Deck 25: Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances

Question 1

The arterial blood gas pH = 7.52,PaCO₂ = 30 mm Hg,HCO₃- = 24 mEq/L demonstrates

A) metabolic acidosis.
B) respiratory acidosis.
C) respiratory alkalosis.
D) mixed alkalosis.

Answer 1

respiratory alkalosis.

Question 2

The finding of ketones in the blood suggests that a person may have

A) metabolic acidosis.
B) metabolic alkalosis.
C) respiratory acidosis.
D) respiratory alkalosis.

Answer 2

metabolic acidosis.

Question 3

Fully compensated respiratory acidosis is demonstrated by

A) pH 7.36, PaCO₂ 55, HCO₃- 36.
B) pH 7.45, PaCO₂ 40, HCO₃- 28.
C) pH 7.26, PaCO₂ 60, HCO₃- 26.
D) pH 7.40, PaCO₂ 40, HCO₃- 24.

Answer 3

pH 7.36, PaCO₂ 55, HCO₃- 36.

Question 4

The ________ system compensates for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.

A) gastrointestinal
B) renal
C) cardiovascular
D) respiratory

Question 5

Diarrhea causes

A) respiratory acidosis.
B) respiratory alkalosis.
C) metabolic acidosis.
D) metabolic alkalosis.

Question 6

Which acid are the kidneys unable to excrete?

A) Metabolic
B) Carbonic
C) Bicarbonate
D) Ammonia

Question 7

Two primary acid-base disorders that are present independently are referred to as

A) metabolic acidosis.
B) metabolic alkalosis.
C) respiratory alkalosis.
D) mixed acid-base imbalance.

Question 8

Renal compensation for respiratory acidosis is evidenced by

A) decreased carbon dioxide.
B) elevated carbon dioxide.
C) decreased bicarbonate ion concentration.
D) elevated bicarbonate ion concentration.

Question 9

A person who experiences a panic attack and develops hyperventilation symptoms may experience

A) neuromuscular depression.
B) anxiety acidosis.
C) numbness and tingling in the extremities.
D) acute compensatory metabolic acidosis.

Question 10

The body compensates for metabolic alkalosis by

A) hypoventilation.
B) decreasing arterial carbon dioxide.
C) increasing bicarbonate ion excretion.
D) hyperventilation.

Question 11

Vomiting of stomach contents or continuous nasogastric suctioning may predispose to development of

A) carbonic acid deficit.
B) metabolic acid deficit.
C) metabolic acidosis.
D) carbonic acid excess.

Question 12

Diarrhea and other lower intestinal fluid losses will contribute to

A) metabolic alkalosis.
B) metabolic acidosis.
C) respiratory acidosis.
D) mixed acid-base disorders.

Question 13

Emesis causes

A) respiratory acidosis.
B) respiratory alkalosis.
C) metabolic acidosis.
D) metabolic alkalosis.

Question 14

Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis would result in

A) increased pH, increased HCO₃-.
B) increased pH, decreased HCO₃-.
C) decreased pH, increased HCO₃-.
D) decreased pH, decreased HCO₃-.

Question 15

A person with acute hypoxemia may hyperventilate and develop

A) respiratory acidosis.
B) respiratory alkalosis.
C) metabolic alkalosis.
D) metabolic acidosis.

Question 16

Causes of metabolic acidosis include

A) hyperventilation.
B) massive blood transfusion.
C) tissue anoxia.
D) hypoventilation.

Question 17

Respiratory acidosis is associated with

A) increased carbonic acid.
B) hypokalemia.
C) increased neuromuscular excitability.
D) increased pH.

Question 18

Respiratory alkalosis is caused by

A) hyperventilation.
B) pneumonia.
C) chest muscle weakness.
D) pulmonary edema.

Question 19

Respiratory acidosis may be caused by

A) hyperventilation.
B) massive blood transfusion.
C) tissue hypoxia.
D) hypoventilation.

Question 20

The major buffer in the extracellular fluid is

A) hemoglobin.
B) albumin.
C) bicarbonate.
D) phosphate.

Question 21

Early manifestations of a developing metabolic acidosis include

A) coma.
B) headache.
C) muscle cramps.
D) short and shallow respirations.

Question 22

A patient has been hospitalized several times in 6 months with severe ECV depletion and hypokalemia resulting from chronic laxative abuse.Which blood gas results should be relayed to the physician?

A) pH in high part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaCO₂ normal, bicarbonate normal
B) pH in high part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaCO₂ high, bicarbonate high
C) pH in low part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaCO₂ low, bicarbonate low
D) pH in low part of normal range, PaO₂ normal, PaCO₂ normal, bicarbonate normal

Question 23

A 3-year-old is diagnosed with starvation ketoacidosis.What signs and symptoms should you anticipate in your assessment?

A) Slow, shallow breathing, belligerence, hyperexcitability
B) Slow, shallow breathing, numbness and tingling around his mouth
C) Rapid, deep breathing, lethargy, abdominal pain
D) Rapid, deep breathing, tremors, elevated blood pressure

Question 24

If an individual has a fully compensated metabolic acidosis,the blood pH is

A) high.
B) low.
C) in the normal range.
D) either high or low, depending on the type of compensation.

Question 25

The patient who requires the most careful monitoring for development of metabolic acidosis is a patient who

A) is in the diuretic phase of acute renal failure.
B) has had hypokalemia for over a week.
C) has had diarrhea for over a week.
D) has newly diagnosed Cushing syndrome.

Question 26

Metabolic alkalosis is often accompanied by

A) hypernatremia.
B) hyponatremia.
C) hyperkalemia.
D) hypokalemia.