalescing alveoli.
C)an allergy.
D)paralysis of breathing muscles.

Question 77

A mother and two young children are found passed out in their apartment, where a space heater is on. Emergency medical technicians suspect carbon monoxide poisoning, so they give the patients

A)nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
B)highly concentrated oxygen and some carbon dioxide.
C)surfactant.
D)blood transfusions.

Question 78

Atelectasis is

A)a collapsed bronchial tube.
B)a deviated septum.
C)a collapsed lung.
D)a shrunken liver.

Question 79

The hypoxia associated with high altitude can cause

A)vasodilation of the major arterial blood vessels.
B)vasoconstriction of the pulmonary blood vessels.
C)vasoconstriction of the coronary blood vessels.
D)vasodilation of the major venous blood vessels.

Question 80

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the increase of breathing rate during exercise? 

A)Signals from cerebral cortex to skeletal muscles are also sent to the respiratory areas
B)Stimulation of the respiratory areas by decreasing blood concentration of oxygen and increasing blood concentration of carbon dioxide
C)A joint reflex
D)Stimulation of the respiratory areas by sensory impulses from proprioceptors