Deck 18: Neuropsychology

Question 1

Planning and carrying out goal-directed initiatives are activities governed by the __________ lobes.

A) frontal
B) temporal
C) parietal
D) occipital

Answer 1

frontal

Question 2

A brain trauma in which the brain has been shifted from its normal position and is pressed against the skull,often resulting in bruised tissue,coma,or delirium,is referred to as a

A) contusion.
B) concussion.
C) stroke.
D) laceration.

Answer 2

contusion.

Question 3

Paul Broca

A) is the most widely-known critic of current neuropsychological test batteries.
B) championed the practice phrenology in the 19th century.
C) determined via autopsy the area of the brain used for motor speech.
D) more than one of the above

Answer 3

determined via autopsy the area of the brain used for motor speech.

Question 4

The primary roles of a neuropsychologist include ALL BUT WHICH of the following?

A) testing to determine whether symptoms are emotionally or neurologically based
B) predicting prognosis for recovery from a brain injury
C) designing interventions and rehabilitation programs for individual patients
D) estimating the incidence and prevalence of various neurological disorders

Question 5

ALL BUT WHICH of the following is an accurate statement about head injury?

A) Most head injuries are relatively mild.
B) Head injury is a leading cause of death and disability in young people in the U.S.
C) Head injuries are classified as either concussions or perforations.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 6

Which of the following is true regarding brain structure and function?

A) The left hemisphere of the brain is thought to be more involved in language functions than the right hemisphere of the brain.
B) The right hemisphere of the brain is thought to be more involved in visual-spatial skills than the left hemisphere of the brain.
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above

Question 7

Neuropsychology is best defined as the study of

A) brain malfunction due to lesion or disease.
B) the relationship between brain function and intelligence.
C) the relationship between brain function and behavior.
D) none of the above

Question 8

ALL BUT WHICH of the following contributed to the growth of the field of neuropsychology after World War II?

A) the large number of head injuries in soldiers returning from the war
B) the rapid growth of the larger field of clinical psychology
C) the emergence of rudimentary neuroimaging technologies
D) All of the above played a role in the growth of neuropsychology at that time.

Question 9

ALL BUT WHICH of the following is an accurate statement about strokes?

A) Strokes occur most commonly among the elderly.
B) Strokes are also called cerebrovascular accidents.
C) Strokes result from one of three basic types of intracranial events.
D) Prompt medical attention can greatly reduce the amount of damage from certain strokes.

Question 10

Following a bicycle accident where her (helmetless)head hit the asphalt,Ally is experiencing impaired tactile perception.She most likely has damage to the __________ lobes.

A) parietal
B) temporal
C) frontal
D) occipital

Question 11

Dr.Jasper believes that a behavioral deficit depends on both which functional system (e.g.,perception,planning)of the brain has been affected,as well as the localization of damage within that system.We would say that Dr.Jasper adheres to

A) the idea of equipotentiality.
B) the functional model.
C) the idea of localization of function.
D) the componential model.

Question 12

__________ is the theory that the bumps and indentations of the skull indicate individual differences in intelligence and personality.

A) Phrenology
B) Localization
C) Equipotentiality
D) Cranial topology

Question 13

The frontal lobes of the brain were the __________ to develop,evolutionarily,and are the __________ to develop as humans grow from infancy to adulthood.

A) last; first
B) last; last
C) first; first
D) first; last

Question 14

The blockage or rupture of cerebral blood vessels is known as a(n)

A) laceration.
B) stroke.
C) contusion.
D) contrecoup.

Question 15

Equipotentiality is best understood as

A) the ability of brain-injured patients to return to premorbid levels of functioning.
B) the tendency for the brain to function as a whole rather than as isolated units.
C) equivalent neuropsychological abilities across the senses.
D) the comparable impairment experienced by individuals with similar brain lesions.

Question 16

ALL BUT WHICH of the following is true regarding the hemispheric organization of the brain?

A) Generally speaking, the left side of the brain controls sensation and motor functions on the right side of the body, and the right side of the brain controls sensation and motor functions on the left side of the body.
B) Language is localized on the left side of the brain for right handers, and the right side of the brain for left-handers.
C) The two hemispheres communicate via a structure called the corpus callosum.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 17

The idea of localization of brain function

A) has been around for only about a century.
B) is unable to explain why lesions in very different parts of the brain sometimes produce the same deficit or impairment.
C) is unable to explain how some patients with very small brain lesions manifest marked, specific behavioral deficits.
D) more than one none of the above

Question 18

In recent months,Percy has been experiencing difficulty with his coordination and balance that is growing progressively worse.Which area of the brain,below,would you guess is involved in his problems?

A) the cerebellum
B) the parietal lobe
C) the cerebral cortex
D) the limbic system

Question 19

Scott is injured in a car accident and experiences a lesion to the left temporal lobe.It is most likely that this lesion will cause impairment in Scott's

A) equilibrium.
B) vision.
C) emotional regulation.
D) language-related abilities.

Question 20

The __________ lobes are primarily responsible for visual processing.

A) frontal
B) occipital
C) parietal
D) temporal

Question 21

Neurological damage can result in

A) the deterioration of judgment under conditions of stress.
B) a lack of concern over the consequences of one's actions.
C) an inability to learn or retain new information.
D) all of the above

Question 22

Ted has been an alcoholic for 20 years and is experiencing brain damage due to poor nutrition.The most likely diagnosis in this case is

A) beriberi.
B) Alzheimer's disease.
C) Huntington's chorea.
D) Korsakoff's psychosis.

Question 23

Mrs.Killoran has been brought to the neuropsychology clinic for evaluation by two of her grown children.During the interview with the neuropsychologist,Mrs.Killoran laughs and cries very easily,and shifts rapidly from exhibiting one emotional state to exhibiting another.The neuropsychologist would say that Mrs.Killoran is characterized by __________ affect.

A) labile
B) bipolar
C) intemperate
D) reactive

Question 24

Which of the following provides a better sense of the "working" brain than more traditional neurodiagnostic procedures?

A) fMRI
B) CAT scan
C) SPECT
D) more than one of the above

Question 25

General language impairment is known as __________,and specific impairment in naming things is known as __________.

A) aphasia; anomia
B) anomia; agnosia
C) agnosia; ataxia
D) ataxia; aphasia

Question 26

Ever since her stroke,Julia has been unable to recognize ordinary objects,although she is able to describe their features.Julia appears to have

A) agnosia.
B) apraxia.
C) ataxia.
D) aphasia.

Question 27

An investigation by Ivnik et al.(2000)on the validity of four different approaches to interpreting test data concluded that

A) cutoff scores are essentially worthless.
B) cutoff scores can be used instead of more complex indices like difference scores or patterns of scores.
C) all approaches to interpreting neuropsychological test data are equally valid.
D) the use of cutoff scores is adequate for novices in the field, but experts should rely more heavily upon more complex indices like difference scores or patterns of scores.

Question 28

ALL BUT WHICH of the following is a change to the brain often observed in people with chronic alcoholism?

A) lesions in the temporal lobe
B) atrophy of the cerebral cortex
C) damage to the cerebellum
D) shrinkage or lesions in the diencephalon

Question 29

__________ is the most common degenerative brain disease,and __________ is the degenerative brain disease with the earliest typical age of onset.

A) Alzheimer's; Alzheimer's
B) Parkinson's; Parkinson's
C) Alzheimer's; Huntington's chorea
D) Parkinson's; Huntington's chorea

Question 30

The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test is best used to assess

A) premorbid functioning.
B) abstract reasoning.
C) overall intelligence.
D) memory.

Question 31

Which of the following is true?

A) None of the neurodiagnostic procedures currently in use pose physical risks for the patient.
B) None of the neurodiagnostic procedures currently in use are physically invasive.
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a memory test based on visual stimuli?

A) Benton Visual Retention Test
B) Bender-Gestalt
C) Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test
D) All of the above assess visual memory.

Question 33

When a neuropsychologist presents the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure to an examinee,the neuropsychologist instructs the examinee to

A) sort its pieces according to varying instructions.
B) use the pieces to build a figure exactly as shown in the model.
C) copy the figure, and then draw it from memory.
D) count the number of various types of shapes contained in the figure.

Question 34

Dr.Cao,a neuropsychologist,is testing a brain-injured patient and wants an estimate of the patient's premorbid level of functioning.For this purpose,Dr.Cao should consider administering the __________ subtests of the WAIS-IV.

A) Arithmetic and Digit Span
B) Information and Block Design
C) Information, Comprehension, and Vocabulary
D) Comprehension, Picture Completion, and Figure Weights

Question 35

The neuropsychologist may interpret neuropsychological tests according to

A) differences between a patient's score and the norms for others in his/her reference group.
B) differences between two tests completed by the same patient.
C) the specific pattern of test scores obtained by a patient.
D) all of the above

Question 36

Dr.Tobin,a neuropsychologist,receives a referral for an individual who was in a car accident,and the referral source is interested in changes to the person's functioning as a result of the accident.If no baseline data is available,how would Dr.Tobin best estimate the person's premorbid (pre-accident)functioning?

A) by asking the person what changes he/she has noticed since the accident
B) by drawing an inference based on data (e.g., level of education, occupation) from the person's case history
C) by having the person complete certain subtests of the WAIS-IV
D) by having the person complete the Wisconsin Card-Sorting Task

Question 37

Which of the following is true?

A) According to the standard battery approach to neuropsychological assessment, all patients should receive the same tests.
B) The major disadvantage of the hypothesis-testing approach to neuropsychological assessment is that it is relatively costly in terms of time and money.
C) The fixed and flexible battery approaches cannot readily be reconciled/combined.
D) all of the above

Question 38

Dennis's friends bring him to the ER late one night following blows to his head that have left him unable to say where he is or even what day it is.Someone assessing Dennis's neuropsychological status would say that he has impaired

A) affect.
B) perception.
C) orientation.
D) cognitive fluency.

Question 39

Neuropsychological damage can result in linguistic problems such as paraphasias,which are best described as

A) word substitutions.
B) impaired ability to name objects.
C) the absence of coherent speech.
D) none of the above

Question 40

The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test involves

A) sorting a standard deck of playing cards according to the evaluator's instructions.
B) cards that differ only in the number of stimuli printed on each card.
C) cards with visual figures that the examinee is asked to copy from memory onto a blank sheet of paper.
D) none of the above

Question 41

Define neuropsychology,and identify three primary roles of neuropsychologists.

Question 42

Currently,the __________ is the most widely used neuropsychological test battery.

A) Halstead-Reitan
B) Luria-Nebraska
C) Rey-Osterrieth
D) Bender-Gestalt

Question 43

Which of the following situations best exemplifies malingering?

A) When filling out a paper-and-pencil personality measure, Donna answers in such a way that she appears more thoughtful and less irritable than she truly is.
B) Jay is hard to engage in his interview with the neuropsychologist, making little eye contact and supplying one- or two-word responses to her questions.
C) During her neuropsychological evaluation, Lexi repeatedly requests bathroom and water breaks, and tries to distract the professional with questions and tangential comments.
D) During his neuropsychological testing session, Derek responds to the tests in such a way that his memory functioning appears significantly worse than it really is.

Question 44

ALL BUT WHICH of the following is true of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery?

A) Its initial development was guided by factor analysis.
B) The entire battery takes about 2.5 hours to adminster/complete.
C) The results can suggest whether a lesion has come on suddenly or more gradually.
D) Research has supported its reliability and validity across age groups.

Question 45

In the context of neuropsychology,rehabilitation can involve helping the patient

A) change his/her environment to ensure the best possible quality of life.
B) "relearn" impaired abilities via intact functional systems.
C) develop new functional systems.
D) all of the above

Question 46

The future of neuropsychology will most likely include

A) a de-emphasis on rehabilitation.
B) the continued willingness of managed care companies to reimburse the costs of neuropsychological assessment.
C) the growth and development of neuropsychological subspecialties.
D) none of the above

Question 47

Identify and describe in some depth at least four distinct antecedents or causes of brain damage.

Question 48

Explain the primary advantages and disadvantages of (1)the standard battery approach and (2)the flexible battery approach to neuropsychological assessment.

Question 49

What kind of information is provided by fMRI? Identify at least two drawbacks of neurodiagnostic procedures,in general,and explain when they should be ordered.

Question 50

Describe the guidelines for graduate training in clinical neuropsychology that were offered at the Houston Conference in 1997.Also,what kind of post-doctoral training is required?

Question 51

According to the text,how will the focuses,duties,and work settings of clinical neuropsychologists change,or continue to change,in the future?

Question 52

Harvey,who is undergoing a neuropsychological evaluation,fails very easy test items and performs below chance levels on alternative-choice test items.According to Rogers et al.(1993)and others,the examiner should suspect

A) localization of brain injury in the frontal lobes.
B) localization of brain injury in the temporal lobes.
C) inappropriate test selection by the examiner.
D) malingering.

Question 53

Compare and contrast the Halstead-Reitan and the Luria-Nebraska test batteries.

Question 54

Identify at least four patient characteristics that affect performance on neuropsychological tests.In your response,avoid demographic variables such as age,sex,socioeconomic status,etc.

Question 55

Compare and contrast the localization of function,equipotentiality,and functional models of brain functioning.

Question 56

The main advantage of the Luria-Nebraska over the Halstead-Reitan is

A) more comprehensive normative data.
B) length of administration time.
C) localization accuracy.
D) greater age range.

Question 57

According to a paper by Wilson (2008),ALL BUT WHICH of the following is likely to increase the success of rehabilitation programs for cognitive and behavioral deficits?

A) involving the patient in the establishment and modification of the treatment goals
B) making use of virtual reality to simulate real-life experience
C) targeting cognitive, emotional, and physical deficits separately
D) using electronic diaries or pagers to prompt the patient to use particular skills

Question 58

Identify and describe at least four common consequences or symptoms of brain damage.

Question 59

Which of the following is considered a test battery rather than a single test for brain dysfunction?

A) Halstead-Reitan
B) Luria-Nebraska
C) Rey-Osterrieth
D) more than one of the above

Question 60

Dr.Lowry is a neuropsychologist,and he is in charge of coordinating the treatment of a patient with a brain injury.What factor should he consider as he designs the treatment?

A) Where are the patient's specific deficits?
B) What are the patient's specific strengths?
C) Will the treatment require too much of the staff's time and energy?
D) all of the above