Deck 4: Sport and Social Stratification

Question 1

Since the recession of 2008,temporary work has grown at more than _____ the rate of permanent work.

A)100 times
B)50 times
C)10 times
D)3 times

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What is the Gini Index?

A)a measure of equality of condition in sport in Canada
B)a measure of equality of opportunity in sport in Canada
C)the accepted measure of sport participation in Canada
D)the standard measure of income inequality in Canada

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following does not accurately describe the top 1% of income earners in Canada's population?

A)predominantly male
B)better educated
C)work long hours
D)over age 65

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The withdrawal of the government from its regulatory and service roles is often called:

A)neoconservatism
B)neoliberalism
C)neoMarxism
D)neoglobalism

Question 5

Barriers that can impede an individual's opportunity to participate and succeed in sport can include all of the following,EXCEPT:

A)sex
B)eye colour
C)ethnicity
D)geographical location

Question 6

Between 1980 and 2007,the top quintile of income earners in Canada:

A)saw their proportion of the total income available decrease
B)saw their proportion of the total income available increase
C)saw their proportion of the total income available stay the same

Question 7

According to the text,among other things,"equality of condition" refers to:

A)the idea that all of a sport's participants have access to facilities,coaches,and programming that is similar in quality
B)the idea that all sport participants are in similar physical condition as young children
C)equality of opportunity in general
D)equality of access to and control over valued sport resources

Question 8

According to Marx,the most significant structural factor determining and individual's life chances is their relationship to:

A)the social relations of production
B)the people in their society with most of the political power
C)those who make decisions on a societal level
D)their family and friends

Question 9

If you were to explain to a friend how the top 1% of Canadians became wealthy,you would explain that:

A)they inherited their money from their rich parents
B)they earned their money through salaries and bonuses
C)they made their money in the stock market
D)they made most of their money by cheating on their taxes

Question 10

A look at the profile of social inequality in Canada and the United States shows that:

A)in the United States alone,the rich are getting richer as the poor get poorer
B)there is less inequality of opportunity based on social class in Canada
C)in both countries there is a growing divergence between the rich and the poor
D)in Canada alone,the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer

Question 11

For Marx,there were three fundamental aspects to the idea of class.These three are:

A)status,political power,and community
B)the objective,the subjective,and class solidarity
C)the subjective,solidarity,and community
D)the objective,community,and solidarity

Question 12

Among the factors noted in the text as affecting economic inequality in Canada are:

A)technology,the minimum wage,the decline of unions,and the increasing use of temporary workers
B)technology,tax loopholes for corporations,increasing part-time employment,and discrimination against women and visible minorities
C)the minimum wage,the decline of unions,discrimination against women,and the existence of a welfare system
D)employment insurance,the outsourcing of production,the increasing use of temporary workers,and tax loopholes for corporations

Question 13

Wilson's 2002 research showed that _____ is/are positive predictor(s)of sport involvement.

A)age
B)race and ethnicity
C)gender
D)indicators of social class

Question 14

The Gini Index ranges from:

A)0 to 1
B)0 to 100
C)low to high
D)increasing to decreasing

Question 15

Socioeconomic status (SES)is a composite indicator of:

A)income,education,and age
B)education,occupation,and income
C)gender,age,and income
D)education,gender,and occupation

Question 16

For Weber,there were three fundamental bases of power within a community.These are:

A)class,status,and political party
B)solidarity,party,and status
C)class,status,and prestige
D)political party,solidarity,and unions

Question 17

Gruneau's study of Canada Games athletes found that:

A)competitors came predominantly from working class families
B)disproportionately,competitors had parents who held professional and high-level ?white-collar positions
C)there was no class component evident in the competitors
D)most of the Canada Games athletes were proportionately represented by class

Question 18

Two fundamental equalities are needed for sport to be considered a genuine meritocracy.These are equality of _____ and equality of _____.

A)opportunity;condition
B)race;gender
C)social class;opportunity
D)income;condition

Question 19

Because sport is seen by advocates as an organization in which we find a hierarchical ranking and reward system where an individual's ranking depends on her/his demonstrated performance,we could call sport a/an:

A)autocracy
B)oligarchy
C)meritocracy
D)caste system

Question 20

With whom do we associate the "theory of structuration"?

A)Bourdieu
B)Weber
C)Marx
D)Giddens

Question 21

Bourdieu refers to a system of dispositions representing a practical sense of how to conduct one's actions as:

A)field
B)community
C)structuration
D)habitus

Question 22

On which of the following points does Giddens agree with Weber?

A)Divisions within classes can be numerous and complex.
B)Class is a multidimensional phenomenon.
C)Class structuration is strongly developed at three levels.
D)Class involves am objective element.

Question 23

Bourdieu's two key concepts integrating human agency and social structure are:

A)community and habitus
B)field and status
C)habitus and field
D)field and community

Question 24

Prior to Bilodeau's gold-medal win in the moguls at the 2010 Vancouver Olympics,Canada was the only country:

A)that had failed to win a gold medal while hosting the Olympics
B)that had never financially supported its own Olympic athletes
C)that had succeeded in winning more than 10 gold medals in a Winter Olympics
D)that had failed to win any medal while hosting the Olympics

Question 25

Rafael is explaining to his daughter that the sorting or competitive process in sport is partly about skills but it also depends on resources.Using Bourdieu's terms,Rafael is discussing:

A)allocative and distributive resources
B)community
C)economic,symbolic,and cultural capital
D)power,prestige,and party

Question 26

Hockey in Canada has become an increasingly class-based sport and it is the hockey system,consisting of leagues,that has added to this increased cost.This hockey system is,in Bourdieu's terms,the:

A)habitus
B)field
C)community
D)objective element