Deck 8: Early Childhood

Question 1

In the clinic waiting room,a parent is showing an 18-month-old how to build a tower out of blocks.Toddlers:

A) use blocks at this age primarily for throwing.
B) are too young to imitate the behavior of others.
C) are capable of building a tower of blocks.
D) are unable to concentrate long enough to build a tower.

Answer 1

C
During toddlerhood,imitation is one of the most distinguishing characteristics of play.By this age,toddlers have a well-developed reach,grasp,and release and are able to build a tower of three to four blocks.

Question 2

The Portion Plate for Kids placemat can be used as an aid to nutrition because it:

A) introduces a variety of foods.
B) acts as a guide for food intake.
C) is colorful and teaches basic food groups.
D) likens portion sizes to a baseball.

Answer 2

B
The Portion Plate for Kids placemat serves as a guide for portion amounts and is an aid to prevent "supersizing." Portion amounts are likened to the size of a tennis ball.

Question 3

In the instruction about considerations relative to the use of car seats,the health-care worker lists that before a child should be allowed to sit in the front seat of a car,the child should be at least ____ years of age.

A) 8
B) 10
C) 12
D) 13

Answer 3

D
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)recommends that children under the age of 13 should not ride in the front seat of a vehicle.

Question 4

Dental evaluations should start at the age of ____ months.

A) 12
B) 18
C) 24
D) 30

Question 5

Erik Erikson describes the major developmental task of the toddler to be:

A) trust.
B) initiative.
C) autonomy.
D) intimacy.

Question 6

When preparing parents to teach their children about sexuality,the health-care worker should emphasize that they should:

A) treat bodily functions as secret.
B) expect some masturbatory behavior.
C) correct all behavior that involves nudity.
D) limit parental displays of hugging or kissing.

Question 7

Toilet training is dependent on:

A) developing sphincter control.
B) child's desire to stay dry.
C) being rewarded for using the toilet.
D) children using the family toilet when first learning.

Question 8

Although a 14-month-old girl received a shock from an electrical outlet recently,her mother finds her about to place a paper clip in another outlet.The repeated behavior is due to:

A) cognitive development is delayed.
B) memory deficit.
C) inability to understand cause and effect.
D) desire for attention.

Question 9

A 5-year-old boy has been having increasingly more frequent angry outbursts in preschool.For the past 8 to 10 weeks,he had seven episodes of aggressiveness toward the other children and the teachers.The best advice would be to:

A) encourage the parent to try more consistent and firm discipline.
B) explain that this is normal in preschoolers, especially boys.
C) take the child for a professional psychosocial assessment.
D) deprive him of some special treat each time he is aggressive at school.

Question 10

A "time-out" for unacceptable behavior may be effective discipline for children between 1 and 6 years of age if the time-out period is no more than ____ minute(s)per year of child's age.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 11

A 2-year-old should be able to:

A) ride a tricycle.
B) climb stairs reciprocally.
C) run.
D) hop on two feet.

Question 12

Most children use sentences of five words by the age of ____ years.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Question 13

A parent of a 24-month-old boy say that the child has frequent tantrums and that "no" is becoming his favorite word.This behavior:

A) is a response to frustration in gaining autonomy.
B) is an indication of regression.
C) is a signal that he is not effectively coping with stress.
D) shows that he needs more attention.

Question 14

An example of parallel play is a toddler:

A) sitting by himself playing with blocks.
B) sharing a box of crayons with another toddler as they color in the same book.
C) sitting with another toddler playing with toys without interaction.
D) sitting in a circle of other toddlers passing a ball from one to another.

Question 15

When a toddler acquires receptive language skills,the child is able to:

A) understand abstract information.
B) understand simple messages.
C) converse at length.
D) respond with appropriate language.

Question 16

According to Piaget,magical thinking is the belief that:

A) events have cause and effect.
B) God is like an imaginary friend.
C) if the skin is broken, the insides will come out.
D) dolls are real people.

Question 17

When a toddler snatches a toy from another toddler,this behavior is:

A) representative of the aggressive nature of toddlers.
B) typical behavior because toddlers are egocentric.
C) a primitive attempt at sharing.
D) a deliberate behavior the toddler knows to be wrong.

Question 18

According to Kohlberg,the moral task of childhood is learning to:

A) take responsibility.
B) share with others.
C) cooperate with others.
D) recognize religion.

Question 19

When a 3-year-old spills his milk at the dinner table,he can be expected to:

A) clean the spill up immediately.
B) cry because he expects punishment.
C) play in the spilled milk.
D) blame his sibling for the accident.

Question 20

During the preschool period,the emphasis of injury prevention should be placed on:

A) constant vigilance and protection.
B) punishment for unsafe behaviors.
C) education for safety and potential hazards.
D) limitation of physical activities.

Question 21

The parents of a 30-month-old say that their daughter is not talking in short sentences.The most appropriate response is:

A) "Let's make an appointment with your pediatrician for an evaluation."
B) "Children of that age are too young to use short sentences."
C) "You don't need to worry until your child is at least 48 months old."
D) "Your child should have started talking in short sentences by 18 months old."

Question 22

To prepare a preschooler for better human interaction,the parents should help the child learn to:

A) be autonomous.
B) express feelings verbally rather than acting out.
C) avoid conflict.
D) rely on others.

Question 23

Age-appropriate literacy skills for a 24-month-old include the child taking a book and:

A) holding it.
B) looking at pictures.
C) carrying it around the house.
D) pointing at pictures with one finger.

Question 24

The child is involved in fantasy play when the child:

A) puts a string on a toy dog and takes it for a walk.
B) looks at the pictures in a book over and over.
C) uses the sandbox as a sailboat.
D) colors the picture of an apple purple.

Question 25

The activity that is most appropriate for a hospitalized 5-year-old who is allowed to go to the playroom is:

A) joining a group of boys and girls who are playing house.
B) looking at a coin collection that belongs to an 8-year-old.
C) playing alone with a racing car.
D) building a block tower next to another child who is also playing with blocks.

Question 26

The health-care worker guiding parents in selecting a day care facility for their child would emphasize the importance of: (Select all that apply. )

A) licensure.
B) location.
C) student-to-staff ratio.
D) discipline techniques.
E) staff education.

Question 27

Complete myelinization of the brain does not occur until the age of:

A) 5 years.
B) 7 years.
C) 10 years.
D) 12 years.

Question 28

The home health-care worker would assess the indication of sexual abuse in a preschool child if assessments were made of the child's: (Select all that apply. )

A) positioning dolls in sexual positions.
B) excessive sexual curiosity.
C) removing clothes to play nude.
D) playing "doctor."
E) drawing genitals on dolls.

Question 29

The preschool child learns socially acceptable behavior through the use of:

A) punishment.
B) positive reinforcement.
C) restricting privileges.
D) comparing child to role model.

Question 30

Preschool children need a minimum of ____ minutes a day of age-appropriate active play.

Question 31

Children learn to cope by:

A) imitating others.
B) experiencing new situations.
C) asking for help.
D) following parental direction.

Question 32

The toddler is vulnerable to ear infections because:

A) respirations are abdominal.
B) pulse and respiratory rates are slower than in infancy.
C) defense mechanisms are less efficient than during infancy.
D) there is a short, straight internal ear canal leading to the oropharynx.

Question 33

A parent has a 2-year-old in the clinic for a well-child checkup.Which statement by the parent would indicate the need for more instruction regarding child safety?

A) "We locked all the medicines in the bathroom cabinet."
B) "We turned the thermostat down on our hot water heater."
C) "We placed gates at the top and bottom of our stairs."
D) "We're using the car seat belt instead of the car seat now that the baby is older."