Question 1

After experiencing several dangerous blood clots,Blair is prescribed an anticoagulant.She initially takes high doses to get her blood levels of the anticoagulant up as quickly as possible,and then is placed on a lower dose for the foreseeable future.This latter,lower dose is referred to as a .

A)routine dose
B)standard dose
C)maintenance dose
D)loading dose

maintenance dose

Accepted Answer

The lower dose that Blair is placed on for the foreseeable future is referred to as a maintenance dose. This type of dose is intended to maintain therapeutic levels of the anticoagulant in the bloodstream over an extended period, as opposed to a loading dose that is used to rapidly achieve therapeutic levels in the blood. Routine and standard doses do not necessarily imply a specific dosing strategy, and are generic terms used to describe doses used in general practice or clinical trials.

Question 2

Zach normally takes an antianxiety medication and,after he has his wisdom teeth pulled,takes a narcotic pain medication as well.He suddenly finds himself very drowsy and disoriented.This is an example of .

A)undesirable antagonism
B)desirable synergism
C)desirable antagonism
D)undesirable synergism

undesirable synergism

Accepted Answer

Undesirable synergism occurs when two drugs taken together increase the effects of each other in an unexpected or unwanted way. In this case, the antianxiety medication and the narcotic pain medication are both causing sedative effects, leading to drowsiness and disorientation.

Question 3

Ozzie's doctor tells him not to take his tetracycline with dairy products because the calcium in the dairy products will form an insoluble complex with the tetracycline.What is this process called?&#10;A)chelation&#10;B)adsorption&#10;C)oxidation&#10;D)excretion

Accepted Answer

Chelation is the process in which a metal ion is bound to an organic molecule with multiple binding sites, such as tetracycline, forming a stable complex. In this case, the calcium in the dairy products binds with the tetracycline, forming an insoluble complex and reducing the effectiveness of the medication.

Question 4

Drugs with an alkaline pH are best absorbed in the .&#10;A)large intestine&#10;B)mouth&#10;C)stomach&#10;D)small intestine

Accepted Answer

Drugs with an alkaline pH are best absorbed in the small intestine. This is because the small intestine has a pH of around 7.4, which is alkaline, and provides an ideal environment for the absorption of basic drugs. The stomach is acidic, with a pH of around 1.5-3.5, which can cause some drugs to break down or become inactive before they can be absorbed. The large intestine is primarily responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes, and is not as efficient in drug absorption as the small intestine. The mouth is not a major site for drug absorption, as most drugs are swallowed and pass through the mouth quickly.

Question 5

Why are persons with liver failure particularly prone to experiencing the toxic effects of medications?&#10;A)They do not excrete the medication efficiently.&#10;B)They distribute the medication differently.&#10;C)They are unable to properly metabolize the medication.&#10;D)They absorb the medication too rapidly.

Accepted Answer

The liver is responsible for the metabolism of most drugs, so in liver failure, the liver's ability to process and metabolize medications is severely impaired. Therefore, medications can accumulate in the body, and toxic effects can occur. This is why persons with liver failure are particularly prone to experiencing the toxic effects of medications.

Question 6

Briella is given probenecid along with penicillin in order to build up the level of penicillin by decreasing its excretion.The effect of the probenecid is called .&#10;A)synergism&#10;B)potentiation&#10;C)antagonism&#10;D)agonism

Accepted Answer

The effect of probenecid on penicillin is called potentiation, where the probenecid increases the effectiveness of the penicillin by reducing its excretion from the body. Synergism is a situation where two drugs have a greater effect when taken together than when they are taken separately. Antagonism occurs when two drugs work against each other, and agonism occurs when two drugs have a similar effect when taken together.

Question 7

The cellular changes produced by drugs are known as drug .&#10;A)interactions&#10;B)actions&#10;C)effects&#10;D)impacts

Accepted Answer

The answer of The cellular changes produced by drugs are...

Question 8

After identifying a gene that causes the skin of patients with epidermolysis bullosa (EB)to be easily blistered and torn,researchers have found a method to make the gene produce collagen needed for healthy skin,at least in the laboratory.Researchers hope to be able to use the same process in real life,and enable patients with EB to have healthy skin."Fixing" malfunctioning genes is an example of .

A)transgenics
B)gene therapy
C)mutagenics
D)translocation

Accepted Answer

The process described in the article involves finding a method to make a gene produce collagen needed for healthy skin, with the hope of using the same process in real life to enable patients with EB to have healthy skin. This process is an example of gene therapy, which involves manipulating genes to treat or prevent diseases. Transgenics refers to the process of transferring genes between different species or organisms, mutagenics involves inducing mutations in genes, and translocation refers to a specific type of chromosomal rearrangement. None of these terms accurately describes the process described in the article.

Question 9

Your friend has recently had a baby,and visits her doctor because of a terribly sinus infection.The doctor wants to know whether she is breastfeeding her baby.What drug process is of concern?&#10;A)absorption&#10;B)distribution&#10;C)metabolism&#10;D)excretion

Accepted Answer

Distribution is a concern because if the medication taken for the sinus infection enters the breast milk, it may distribute throughout the mother's body and potentially harm the baby. It is important for the doctor to consider the medication's ability to pass through the breast milk and potentially harm the baby when determining a safe course of treatment for the mother's sinus infection.

Question 10

Drug information for prescribing a certain medication indicates that it should be used with extreme caution in patients with impaired kidney function.What drug process is likely of concern?&#10;A)absorption&#10;B)metabolism&#10;C)excretion&#10;D)distribution

Accepted Answer

Impaired kidney function can lead to decreased excretion of medications, which can cause drug accumulation and potentially toxic side effects. Therefore, caution is necessary when prescribing drugs that are primarily eliminated through the kidneys.

Question 11

Orianna's insulin was made using the DNA of two different organisms.What is this technique called?&#10;A)gene therapy&#10;B)cloning&#10;C)recombinant DNA&#10;D)pharmacogenetics

Accepted Answer

The answer of Orianna's insulin was made using the DNA...

Question 12

The physiologic changes produced by drugs are known as drug .&#10;A)actions&#10;B)effects&#10;C)interactions&#10;D)impacts

Accepted Answer

The answer of The physiologic changes produced by drugs are...

Question 13

You are reading about the treatment of cardiovascular disease and learn that some medications are more effective in African Americans than persons of other races.The study of why medications vary in effectiveness among groups is known as .

A)genetic therapy
B)epigenetics
C)behavioral genetics
D)pharmacogenomics

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are reading about the treatment of...

Question 14

The instructions for your medication state to &#34;Take on an empty stomach.&#34; What drug process will taking the medication on an empty stomach most likely affect?&#10;A)absorption&#10;B)distribution&#10;C)metabolism&#10;D)excretion

Accepted Answer

The answer of The instructions for your medication state to...

Question 15

The process of a drug being broken down and altered to more water-soluble by-products is known as .&#10;A)biotransformation&#10;B)degradation&#10;C)disassembly&#10;D)solubility

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process of a drug being broken...

Question 16

Your cousin is started on medication after being diagnosed with epilepsy.Because he experiences seizures quite often,he starts with a very large dose of the anticonvulsant to elevate the levels of the drug in his blood as quickly as possible.This initial,large dose is known as a(n) .

A)overdose
B)loading dose
C)shock dose
D)therapeutic dose

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your cousin is started on medication after...

Question 17

In the 1990s,an investigational new drug was developed to slow the progression of Alzheimer's,but it was subsequently removed from the market due to liver toxicity.What was this drug?&#10;A)Cognex&#10;B)Retrovir&#10;C)Caduet&#10;D)Roferon

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the 1990s,an investigational new drug was...

Question 18

A research team recently identified a gene associated with epidermolysis bullosa,a disease that causes skin to blister and tear with even slight friction,by searching through a massive database of genetic information using powerful computers.This use of computers is an example of .

A)disease DNA
B)genetic mining
C)bioanalysis
D)chemoinformatics

Accepted Answer

The answer of A research team recently identified a gene...

Question 19

Finlay has metastatic colon cancer and is taking an agent that stops the tumors from being able to form blood vessels.This type of drug is called a(n) .&#10;A)antiangiogenesis drug&#10;B)biologically active drug&#10;C)tacrine-type drug&#10;D)anxiolytic

Accepted Answer

The answer of Finlay has metastatic colon cancer and is...

Question 20

Will visits the emergency room because of a badly broken leg.He is given a narcotic pain killer,but quickly becomes extremely dizzy and disoriented,and vomits.Will is then given another medication,naloxone,and soon begins to feel better.The effect of naloxone on the narcotic pain killer is known as .

A)undesirable antagonism
B)desirable antagonism
C)desirable potentiation
D)undesirable potentiation

Accepted Answer

The answer of Will visits the emergency room because of...

Question 21

Your healthy and active grandfather strains his back while helping you move your furniture.You have injured your back as well,so you give him the same over-the-counter pain reliever as the one you take,and in the same dosage.Unfortunately,your grandfather quickly develops severe stomach pain and is found to be bleeding into his stomach.What has he experienced?

A)contraindication
B)adverse reaction
C)abnormal reaction
D)secondary interaction

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your healthy and active grandfather strains his...

Question 22

What route of administration is the easiest,but is often slower than other routes?&#10;A)subcutaneous&#10;B)oral&#10;C)IM&#10;D)IV

Accepted Answer

The answer of What route of administration is the easiest,but...

Question 23

Your uncle takes nitroglycerin,a vasodilator,for angina,a type of chest pain.When he feels pain from angina,he places a nitroglycerin tablet under his tongue and lets it dissolve.This route of administration is known as .

A)subcutaneous
B)sublingual
C)buccal
D)transdermal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your uncle takes nitroglycerin,a vasodilator,for angina,a type...

Question 24

Your friend is given an antianxiety medication before a medical procedure.Rather than relaxing,however,your friend becomes agitated and starts shouting at people.This type of reaction is known as a(n) .

A)reversal
B)anaphylactic reaction
C)antagonistic reaction
D)paradoxical reaction

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your friend is given an antianxiety medication...

Question 25

The decreased response to a drug that develops after repeated doses are given is known as .&#10;A)physical dependence&#10;B)dose-response paradox&#10;C)withdrawal&#10;D)tolerance

Accepted Answer

The answer of The decreased response to a drug that...

Deck 3: Sources and Bodily Effects of Drugs