Question 1

Jaqueline uses an over-the-counter decongestant.What is the mechanism of action of decongestants?&#10;A)They constrict blood vessels in the respiratory tract.&#10;B)They stabilize the mast cell membrane.&#10;C)They increase secretions,reduce viscosity,and help to expel sputum.&#10;D)They decrease the hypersecretion of and liquefy pulmonary secretions.

Accepted Answer

Decongestants work by constricting blood vessels in the respiratory tract, which reduces swelling and inflammation in the nasal passages and allows for easier breathing.

Question 2

Darren has asthma and sometimes needs a rescue inhaler.What is he likely to use?&#10;A)arformoterol&#10;B)albuterol&#10;C)formoterol&#10;D)salmeterol

Accepted Answer

Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist commonly used as a rescue inhaler for individuals with asthma. Arformoterol, formoterol, and salmeterol are all long-acting beta-agonists and are not appropriate for rescue use.

Question 3

Ignacio has asthma and uses an oral medication that decreases the degranulation of cells associated with the inflammatory response.What medication might he be taking?&#10;A)zafirlukast&#10;B)cromolyn&#10;C)nometasone&#10;D)ipratropium

Accepted Answer

Cromolyn is an oral medication that inhibits the degranulation of mast cells and prevents the release of inflammatory mediators, making it a useful medication for the management of asthma. Zafirlukast is also an oral medication used in the management of asthma, but it works by blocking leukotriene receptors rather than inhibiting degranulation. Nometasone is a corticosteroid inhaler used for long-term management of asthma, and ipratropium is an inhaler used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Question 4

Pearl,who has asthma,uses a beta2 agonist as a maintenance medication.What medication might she be taking?&#10;A)salmeterol&#10;B)ipratropium&#10;C)tropium&#10;D)albuterol

Accepted Answer

Salmeterol is a long-acting beta2 agonist that is commonly used as a maintenance medication for asthma. It helps to open up the airways and improve breathing by relaxing the muscles in the walls of the airways.

Question 5

Sixteen-year-old Elyza has asthma and has been using her rescue inhaler more frequently.What does this indicate?&#10;A)She is overusing her medications and is at risk of an overdose.&#10;B)She is outgrowing her asthma.&#10;C)Her asthma control is deteriorating.&#10;D)She is having a paradoxical reaction to her medications.

Accepted Answer

Elyza's increased use of her rescue inhaler suggests that her asthma control is deteriorating. This could indicate a need for a change in treatment, as overuse of rescue medication can have negative consequences for asthma management in the long term. Outgrowing asthma is relatively rare, and a paradoxical reaction to medication is unlikely to be the cause of increased rescue inhaler use.

Question 6

Short-acting beta agonists are .&#10;A)antihistamines&#10;B)maintenance medications&#10;C)antitussives&#10;D)rescue medications

Accepted Answer

Short-acting beta agonists, such as albuterol or salbutamol, are known as rescue medications because they are used to quickly relieve symptoms during acute asthma attacks or COPD exacerbations. They work by relaxing the muscles in the airways, allowing the lungs to open up and improve breathing. Antihistamines are used to treat allergies, maintenance medications are used for long-term control of asthma or COPD, and antitussives are used to suppress coughs.

Question 7

Percy needs an antihistamine to help with his pollen allergies,but he has some complicated mental work to do and therefore,would like to use a non-drowsy medication.What antihistamine is less likely to make Percy less drowsy?

A)chlorpheniramine
B)fexofenadine
C)azelastine
D)clemastine

Accepted Answer

Fexofenadine is a second-generation antihistamine that is less likely to cause drowsiness compared to first-generation antihistamines like chlorpheniramine and clemastine. Azelastine, although a second-generation antihistamine, can still cause drowsiness as a possible side effect.

Question 8

Della is having trouble falling asleep and remembers that antihistamines make her drowsy.What antihistamine is approved as a nighttime sleep aid?&#10;A)fexofenadine&#10;B)oxymetazoline&#10;C)diphenhydramine&#10;D)desloratadine

Accepted Answer

Diphenhydramine is approved as a nighttime sleep aid as it has sedative effects and can help with insomnia. Fexofenadine, oxymetazoline, and desloratadine are antihistamines but do not have the same sedative effects as diphenhydramine.

Question 9

Clay has COPD and is not responsive to inhaled bronchodilators.What medication might be used?&#10;A)cromolyn&#10;B)montelukast&#10;C)theophylline&#10;D)formoterol

Accepted Answer

Theophylline is a bronchodilator that works by relaxing the smooth muscles in the airways, and can be effective in treating COPD when inhaled bronchodilators are not effective. Cromolyn and montelukast are not bronchodilators, and formoterol is an inhaled bronchodilator that may not be effective in patients who do not respond to other bronchodilators.

Question 10

Jean's doctor suggests that she use a decongestant but cautions her to limit her use to just a few days.What might prolonged use cause?&#10;A)tolerance&#10;B)rebound congestion&#10;C)psychological dependence&#10;D)breakdown of nasal vasculature

Accepted Answer

Prolonged use of decongestants can lead to rebound congestion, where the nasal passages become more congested when the medication wears off, causing a cycle of continued use.

Question 11

Diarmuid wants to quit smoking and wonders whether smoking cessation aids are useful.Are they?&#10;A)No.They may even make it more difficult to quit.&#10;B)Yes.They twice as many smokers quit as going &#34;cold turkey.&#34;&#10;C)Yes,but only when used at higher doses than recommended&#10;D)Possibly,but only if the smoker is highly motivated

Accepted Answer

The answer of Diarmuid wants to quit smoking and wonders...

Question 12

Sapphire has rhinitis and has been prescribed an intranasal corticosteroid.What is important for her to know about its use?&#10;A)The medication will relieve congestion but not inflammation.&#10;B)The medication should be used only when symptoms occur.&#10;C)The medication should be started before symptoms occur.&#10;D)The medication should be used only after rinsing the mouth with mouthwash to avoid fungal infections.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sapphire has rhinitis and has been prescribed...

Question 13

Sally is taking an oral smoking cessation aid that is a partial nicotine receptor agonist-antagonist.What medication is she taking?&#10;A)desloratadine&#10;B)oxymetazoline&#10;C)varenicline&#10;D)bupropion

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sally is taking an oral smoking cessation...

Question 14

Kristopher is taking medicine that contains dextromethorphan.What type of agent is dextromethorphan?&#10;A)decongestant&#10;B)mucolytic&#10;C)expectorant&#10;D)nonnarcotic antitussive

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kristopher is taking medicine that contains dextromethorphan.What...

Question 15

Bartholomew has a cold with a cough and runny nose.He has an antihistamine that worked wonderfully with his spring allergies.Should he use this for his cold?&#10;A)Possibly,but only if he takes it with an antitussive as well.&#10;B)Yes,especially if he has COPD or asthma.&#10;C)Yes.Taking this is a good idea to help him be more comfortable.&#10;D)No.The thickening of bronchial secretions may result in further airway obstruction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bartholomew has a cold with a cough...

Question 16

Edward has COPD and uses oxygen.What adverse effect does he risk if an excessively high concentration is used?&#10;A)paradoxical excitation&#10;B)insomnia&#10;C)blindness&#10;D)hypoventilation

Accepted Answer

The answer of Edward has COPD and uses oxygen.What adverse...

Question 17

Brevyn is taking medication that contains guaifenesin.What is the action of guaifenesin?&#10;A)expectorant&#10;B)antitussive&#10;C)mucolytic&#10;D)antihistamine

Accepted Answer

The answer of Brevyn is taking medication that contains guaifenesin.What...

Question 18

Lewis uses an antihcolinergic for the prophylaxis of COPD.He is likely using what medication?&#10;A)arformoterol&#10;B)albuterol&#10;C)racepinephrine&#10;D)tiotropium

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lewis uses an antihcolinergic for the prophylaxis...

Question 19

Karly is taking a nonnarcotic antitussive that has both central and peripheral actions.What might she be taking?&#10;A)dextromethorphan&#10;B)acetylcysteine&#10;C)benzonatate&#10;D)zafirlukast

Accepted Answer

The answer of Karly is taking a nonnarcotic antitussive that...

Question 20

Mercedes takes an oral agent that helps to control the inflammatory process of her asthma.What medication might she be taking?&#10;A)montelukast&#10;B)racepinephrine&#10;C)tropium&#10;D)cromolyn

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mercedes takes an oral agent that helps...

Question 21

Anastasia has a respiratory disease that causes the destruction of the tiny air sacs at the base of the lungs,diminishing the capacity and efficiency of the lungs to utilize oxygen.What does she have?&#10;A)chronic bronchitis&#10;B)allergies&#10;C)asthma&#10;D)emphysema

Accepted Answer

The answer of Anastasia has a respiratory disease that causes...

Question 22

Yuri has inflammation of bronchial tubes,which leads to chronic mucus production and a wet cough.What disease does he have?&#10;A)allergies&#10;B)chronic bronchitis&#10;C)emphysema&#10;D)asthma

Accepted Answer

The answer of Yuri has inflammation of bronchial tubes,which leads...

Question 23

Justin has come to the conclusion that caring for a three-year-old with a bad cold is far more challenging than calculus.He wonders if one of the over-the-counter cold medicines might help.Would an OTC cold medicine help?

A)Absolutely.An OTC cold medicine will be helpful.
B)No.There is no proof that these medications ease cold symptoms in children.
C)Yes,if he follows the label directions exactly.
D)The medication might or might not help,depending on what ingredients are included.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Justin has come to the conclusion that...

Question 24

The primary cause of COPD is .&#10;A)cigarette smoking&#10;B)pollution&#10;C)genetic defects&#10;D)allergens

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primary cause of COPD is .&#10;A)cigarette...

Question 25

Iona uses an inhaler that delivers her medication through the compression of a valve.What kind of inhaler does she use?&#10;A)metered dose inhaler&#10;B)dry-powder inhaler&#10;C)intranasal inhaler&#10;D)small volume nebulizer

Accepted Answer

The answer of Iona uses an inhaler that delivers her...

Deck 26: Respiratory System Drugs and Antihistamines