Deck 3: Federalism

Question 1

Which of the following statements about the relationship between state and local governments
Is NOT accurate?

A)Local governments are created by state governments.
B)State governments can legally dissolve local governments.
C)State governments can legally force multiple local governments to consolidate into one large locality.
D)Local governments can legally dissolve the government of the state they reside in if every local government votes to do so.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The United States,Canada,and Switzerland are all ________ systems of government,while
France is a ________ system of government.

A)unitary; federal
B)federal; unitary
C)totalitarian; federal
D)oligarchic; federal

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which amendment preserves a strong role for the states in the American federal republic?

A)First
B)Fifth
C)Ninth
D)Tenth

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In a federal system,governmental responsibilities are

A)under the complete authority of the federal government.
B)under the complete authority of state governments.
C)under the complete authority of local governments.
D)shared by both state and federal governments.

Question 5

Nations that adopt a federal arrangement are MOST likely to have

A)diverse ethnic or language groups.
B)multiparty systems.
C)strong executives.
D)no history of feudalism.

Question 6

The specific powers granted to Congress in Article I,Section 8 of the U.S.Constitution are
Called the ________ powers.

A)implied
B)expressed
C)sovereign
D)executive

Question 7

The Supreme Court's decision in Obergefell v.Hodges (2015)was significant because it

A)allowed state governments to limit marriage to one man and one woman.
B)struck down state laws that made sodomy a crime.
C)required that all states offer marriage licenses to two people of the same sex.
D)declared the full faith and credit clause unconstitutional.

Question 8

A state government's authority to regulate the safety,health,and morals of its citizens is called a ________ power.

A)police
B)reserved
C)concurrent
D)implied

Question 9

________ powers exist when both the state and national governments share authority in
Certain domains.

A)Implied
B)Reserved
C)Expressed
D)Concurrent

Question 10

The privileges and immunities clause of Article IV is also referred to as the ________ clause.

A)federalism
B)vesting
C)comity
D)dual sovereignty

Question 11

What is it called when a state grants a city the ability to govern its own local affairs?

A)home rule
B)dual federalism
C)separation of powers
D)city governance

Question 12

Which of the following statements about private property is MOST accurate?

A)Private property is defined in the First Amendment to the Constitution.
B)The federal government defines private property by enacting laws that define who is and is not entitled to use a piece of property.
C)Local governments define private property by enacting laws that define who is and is not entitled to use a piece of property.
D)State governments define private property by enacting laws that define who is and is not entitled to use a piece of property.

Question 13

The first nation to adopt federalism as its governing framework was

A)Switzerland
B)Canada
C)the United States
D)France

Question 14

The full faith and credit clause of the Constitution requires

A)the federal government to accept a state's outstanding debt at the time of ratification.
B)the states to honor each other's public acts and legal decisions.
C)the states,but not the federal government,to maintain a balanced budget.
D)the federal government,but not the states,to maintain a balanced budget.

Question 15

What is the purpose of the Tenth Amendment?

A)to ensure that each state constitution offers the same number of individual rights provided by the federal Constitution
B)to limit the powers of the federal government by reserving certain powers to the states and to the people
C)to grant citizens of each state access to the federal court system
D)to protect freedom of speech

Question 16

Federalism is best defined as a system of government

A)where member nations meet in a multinational conference.
B)in which power is divided between a national government and lower-level governments.
C)in which the national government is funded through direct taxation of local governments.
D)in which authority is divided into separate branches and each individual branch is given some power over the other branches.

Question 17

The inclusion of the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution was MOST strongly supported by the

A)Federalists.
B)Antifederalists.
C)Whigs.
D)Progressives.

Question 18

The ________ affirms that national laws and treaties are the supreme law of the land.

A)full faith and credit clause
B)necessary and proper clause
C)doctrine of national supremacy
D)doctrine of stare decisis

Question 19

Which powers,derived from the Tenth Amendment,are neither delegated to the national government nor denied to the states?

A)concurrent
B)expressed
C)police
D)reserved

Question 20

Which Supreme Court decision partially struck down the Defense of Marriage Act?

A)McCutcheon v.Federal Election Commission
B)National Federation of Independent Business v.Sebelius
C)Windsor v.United States
D)Bush v.Gore

Question 21

Which of the following statements best describes state-level same-sex marriage laws prior to 2015?

A)No state government had ever allowed same-sex couples to be legally married.
B)No state government had ever passed a law prohibiting same-sex couples from being legally married.
C)Thirteen states had passed laws prohibiting same-sex couples from being legally married.
D)Every state but one (Texas)allowed same-sex couples to be legally married.

Question 22

During the era of dual federalism,what was the primary goal of the federal government's
Domestic policies?

A)to promote competition between the states
B)to promote the development of commercial activity between and among the states
C)to protect citizens from the abuses of state governments
D)to keep the states from going to war with each other

Question 23

The power of Congress to regulate commerce with foreign nations,among the several states,
And with Native American tribes is found in ________ of the U.S.Constitution.

A)Article I
B)Preamble
C)First Amendment
D)Tenth Amendment

Question 24

Which constitutional provision was MOST important in determining the Supreme Court's ruling in Obergefell v.Hodges (2015)?

A)First Amendment
B)Fourteenth Amendment
C)full faith and credit clause
D)supremacy clause

Question 25

Which clauses of the U.S.Constitution involve the relationships between and among the various states?

A)the full faith and credit clause and the privileges and immunities clause
B)the full faith and credit clause and the federalism clause
C)the privileges and immunities clause and the federalism clause
D)the establishment clause and the privileges and immunities clause

Question 26

What is the main function of the privileges and immunities clause of Article IV?

A)It prevents states from discriminating against nonresidents.
B)It compels each state to recognize the laws of other states.
C)It requires all states to provide a uniform standard of benefits and entitlement.
D)It prevents states from coining their own money.

Question 27

Prior to the Supreme Court's 2015 ruling in Obergefell v.Hodges,________states recognized same-sex marriage.

A)0
B)5
C)17
D)37

Question 28

The ability to charter banks is an example of a ________ power.

A)reserved
B)concurrent
C)state
D)police

Question 29

The constitutional idea of states' rights was strongest during which historical period?

A)the years immediately preceding the Civil War
B)Reconstruction
C)the Great Depression
D)the 1960s

Question 30

Which of the following statements best describes the history of American federalism?

A)There has always been a clear allocation of responsibilities between the states and the federal government.
B)Since the Founding,there has been considerable debate about the allocation of responsibilities between the states and the federal government.
C)Debates over the responsibilities allocated to the states and to the federal government ended with the Civil War.
D)Debates over the responsibilities allocated to the states and to the federal government ended immediately after the Great Depression.

Question 31

When was the era of dual federalism?

A)from the Founding until the end of the Civil War
B)from the Founding until the New Deal
C)from the Civil War until World War II
D)from the New Deal until the 1960s

Question 32

What was one effect of dual federalism during the early Republic?

A)The national government was spared the task of making difficult policy decisions,such as the regulation of slavery,because the states did it themselves for the most part.
B)The national government was unable to raise sufficient amounts of money through taxes and tariffs.
C)The number of federal criminal laws expanded rapidly,while state criminal laws decreased.
D)The strength and size of the military grew dramatically.

Question 33

Which of the following is the best example of a concurrent power under the U.S.Constitution?

A)the power to declare war
B)the power to coin money
C)the power to regulate commercial activity
D)the power to tax imports and exports

Question 34

Advocates of limiting the powers of the national government justify their position by pointing to
The ________ of the U.S.Constitution.

A)commerce clause
B)necessary and proper clause
C)Tenth Amendment
D)due process clause

Question 35

The 1996 Defense of Marriage Act was MOST closely related to which of the following
Constitutional clauses?

A)commerce clause
B)necessary and proper clause
C)full faith and credit clause
D)interstate compact clause

Question 36

Which level of government writes the majority of criminal laws?

A)the national government
B)state governments
C)local governments
D)special judicial districts

Question 37

When Alaska passed a law in the 1970s that gave state residents preference over nonresidents in obtaining work on oil pipelines,this law violated the ________ clause.

A)interstate commerce
B)full faith and credit
C)privileges and immunities
D)necessary and proper

Question 38

Which clause is the source of implied powers under the U.S.Constitution?

A)full faith and credit
B)comity
C)necessary and proper
D)commerce

Question 39

The fact that state governments are required to enforce restraining orders placed on stalkers and batterers in other states is a result of the

A)Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act.
B)full faith and credit clause of the Constitution.
C)supremacy clause of the Constitution.
D)Supreme Court's decision in Loving v.Virginia.

Question 40

Which of the following is the best example of a unitary system of government?

A)The federal government sets detailed educational guidelines that all local governments must implement.
B)The federal government establishes general guidelines for schools but leaves most specific policy decisions up to local school boards.
C)The federal government provides parents with vouchers for private schools,and local governments have no role to play in education policy.
D)The federal government provides no funding for schools and leaves education policy entirely up to state legislatures and local school boards.

Question 41

Which of the following economic policies did the national government implement during
The nineteenth century?

A)chartering a national bank
B)regulating the health and safety of the workplace
C)nationalizing the nation's oil reserves
D)preventing the production of impure goods

Question 42

Why was United States v.Lopez (1995)important?

A)It was the first time since the New Deal that the Supreme Court limited the power of Congress as outlined under the commerce clause.
B)It was the first time that the Court had used the Tenth Amendment to limit the power of Congress.
C)The Court found the line-item veto unconstitutional.
D)The Court gave a broad interpretation of the commerce clause that expanded the power of the federal government over the states.

Question 43

The Southern Manifesto

A)was written before the Civil War.
B)was written by southern officials who declared that their states were not bound by Supreme Court decisions outlawing racial segregation.
C)argued in favor of national government power.
D)invalidated the Tenth Amendment.

Question 44

Which of the following Supreme Court cases limited federal power?

A)United States v.Lopez and Printz v.United States
B)Gibbons v.Ogden and McCulloch v.Maryland
C)Gibbons v.Ogden and Brown v.Board of Education
D)McCulloch v.Maryland and Brown v.Board of Education

Question 45

Which statement best describes the Supreme Court's decisions about federalism during the 1990s?

A)The Court granted the national government more power over the states.
B)The Court limited the power of the national government over state governments.
C)The Court declined to hear federalism cases,arguing that these were political questions.
D)The Court dramatically limited the ability of states to sue the national government in federal courts.

Question 46

What was a major reason that the slogan "states' rights" became tarnished in the 1950s and 1960s?

A)It had been used by southern opponents of the civil rights movement to support laws favoring racial inequality.
B)It had been used by religious organizations to increase federal spending on faith-based initiatives.
C)It had been used by antiwar activists to protest the war in Vietnam.
D)It had been used by supporters of the civil rights movement to oppose racial segregation.

Question 47

Which of the following statements about the structure of American federalism is true?

A)It has contributed to the longevity of the U.S.government by allowing many divisive policy decisions throughout American history to be made by states.
B)It has contributed to the longevity of the U.S.government by forcing every state to develop in exactly the same way.
C)It caused the Civil War to be fought decades before it would have been under a unitary system.
D)It has had almost no effect on the stability and functioning of the U.S.government.

Question 48

Why were attempts by Congress to regulate child labor and factory conditions in local workplaces struck down by the Supreme Court as unconstitutional in the late nineteenth century?

A)Regulating local workplaces was perceived to violate the Twenty-First Amendment to the Constitution.
B)Regulating local workplaces was perceived to violate the comity clause of the Constitution.
C)Regulating local workplaces was beyond the scope of interstate commerce at the time and was,therefore,perceived to be an unconstitutional exercise of power by the federal government.
D)Regulating local workplaces was perceived to violate the strongly held value of regulated federalism.

Question 49

What was the overall importance of McCulloch v.Maryland (1819)?

A)The Court allowed Congress to use the necessary and proper clause to broadly interpret its delegated powers.
B)The Court gave a very restricted definition of Congress's delegated and implied powers.
C)The Court announced that dual federalism did not conform to the framers' design.
D)The Court declared that a national bank was unconstitutional.

Question 50

The Supreme Court's decision in Printz v.United States was important because it declared that

A)state and local officials could not be required to administer a federal regulatory program.
B)state and local officials could be required to administer a federal regulatory program.
C)the federal government could not regulate the working conditions or hours of labor for businesses engaged solely in intrastate commerce.
D)the federal government could regulate the working conditions and hours of labor for businesses engaged solely in intrastate commerce.

Question 51

In Printz v.United States,the Supreme Court struck down a law that required state and local
Law enforcement officials to conduct background checks on handgun purchasers because the law

A)infringed on the Second Amendment right for individuals to bear arms.
B)ignored the constitutional principle of habeas corpus.
C)violated the Tenth Amendment's guarantee of state sovereignty.
D)encroached on the constitutional right to privacy.

Question 52

Gibbons v.Ogden (1824)was important because it

A)developed the concept of judicial review.
B)developed the concept of dual citizenship.
C)established the supremacy of the national government in all matters affecting interstate commerce.
D)determined that the forced relocation of the Five Civilized Tribes to Oklahoma was unconstitutional.

Question 53

"Commerce among the several states" was first defined in

A)Printz v.United States.
B)Marbury v.Madison.
C)McCulloch v.Maryland.
D)Gibbons v.Ogden.

Question 54

A provision of which law was overturned in the Supreme Court case Printz v.United States?

A)Defense of Marriage Act
B)Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
C)Affordable Care Act
D)Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act

Question 55

How did dual federalism help to establish a "commercial republic"?

A)The federal government passed laws forbidding any regulation of capitalism.
B)The function of the federal government was to promote and assist commerce.
C)The federal government was originally designed to regulate and control the marketplace.
D)The federal government sold many natural resources from publicly owned lands.

Question 56

Which clause of the U.S.Constitution has been most important in allowing the growth of
National power?

A)the commerce clause
B)the full faith and credit clause
C)the comity clause
D)the Tenth Amendment

Question 57

Under the traditional system of American federalism,most of the fundamental governing in
The United States was done by

A)state governments.
B)the federal government.
C)local governments.
D)the courts.

Question 58

In ________,the Supreme Court reinterpreted the commerce clause,changing it from a check on national power to a source of national power.

A)1865
B)1915
C)1937
D)1973

Question 59

Which statement best describes American federalism since the 1930s?

A)Although the federal government has grown significantly more powerful since the 1930s,the basic framework of American federalism has not been altered,and state governments remain important.
B)Although state governments have grown significantly more powerful since the 1930s,the basic framework of American federalism has not been altered,and the federal government remains important.
C)The growing power of the federal government since the 1930s has fundamentally altered American federalism by rendering state governments obsolete.
D)The growing power of state governments since the 1930s has fundamentally altered American federalism by rendering the federal government obsolete.

Question 60

Who wrote the Supreme Court opinions in both McCulloch v.Maryland (1819)
And Gibbons v.Ogden (1824)?

A)Alexander Hamilton
B)James Madison
C)John Marshall
D)Roger Taney

Question 61

Which event was most influential in triggering the rise of a more active national government?

A)War of 1812
B)Civil War
C)Great Depression
D)Cold War

Question 62

The form of federal assistance called ________ provides money to state governments with
No strings attached.

A)unfunded mandates
B)general revenue sharing
C)block grants
D)categorical grants

Question 63

Using block grants to return power to the states was part of ________ during the Nixon
(1969-1974)and Reagan (1981-1989)administrations.

A)the New Deal
B)the Great Society
C)New Federalism
D)the New Frontier

Question 64

Unfunded mandates are unpopular among people who want to

A)give states and localities the ability to set their own priorities.
B)increase the scope of federal regulations.
C)exercise a strong principle of preemption.
D)eliminate the principle of home rule.

Question 65

________ compels state governments to obey costly federal regulations but does not reimburse
Those costs.

A)A grant-in-aid
B)An unfunded mandate
C)A block grant
D)General revenue sharing

Question 66

The principle of ________ gives the federal government the power to override any state or
Local law in one particular area of policy.

A)cooperative federalism
B)grant-in-aid
C)preemption
D)home rule

Question 67

Which of the following statements best summarizes President Herbert Hoover's views on
Federal action during the Great Depression?

A)It was the federal government's responsibility to alleviate the misery caused by the depression and Congress should finance public-works projects to put people back to work.
B)The federal government was directly responsible for causing the Great Depression and should,therefore,pay reparations to state governments.
C)State governments were directly responsible for causing the Great Depression and should,therefore,pay reparations to the federal government.
D)The federal government could do little to alleviate the misery caused by the depression,and state and local governments should be responsible for responding to the crisis.

Question 68

A federal grant to states specifically to assist in the building of new public schools is an
Example of a ________ grant.

A)categorical
B)formula
C)block
D)general revenue

Question 69

Which president introduced and presided over the New Deal?

A)Herbert Hoover
B)Franklin Roosevelt
C)Dwight Eisenhower
D)Lyndon Johnson

Question 70

"Marble cake federalism" is associated with the

A)increasing political power of local governments over the last two decades.
B)pattern of intergovernmental cooperation that has blurred the lines between the states and the national governments.
C)practice of federal officials bribing their state counterparts with various gifts in order to convince them to follow national standards.
D)confusion that emerged during the 1960s about which layer of government is actually responsible for regulating the national economy.

Question 71

The goal of the Unfunded Mandate Reform Act was to

A)encourage private-sector employers to obey unfunded mandates by offering a series of lucrative tax incentives for timely compliance.
B)give state legislatures veto power over any unfunded mandate passed by the federal government.
C)prevent Congress from ever imposing another unfunded mandate on private-sector employers.
D)limit the costs associated with unfunded mandates by ensuring that Congress knows how much it is expecting of state and local governments and the private sector.

Question 72

In a decision on the Affordable Care Act,the Supreme Court ruled that

A)state governments could decline to expand Medicaid coverage without losing their existing Medicaid funds from the federal government.
B)the federal government could take away a state's Medicaid funds if it refused to expand Medicaid coverage.
C)the federal government had no constitutional authority to spend its tax revenue on health care programs like Medicaid.
D)state governments could not refuse to expand Medicaid coverage because of the supremacy clause of the Constitution.

Question 73

Congressional grants paid for ________ percent of the development of an interstate highway
System after World War II.

A)25
B)50
C)90
D)100

Question 74

An example of ________ federalism is federal officials establishing environmental standards
That every state must follow.

A)cooperative
B)dual
C)regulated
D)"marble cake"

Question 75

An example of ________ is federal officials forcing state officials to implement more stringent
Water pollution regulations.

A)home rule
B)preemption
C)police power
D)the doctrine of states' rights

Question 76

The process by which one unit of government yields a portion of its tax income to another
Unit of government according to an established formula is called

A)general revenue sharing.
B)preemption.
C)means testing.
D)indexing.

Question 77

The number of categorical grants in the United States increased dramatically during the

A)Progressive era.
B)1950s.
C)1960s.
D)1980s.

Question 78

Unfunded mandates were primarily the result of tension between

A)a Republican Congress that wanted to achieve conservative social objectives and Democratic presidents who wanted to increase social spending.
B)a Democratic Congress that wanted to achieve liberal social objectives and Republican presidents who opposed increased social spending.
C)a Supreme Court who wanted to limit the federal government's power and Republican presidents that wanted to expand it.
D)a Supreme Court that wanted to expand the federal government's power and a Democratic Congress that wanted to limit it.

Question 79

Block grants are designed to

A)fund urban improvements on specific city blocks.
B)give the states considerable discretion in how money from the federal government is spent.
C)fund capital improvements in schools.
D)impose strict limits on how state governments can spend money from the federal government.

Question 80

________ is evidenced when national officials fund a project that is actually implemented by
State governments.

A)Dual federalism
B)National supremacy
C)Cooperative federalism
D)Home rule