Deck 14: Foreign Policy

Question 1

Which of the following would have been a violation of the Monroe Doctrine in the nineteenth century?

A)The Spanish navy attacking a French cargo ship in the Indian Ocean.
B)France attempting to establish colonial governments in various parts of Southeast Asia.
C)Britain sending military forces to Canada and Cuba in an attempt to overthrow those country's existing regimes.
D)Russia staging a military invasion of Poland.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The three main goals of American foreign policy are

A)democracy,individualism,and isolationism.
B)liberty,fraternity,and equality.
C)freedom,order,and justice for all.
D)security,prosperity,and the creation of a better world.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

________ warned Americans to avoid permanent alliances with foreign powers.

A)George Washington
B)Thomas Jefferson
C)John Adams
D)James Madison

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The Bush administration's "global war on terror" and the war in Iraq were expressions of

A)isolationism.
B)deterrence.
C)preventive war.
D)appeasement.

Question 5

A policy of deterrence may fail against terrorist groups because

A)history has shown that only democratic nation-states respond well to deterrence.
B)deterrence has been made illegal under international law.
C)terrorist groups are nonstate actors who may believe that their lack of a fixed geographic location prevents their targets from retaliating militarily.
D)terrorist groups do not yet have access to nuclear weapons.

Question 6

Following World War II,________ brought together a wide range of nations for regular
Negotiations designed to reduce barriers to trade.

A)NATO
B)NAFTA
C)GATT
D)the IMF

Question 7

The North American Free Trade Agreement is a(n)

A)trade treaty between Mexico,Canada,and the United States designed to lower and eliminate tariffs.
B)executive agreement between the United States and the other nations of North and Central America,giving one another most favored-nation trade status.
C)treaty between the United States,Canada,and Mexico pledging a unified strategy regarding trade with Asia and Europe.
D)executive agreement reducing trade and immigration barriers throughout North America.

Question 8

The Axis alliance during World War II consisted of

A)the United States,France,and Britain.
B)Russia,China,and Japan.
C)Germany,Japan,and Italy.
D)Germany,China,and Russia.

Question 9

What was the key to American security during the nineteenth century?

A)the largest naval fleet in the world
B)troops stationed on the borders
C)geographical isolation
D)the largest nuclear arsenal in the world

Question 10

Which president made prevention the centerpiece of his foreign policy?

A)George W.Bush
B)Richard Nixon
C)Bill Clinton
D)Barack Obama

Question 11

The final collapse of the Soviet Union occurred in

A)1985.
B)1989.
C)1991.
D)1999.

Question 12

The fact that the United States remains silent in the face of human rights violations by a number
Of countries illustrates that

A)the United States has been pursuing a policy of isolationism since the end of
World War II.
B)protecting human rights is less important to American foreign policy than security concerns and economic interests.
C)the president has only limited power in determining American foreign policy.
D)Congress has only limited power in determining American foreign policy.

Question 13

The policy of deterrence and containment pursued by the United States during the Cold
War can be viewed as

A)an early version of the Bush Doctrine.
B)no different than a policy of isolationism.
C)no different than a policy of appeasement.
D)midway between aggression and appeasement.

Question 14

The Monroe doctrine refers to the

A)economic recovery package of aid from the United States to western Europe after
World War II.
B)policy that the United States will launch a preemptive attack on any country harboring nonstate actors that threaten its national security.
C)idea that foreign powers should not meddle in the Western Hemisphere.
D)theory that the United States needed to have twice as many nuclear weapons as
The Soviet Union in order to remain secure.

Question 15

When two sides of an international conflict possess such enormous arsenals of nuclear missiles that each has the ability to destroy the other in the event of war,it is called

A)"bilateralism."
B)"détente."
C)"simultaneous guaranteed annihilation."
D)"mutually assured destruction."

Question 16

A ________ nation is one with unstable leadership,whose policies are driven by ideology
Rather than by economic or human costs and benefits.

A)rational
B)rogue
C)sovereign
D)nonsovereign

Question 17

The world's wealthiest nation is

A)China.
B)Sweden.
C)the United States.
D)Switzerland.

Question 18

The policy of striking a nation that might be contemplating hostile actions is called

A)diplomacy.
B)appeasement.
C)détente.
D)preventive war.

Question 19

Which of the following goals has traditionally been of lowest priority in U.S.foreign policy?

A)economic interests
B)human rights
C)national security
D)international trade

Question 20

The nineteenth-century policy of ________ was based on the geographic distance of the United States from other countries.

A)idealism
B)isolationism
C)internationalism
D)sovereign dominance

Question 21

What is the main job of the director of national intelligence?

A)to head the National Intelligence Agency
B)to act as the primary adviser to the president on foreign policy matters
C)to serve as a mediator between the CIA,FBI,and National Security Council
D)to collate and coordinate intelligence coming in from multiple sources and to report this information to the president

Question 22

Amnesty International is a(n)

A)research group formed in 2000 to expose the dangers of global climate change.
B)2011 agreement signed by the United States and 12 other countries that governs the treatment of refugees.
C)multinational corporation that lobbies for lower taxes and neoliberal economic reforms.
D)interest group that works to protect human rights.

Question 23

In foreign policy,the Bush Doctrine refers to

A)managing the war on terrorism through multination diplomacy.
B)the tactic of relying on the United Nations to help achieve U.S.objectives.
C)increasing the size and scope of NATO forces.
D)preemptive war.

Question 24

Currently,the United Nations has ________ member states.

A)40
B)192
C)350
D)435

Question 25

The Department of Defense was created in

A)1790.
B)1865.
C)1947.
D)2002.

Question 26

The UN General Assembly

A)never casts formal votes.
B)allocates one vote to each member country,regardless of population size.
C)allocates votes according to population,with more populous countries receiving
More votes.
D)provides votes only to countries that have a democratic form of government.

Question 27

Which of the following is the most important actor in the conduct of American foreign policy?

A)Congress
B)the president
C)the Department of State
D)the Department of Defense

Question 28

The Department of Homeland Security was established in

A)1790.
B)1865.
C)1942.
D)2002.

Question 29

Which of the following set off a new set of power struggles in Washington,D.C. ,over control
Of the intelligence community?

A)the creation of the Department of Homeland Security
B)the appointment of Donald Rumsfeld as the secretary of Defense
C)the appointment of a national intelligence "czar"
D)the placing of the FBI and the CIA into the same federal department

Question 30

When did the Cold War begin?

A)in the late 1940s,soon after World War II
B)in the early 1950s,with the Korean War
C)in the late 1950s,with American involvement in Vietnam
D)in the early 1960s,with the Cuban Missile Crisis

Question 31

The MOST important task of the Senate in foreign policy is

A)establishing embassies in foreign nations.
B)ratifying the military budget.
C)reviewing and approving treaties.
D)declaring war.

Question 32

For the first 150 years of American history,Congress's role in foreign policy was limited because

A)the Supreme Court had ruled that Congress had no authority to make foreign policy under the Constitution.
B)the United States' role in world affairs was very limited.
C)countless protest events communicated to Congress that the public wanted it to avoid taking an active role in foreign policy.
D)the House of Representatives and the Senate could not agree on a unified approach to foreign policy and blocked each other from acting.

Question 33

The growing use of executive agreements by presidents over time has had the effect of

A)enhancing the importance of the Senate's constitutional treaty power.
B)diminishing the importance of the Senate's constitutional treaty power.
C)enhancing the importance of the House of Representative's constitutional treaty power.
D)diminishing the importance of the House of Representative's constitutional treaty power.

Question 34

An agreement between the president and another country that has the force of a treaty but does
Not require the Senate's "advice and consent" is called a(n)

A)international protocol.
B)executive agreement.
C)congressional agreement.
D)executive order.

Question 35

Congress has exercised its power to declare war ________ times in American history.

A)2
B)5
C)8
D)12

Question 36

The representation of a government to other foreign governments is called

A)multilateralism.
B)an alliance.
C)a treaty.
D)diplomacy.

Question 37

The National Security Council includes all of the following actors EXCEPT

A)the vice president.
B)the head of the CIA.
C)the secretary of state.
D)the chairperson of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.

Question 38

Which war was officially declared by Congress?

A)the War of 1812
B)the Vietnam War
C)the Korean War
D)the Iraq War

Question 39

Why has Congress become a major foreign policy maker since World War II?

A)The Constitution gives most of the foreign policy authority to Congress.
B)Congress is regularly called upon to approve financing of foreign policies.
C)Since the beginning of the Cold War,the president has delegated large amounts of foreign policy authority to Congress.
D)Congress is the only branch that can declare war.

Question 40

In the sphere of foreign policy,which of the following is a constitutional power possessed
By Congress?

A)declaring war
B)regulating commerce with foreign nations
C)confirming foreign ambassadors
D)All of these are correct.

Question 41

The United States spends

A)less on its military each year than all of Europe.
B)nearly the same amount on its military each year as all of Europe.
C)less on its military each year than China.
D)about one-third of the world's total military expenditures.

Question 42

The headquarters of the United Nations is located in

A)London.
B)Paris.
C)New York.
D)a different member country's capital city every 10 years.

Question 43

The first time that Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty had to be invoked was in response to

A)Japan's 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor.
B)a 1964 North Vietnamese attack on a U.S.naval vessel in the Gulf of Tonkin.
C)Saddam Hussein's 1990 invasion of Kuwait.
D)the September 11,2001,attack on the United States.

Question 44

The International Monetary Fund

A)provides loans and facilitates a short-term flow of money to countries in need.
B)sets a single monetary instrument that governs international monetary exchange.
C)is limited in its ability to loan money to developing countries.
D)was set up to provide for long-term money flow to developing countries.

Question 45

The term "soft power" refers to

A)any unsuccessful attempt by one nation to influence another.
B)military tactics and technologies that are designed to minimize civilian causalities.
C)efforts by one nation to influence the people and governments of other nations by persuasion rather than coercion.
D)any policy tool that has declined in influence over time.

Question 46

The five permanent members of the UN Security Council have more influence over the
Security Council's decisions than other countries because

A)they are each given 10 additional votes on every substantive proposal.
B)they are each given a "veto" that is sufficient to reject any substantive proposal.
C)other countries have traditionally deferred to the permanent members' knowledge
And expertise.
D)they are the only countries allowed to vote on issues before the Security Council.

Question 47

Which of the following nations does NOT have a permanent seat on the UN Security Council?

A)the United States
B)Russia
C)Germany
D)the United Kingdom

Question 48

During the 1990s,the importance of the International Monetary Fund increased due to

A)the United States choosing to join in 1989.
B)its success in producing massive economic growth in China.
C)the United States' victory in the Persian Gulf War.
D)its efforts to reform communist countries and bring them more fully into the
Global capitalist economy.

Question 49

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed in

A)1898.
B)1917.
C)1949.
D)1963.

Question 50

All important issues must receive ________ in order to pass through the UN General Assembly.

A)the support of at least one permanent member of the UN Security Council
B)a simple majority vote
C)a two-thirds-majority vote
D)a three-fourths-majority vote

Question 51

The two largest recipients of military assistance from the United States are

A)Israel and France.
B)Israel and Egypt.
C)Israel and Japan.
D)Israel and South Korea.

Question 52

The World Bank's chief mission is to

A)provide development aid to poor countries.
B)set the exchange rate for transferring money from one country to another.
C)handle the finances of the United Nations.
D)store the official gold reserves that back up the world's financial system.

Question 53

Dispute arbitration occurs when a(n)

A)dispute turns into a military conflict but is not officially declared a war by
The legislative branch.
B)international disagreement is referred to a neutral third party for resolution.
C)treaty is made between two or more nations.
D)agreement is made between the presidents of two countries but the terms are
Not legally binding.

Question 54

Which statement best describes Russian and American goals in the Syrian civil war?

A)While Russian forces entered the Syrian civil war to support the Assad regime,the United States was attempting to oust the Assad regime.
B)While Russian forces entered the Syrian civil war to oust the Assad regime,
The United States was attempting to support the Assad regime.
C)Both Russia and the United States were attempting to oust the Assad regime.
D)Both Russia and the United States were attempting to support the Assad regime.

Question 55

Foreign aid is an economic ________; sanctions are an economic ________.

A)liability; asset
B)asset; liability
C)carrot; stick
D)policy; regulation

Question 56

In any given year,the United States provides approximately ________ in economic assistance
To other countries.

A)$100 million
B)$800 million
C)$14 billion
D)$30 billion

Question 57

If the United States were to provide millions of dollars in grants to pay the medical and legal
Expenses incurred by individuals who have been the victims of political retaliation in their own
Countries,doing so

A)would increase the United States' "hard power."
B)would increase the United States' "soft power."
C)would lead to "détente."
D)would lead to "appeasement."

Question 58

The UN Security Council has ________ permanent members and ________ elected members.

A)5; 5
B)10; 10
C)5; 10
D)10; 25

Question 59

What did Prussian military strategist Carl von Clausewitz mean when he called war
"politics by other means"?

A)Nations should never use force because it is a violation of political norms.
B)Nations use force to achieve their foreign policy goals and not simply to demonstrate their capacity for violence.
C)Nations can only use force once they have widespread consensus in their domestic politics.
D)War inevitably causes strong political disagreements.

Question 60

In 2014,Russia challenged the United States and its European allies by

A)supporting attempts to overthrow the government of Libya.
B)refusing to sell oil to any democratically governed country.
C)seizing control of the of the Crimean Peninsula and amassing troops along other portions of the Ukrainian border.
D)supplying nuclear warheads and intercontinental ballistic missiles to North Korea.

Question 61

In 2015,the United States and Iran signed an agreement

A)in which the Iranians pledged not to build nuclear weapons in exchange for the United States lifting its economic sanctions against Iran.
B)that eliminated tariffs on agricultural imports between the two countries.
C)in which Iranians agreed to share intelligence information about the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS)in exchange for the United States lifting its economic sanctions against Iran.
D)that secured the release of a number of American hostages taken during the 1979 Iranian revolution.

Question 62

Some of the most important foreign policy problems the United States currently faces are its relations with China,Russia,Iran and North Korea.Write an essay that discusses the challenges presented by each of these countries and how key players in American foreign policy are using the tools at their disposal to manage these challenges.

Question 63

ISIS stands for

A)"I Stand with the Islamic State."
B)the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria.
C)the Islamic State in India and Sri Lanka.
D)the Islamic State in Solidarity.

Question 64

Americans have historically asserted that our foreign policies should

A)focus on the interests of the United States at the expense of all other nations.
B)focus on the interests of other nations at the expense of our own personal interests.
C)have a higher purpose than the pursuit of our own interests and use force only as
A last resort.
D)focus on working with the United Nations to promote democracy around the world.

Question 65

Discuss how security policy has evolved over the course of American history.What were the key policy approaches during the nineteenth century,during the Cold War,and in the post-Cold War era (including the Bush,Obama and Trump administrations)? Explain.

Question 66

The Kyoto Protocol was a(n)

A)statement issued by the United Nations on the importance of protecting endangered species.
B)peace treaty signed by the United States and Japan at the end of World War II.
C)treaty that created the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO).
D)agreement setting limits on emissions of greenhouse gases from industrial countries.

Question 67

American diplomacy with North Korea has often been difficult because North Korea's major
Backer and trading partner,________,will not cooperate with any effort by the United
States to undermine the North Korean regime.

A)the European Union
B)China
C)South Korea
D)Iran

Question 68

Who and what are some of the most important governmental actors in American foreign policy? How does the Constitution distribute the responsibility for formulating foreign policy? In your answer,be sure to identify specific actors in the various branches of the U.S.government and to discuss the specific roles these actors play in determining foreign policy.

Question 69

Among the most visible and important elements of U.S.international economic policy is trade policy.What are the primary goals of American trade policy,and what are some of the main organizations and agreements that help America achieve this goal?

Question 70

The United States withdrew from the 1997

A)Geneva Conventions.
B)NAFTA.
C)Kyoto Protocol.
D)United Nations.

Question 71

Describe some of the tools that the United States has used to conduct foreign policy.What is the role of diplomacy? What has been the influence of the United Nations (UN)since it was created? What did the United States do to create a new international monetary structure after World War II?

Question 72

The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)was

A)a military alliance formed between the United States and 11 Pacific-rim nations to limit China's military influence.
B)a nuclear nonproliferation agreement between the United States and 11 Pacific-rim nations.
C)a free-trade agreement between the United States and 11 Pacific-rim nations.
D)a law passed by the U.S.Congress to allow tariffs on goods imported from 11 Pacific-rim nations.