Deck 15: Incarceration and Prison Society

Question 1

Given adequate financial resources,most experts believe that prisons should include programs that improve the lives of inmates,such as vocational training,remedial education,and work opportunities.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The term jailing is used to describe inmates who try to take advantage of prison programs to better themselves.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Prisons were affected when mental institutions began closing in the 1960s.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In recent years,the number of goods that a prisoner can obtain through legal channels has increased in many prisons.

Question 5

Prisoners serve shorter sentences in the United States in comparison to other Western nations.

Question 6

Compared to prisoners of the past,contemporary prisoners are more likely to have come from urban areas and to have been convicted of drug offenses.

Question 7

There has been a major increase in the number of African American prisoners during the past 30 years.

Question 8

Racial conflict is not a problem in most U.S.prisons.

Question 9

In some states,it is legal for correctional officers to have sex with inmates.

Question 10

In the last two decades,there has been a significant decrease in the number of prisoners over the age of 55.

Question 11

The prison culture for both men and women is violent.

Question 12

In the traditional prison of the big house era,rehabilitation was the primary goal.

Question 13

Correctional officers have few resources or punishments at their disposal to achieve institutional goals.

Question 14

Few prisons have well-developed mental health treatment programs.

Question 15

The power of officers is unlimited.

Question 16

Female correctional officers can only work with female inmates.

Question 17

Female prisoners are more prone to violence than male prisoners.

Question 18

The primary purpose of a prison is to maintain secure custody of offenders.

Question 19

Most inmates serve their terms in isolation cells.

Question 20

Women now comprise nearly one-quarter of the entire U.S.prison population.

Question 21

In the past two decades,the number of persons in prison has

A)stayed the same.
B)greatly increased.
C)greatly decreased.
D)slightly increased.

Question 22

Which Western nation has the most prisoners serving long-term sentences?

A)Canada
B)United States
C)Germany
D)France

Question 23

Which is true regarding the change in the prison population over the last 30 years?

A)There has been a decrease in the number of African Americans.
B)There has been a decrease in the number of Hispanics.
C)There has been no change in the number of Hispanics.
D)There has been an increase in the numbers of African Americans and Hispanics.

Question 24

The model of corrections that emphasizes maintaining the offender's ties to family and community as a method of reform is called the _____ model.

A)custodial
B)rehabilitation
C)reintegration
D)family

Question 25

State legislators always support increases in funding for educational programs within the prison system because of their success in reducing recidivism.

Question 26

The architectural design of a prison can influence the nature of interactions,including opportunities for violence.

Question 27

The Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA),enacted by Congress in 2004,establishes a zero-tolerance standard for the incidence of rape in prison.

Question 28

Prisoners can receive federal funding to attend college.

Question 29

Many states have prioritized the hiring of women and minorities as correctional officers.

Question 30

Which is not a significant problem faced by the modern prison system in America?

A)Racial conflict
B)Mental illness
C)Overcrowding
D)Prisoner-officer violence

Question 31

Gang membership in the prison system is primarily based on race.

Question 32

Prison managers

A)cannot select their own clients.
B)control the release of their clients.
C)do most of the work for their clients.
D)are not dependent on satisfactory relationships between clients and staff.

Question 33

Which is true concerning the history of American correctional institutions?

A)Correctional institutions in the United States have remained constant over time from place to place.
B)Fictional depictions of prisons have been relatively accurate.
C)Counselors and teachers have always been a major part of prison life.
D)It was once common in the South for prisoners to work outside as farm laborers.

Question 34

The convict world has its own norms and values,often described as the "cone of silence."

Question 35

The three lines of staff in a prison are

A)custody,work,and treatment.
B)custody,work,and safety.
C)custody,treatment,and safety.
D)treatment,safety,and rewards.

Question 36

The classification of inmates and the assignment of inmates to various prison programs are always tailored to serve the needs of each individual inmate.

Question 37

Women constitute 7% of the entire U.S.prison population.

Question 38

It is illegal in modern prisons to separate inmates by race,ethnicity,age,and gang affiliation.

Question 39

Prison management refers to keeping,using,and serving inmates.

Question 40

The reintegration model is linked to the structures and goals of community corrections.

Question 41

The factors of total power,rewards and punishments,exchange relationships,and inmate leadership

A)exist only in a few prisons.
B)exist only in state prisons.
C)exist only in federal prisons.
D)make prisons more difficult to govern than other institutions.

Question 42

Which factor distinguishes the governing of prisons from the administration of other public institutions?

A)The defects of power of authority figures
B)Unlimited rewards used by authorities
C)Independence of correctional officers and inmates
D)Weak inmate leadership

Question 43

_______ programs are the most popular type of prison program.

A)Treatment
B)Vocational
C)Educational
D)Industrial

Question 44

Which is true concerning the rate of HIV/AIDS in the prison population compared to the general U.S.population?

A)The rate of AIDS-related deaths in prison is higher than the rate for the general U.S.population.
B)It is connected to increased incarceration of drug offenders.
C)Like that of the general U.S.population,the rate of AIDS-related deaths in prisons has been rising since 2001.
D)It is connected to increased incarceration of sex offenders.

Question 45

Which is true concerning the differences between men's and women's prisons?

A)Women have a more developed hidden economy.
B)Female inmates face more violence and physical confrontations.
C)Female inmates are more committed to the inmate code.
D)Women's prisons are smaller.

Question 46

Prisoners who view their prison terms as brief,inevitable breaks in their criminal careers and simply a cost of doing business are

A)gleaning.
B)jailing.
C)living by the inmate code.
D)doing time.

Question 47

Which type of prison staff is the most numerous?

A)Wardens
B)Custodial employees
C)Investigators
D)Counselors

Question 48

The Bureau of Justice Statistics found that most prisoners are

A)young minority males with less than a high school education.
B)older minority males with a high school education.
C)young minority females with less than a high school education.
D)older white males from organized crime groups.

Question 49

In years past,the standard currency in the prison economy was

A)money.
B)soap.
C)sex.
D)cigarettes.

Question 50

According to John DiIulio,what three elements are characteristic of the quality of prisoners' lives in a good prison?

A)Discipline,punishment,and silence
B)Fun,peace,and entertainment
C)Order,amenities,and services
D)Entertainment,democracy,and free movement

Question 51

Prison administrators are primarily wary of the prison economy because

A)inmate transactions hurt business at the prison store.
B)the prices charged for goods might not be fair.
C)prisoners may steal items from the prison and fight in disputes over transactions.
D)some prisoners are not allowed to participate.

Question 52

Which is true concerning prison programs?

A)They are readily available to prisoners.
B)Legislators are generally eager to support them financially.
C)Having more programs tends to increase hostilities in a prison.
D)Classification of prisoners and assignments of prisoners to programs are often based on the needs of administrators.

Question 53

The size of women's prisons and the number of female prisoners have contributed to

A)a lack of resources devoted to programs and rehabilitation.
B)a culture dominated by gangs.
C)a steady increase in prison violence.
D)the creation of "wall-less" prisons.

Question 54

Which is true concerning the authority of prison officials?

A)The authority of prison officials is unlimited.
B)The authority of prison officials is limited.
C)Prison officials have no authority.
D)The authority of prison officials is limited in state prisons,but unlimited in federal prisons.

Question 55

Often a primary motivation for becoming a corrections officer is the desire to

A)work closely with prisoners.
B)help in the rehabilitation process.
C)use violence on the job.
D)secure a civil service job.

Question 56

The set of rules and values that develops within the prison's social system and guides prisoners' behavior is called

A)jailing.
B)the inmate code.
C)gleaning.
D)machismo.

Question 57

Which is true concerning inmate leadership?

A)Officials were more successful at using inmate leaders to maintain order in the traditional prison of the big house era.
B)Officials are more successful today in using inmate leaders to maintain order than in the past.
C)Officials have easily manipulated inmate leaders to maintain order,both in the big house era and in contemporary prisons.
D)Officials never seek to gain cooperation from inmate leaders.

Question 58

Inmates who spend a lot of time in a library are said to be

A)working the system.
B)bottom feeding.
C)gleaning.
D)jailing.

Question 59

Which can legally be withheld or granted as a reward to a prisoner?

A)Food
B)Medical care
C)Water
D)Good-time credits

Question 60

What strategy do corrections officers employ to gain voluntary cooperation from prisoners?

A)Brute force
B)Withholding food
C)Flexible enforcement of rules
D)Rigid enforcement of rules

Question 61

Warden Smith,who is in charge of a women's state prison,was able to receive grant funding for medical care of her inmates.This is important because female prisoners are more likely than male prisoners to suffer from

A)HIV and AIDS.
B)depression.
C)prostate cancer.
D)brain tumors.

Question 62

The mass closings of mental health facilities,which led to more prisoners with mental illness being incarcerated,began in the

A)1920s.
B)1960s.
C)1980s.
D)2000s.

Question 63

Approximately ________ of correctional officers are members of minority groups.

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%

Question 64

Approximately ________ of state prisoners have not completed their high school education.

A)20%
B)40%
C)60%
D)80%

Question 65

Warden Jones has become concerned that some of her officers are having illicit sexual relations with female inmates.Which of the following actions is the warden likely to take?

A)Increase the supervision of staff members.
B)Decrease the number of female officers.
C)Increase the number of male officers.
D)Restrict privileges for all prisoners.

Question 66

Special efforts have been made to recruit _______ and minority correctional officers.

A)male
B)female
C)educated
D)young

Question 67

Officer Meeks is a correctional officer who has been assigned to the gang unit.The warden governing the prison may ask Officer Meeks to do which of the following to decrease prison violence?

A)Increase his supervision of other staff members.
B)House violence-prone prisoners near relatively defenseless people.
C)Ensure easy access to deadly weapons in case of violence.
D)Maintain a generally high level of tension by keeping inmates in close quarters.

Question 68

The model of corrections that emphasizes maintaining the offender's ties to family and community as a method of reform is called the _____ model.

A)custodial
B)rehabilitation
C)reintegration
D)family

Question 69

Which is not a principle set forth by Warden Dennis Luther for his staff members?

A)Inmates are sent to prison as punishment and not for punishment.
B)Inmates are entitled to a safe and humane environment while in prison.
C)Inmates should be punished harshly.
D)You must believe in man's capacity to change his behavior.

Question 70

Warden Campbell is having a difficult time recruiting qualified correctional officers and maintaining job satisfaction among his current employees.He is working with other wardens in the state to review possible incentives for all correctional staff.He has found that there is a shortage of female and minority staff members.Which is likely not a reason why Warden Campbell is having a difficult time recruiting qualified staff?

A)Low pay
B)Unchanging work routines
C)The difficulty of advancement
D)Inconsistent employment

Question 71

In a typical correctional facility,_____ of inmates are involved in a gang.

A)5%
B)13%
C)24%
D)42%

Question 72

Which is true about prison managers?

A)They have complete control over when their clients will be released.
B)They rely on clients to do much of the institutional maintenance work.
C)They select their clients.
D)They are given incentive pay for successful inmate completion.

Question 73

Warden Campbell is having a difficult time recruiting qualified correctional officers and maintaining job satisfaction among his current employees.He is working with other wardens in the state to review possible incentives for all correctional staff.He has found that there is a shortage of female and minority staff members.Which of the following is likely not a factor for why this is the case?

A)Higher/more competitive salaries
B)A lack of other job opportunities in the area
C)A more violent class of prisoners
D)A lack of training programs for correctional officers

Question 74

Warden Campbell is having a difficult time recruiting qualified correctional officers and maintaining job satisfaction among his current employees.He is working with other wardens in the state to review possible incentives for all correctional staff.He has found that there is a shortage of female and minority staff members.As Warden Campbell tries to prioritize hiring of women and minorities,he needs to be aware that female correctional officers with low levels of job satisfaction will also report greater

A)dissatisfaction with pay.
B)job-related stress.
C)on-the-job injuries.
D)use-of-force claims.

Question 75

Warden Campbell is having a difficult time recruiting qualified correctional officers and maintaining job satisfaction among his current employees.He is working with other wardens in the state to review possible incentives for all correctional staff.He has found that there is a shortage of female and minority staff members.If Warden Campbell's prison is typical of other prisons in the U.S.,minorities represent about ______ of his staff.

A)15%
B)20%
C)25%
D)30%

Question 76

Warden Smith is in charge of a women's state prison.What percentage of Warden Smith's inmates are likely to be pregnant or to have given birth within the last year at the time they enter prison?

A)10%
B)15%
C)25%
D)30%

Question 77

Warden Smith is in charge of a women's state prison.What percentage of Warden Smith's inmates are likely to have a child at home?

A)41%
B)51%
C)61%
D)71%

Question 78

Officer Meeks is a correctional officer who has been assigned to the gang unit.His duties include identifying inmates who have gang ties at the time they are admitted to the prison.Officer Meeks typically interviews the inmates and notes any identifying information,such as tattoos and markings.Recently,Officer Meeks has noticed a large increase in inmates with ties to the Aryan Nation and the Texas Syndicate.Identifying inmates' gang ties allows prison officials to _________ rival gangs by housing them in different units.

A)combine
B)segregate
C)integrate
D)distinguish between

Question 79

Currently,___________ female inmates entering prison have received a high school diploma or GED.

A)less than half of
B)about half of
C)more than half of
D)almost all

Question 80

Inmates who do not break rules are given ______ time.

A)earned
B)good
C)extra
D)program