Deck 26: India, the Islamic Heart-lands, and Africa, 1800-1945

Question 1

When Britain introduced cheap machine goods into India,the result was

A)a province in Northern India that bordered China.
B)a separation of white masters from untrusted natives.
C)the policy of equality between the native elite and the British.
D)a concentration camp for the reeducation of rebellious natives.

Answer 1

a separation of white masters from untrusted natives.

Question 2

What was the immediate trigger of the Revolt of 1857?

A)the smaller regional principalities in India were united under British control.
B)it led to an extended period of martial law under the East India Company.
C)it symbolizes the beginning of the movement for independence in India.
D)it ended the use of Indian troops in British armies.

Answer 2

it symbolizes the beginning of the movement for independence in India.

Question 3

"Cantonment" in India referred to

A)earned the hatred of the Hindu masses.
B)was the object of assassination attempts by the Muslim populace.
C)enjoyed exhibiting British cultural superiority over the Indians.
D)opposed legal racial discrimination of the Indian population.

Answer 3

opposed legal racial discrimination of the Indian population.

Question 4

In 19th and early 20th century India,Muslims generally

A)being the spiritual father of Pakistan.
B)creating a Muslim college at Aligarh.
C)leading a revival of Hindu culture and learning.
D)supporting violent resistance to British rule in India.

Question 5

Svarāj can best be defined as

A)B.G.Tilak
B)Mohandas Gandhi
C)G.K.Gokhale
D)Jawaharlal Nehru

Question 6

The Raj was the

A)the destruction of Indian craft industries.
B)an increase in employment and standards of living in India.
C)greater political control for regional princes.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 7

Who of the following was not an advocate of gradual reform and self-determination?

A)both violent and passive resistance.
B)passive resistance only.
C)passive resistance at first,then violent resistance.
D)violent resistance only.

Question 8

The Indian National Congress

A)tolerance.
B)self-governance.
C)moderation.
D)intolerance.

Question 9

Sayyid Ahmad Khan is best known for

A)foreign encroachment by Iran.
B)the expulsion of Hindus from India.
C)the separation of Pakistan from India.
D)greater political power for the British.

Question 10

The primary significance of the uprising of 1857 (also called the Sepoy Rebellion)was that

A)paternalistic and patronizing.
B)mutually admiring.
C)racist and exploitative.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 11

Ram Mohan Roy's reforms for British India focused on

A)a cleansing ritual.
B)the worship of idols.
C)the purification of food.
D)the immolation of widows on their husbands' funeral pyres.

Question 12

The Hindu practice of sati refers to

A)educate the brightest citizens first and ignore the rest of the Indian people.
B)educate a group of Indians to act as emissaries between English and Hindi culture.
C)should not educate any Indians for fear of rebellions.
D)force all Indians to learn English and English ways as soon as possible.

Question 13

Thomas Macaulay,an Englishman,suggested that the English

A)period of direct rule by the British in India.
B)local leader of regional kingdoms in India.
C)pilgrimage that Muslims are encouraged to take to Mecca.
D)control over Indian exports exercised by the British East India Company.

Question 14

The attitude of the British towards the Indians can best be described as

A)massive deforestation.
B)the growth of cattle ranching.
C)forced settlement in new regions.
D)spread of settled agriculture.

Question 15

The 19th century economic decline of the Islamic empires can be attributed to

A)purification and strengthening of Islamic belief.
B)modification of Islamic beliefs to better support modernization.
C)mingling of Islamic and Western beliefs.
D)emulation of Western beliefs and practices.

Question 16

British changes to the physical face of India included all of the following except

A)selling the policies of the East India Company to illiterate masses.
B)opposing the British through non-violent means.
C)reasserting traditional Indian rites and religious beliefs.
D)modernizing Indian thought and practices.

Question 17

Tensions between Hindus and Muslims in India eventually led to

A)the end of their status as middlemen between Asia and Europe.
B)increased hostility from nearby European colonies in North Africa.
C)their relative lack of strategic resources desired by Europeans.
D)the rise of China and Japan as major powers.

Question 18

The Marquess of Ripon served as viceroy of India (1880-1884)and

A)supported Hindu separation.
B)promoted regional freedom.
C)promoted nationalist feeling throughout India.
D)stifled Muslim self-determination.

Question 19

According to Gandhi,the path to self-rule includes

A)accepted British ideas and education more readily than did Hindus.
B)were more resistant to change than Hindus.
C)were trusted by the British because of their role in the Sepoy Rebellion.
D)were strong advocates of the National Congress.

Question 20

One arguably positive result of European colonialism has been

A)religious objections to the use of animal grease
B)failure to pay the Indian troops
C)abuse of Indian troops by British commanders
D)desire for self-rule and political emancipation

Question 21

In 19th and 20th century Iran,the ulama

A)that Iran was forced to take on its first foreign debt.
B)that Iran became more independent of Western capital.
C)that the ulama declined as a political force.
D)economic hardship for the bazaari classes.

Question 22

According to the authors,typical Islamic reactions to Western modernity include all of the following except

A)characterized by an emphasis on the unity of the Islamic world.
B)a period of reordering and Western style reforms.
C)dominated by kingdoms held by provincial rulers.
D)a conservative revival of traditional Islamic religious beliefs.

Question 23

According to Tâhâ Hussein,Egypt should partner with Western powers because of

A)desecrated the native tradition.
B)represented a return to Egypt's roots.
C)would have little impact.
D)was a violation of the Shari'a.

Question 24

The primary significance of the 1891 tobacco boycott in Iran was

A)Saudi Arabia
B)Russia
C)the Ottoman Empire
D)Iran

Question 25

In the early 20th century,women in the Middle East asserted their rights in all of the following ways except

A)develop a more truly Muslim society.
B)join with Western nations in accepting "modernity."
C)reduce its foreign exports and increase self-sufficiency.
D)join smaller kingdoms into larger,stronger states.

Question 26

Which of the following movements represents an attempt to blend Western and Islamic ideas?

A)the potential for economic gain.
B)shared religious values.
C)continuous warfare in the Near East.
D)historic ties between the two areas.

Question 27

According to Dan Fodio,Muslim rulers in the past had violated the principles of proper government by all of the following means except

A)pursuing wealth and material rewards.
B)eating forbidden food and drinking forbidden beverages.
C)overtaxing their citizens.
D)fighting unnecessary wars.

Question 28

Jihad movements around the turn of the century influenced Africa to

A)re-ordering period.
B)transformation.
C)time of harmony.
D)era of crushing.

Question 29

Tâhâ Hussein argued that integration of Western ideas into Egyptian society

A)running for political office.
B)removing their veils in public.
C)creating women's congresses.
D)participating in political protests.

Question 30

In the 19th century Ottoman Empire,the Tanzimat era was

A)introduction of a European-style civil code.
B)abolition of the caliphate.
C)abolition of Shi'ite orders.
D)abolition of Arabic script and call to prayers.

Question 31

The Wahhabis emphasized the

A)Wahhabism.
B)pan-Islamism.
C)Arab nationalism.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 32

The event that marked symbolically the onset of European domination of the Islamic heartlands was

A)became an official branch of the Shi'ite government.
B)served as a critical voice against the government.
C)supported cooperation with European powers.
D)promoted modernizing ideas and practices.

Question 33

During the course of the 20th century,which of these Islamic countries chose to reject Western ideas and return to a purified Islamic community?

A)wholesale emulation and adoption of Western ideas.
B)the adoption of terrorist techniques to drive Westerners from Muslim lands.
C)integrative attempts to join Western innovations with Islamic institutions.
D)conservative fundamentalist rejection of everything Western.

Question 34

The end result of the "Great Trek" and Boer expansion was the

A)pursuing wealth and material rewards.
B)eating forbidden food and drinking forbidden beverages.
C)overtaxing their citizens.
D)fighting unnecessary wars.

Question 35

In southern Africa,the kingdom of Lesotho was exceptional because

A)extinction of the Zulu nation.
B)creation of the Orange Free State.
C)establishment of Zimbabwe.
D)end of slavery in south Africa.

Question 36

The Arab Prince Sa'ud was a supporter of

A)the extraction by Western governments of capitulations from indigenous governments.
B)the disunity of the Ottoman Empire.
C)the invasion of Egypt by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1798.
D)Russia winning control of the Black Sea.

Question 37

The best definition of mfecane is

A)emergence of Islam as a political force.
B)creation of several large multi-tribal military states.
C)penetration of European economic interests.
D)abolition of slavery in sub-Saharan Africa.

Question 38

Atatürk's major reforms included all of the following except

A)Wahhabism
B)pan-Islamism
C)Islamism
D)Kemalism

Question 39

In the 19th and early 20th centuries,which Islamic country chose to emulate the West in order to affect its own modernization?

A)Turkey
B)Egypt
C)the Ottoman Empire
D)Iran

Question 40

The mfecane in southern Africa resulted in the

A)Its leader maintained independence through diplomacy.
B)it retained traditional African religions rather than converting to Islam.
C)it came under British control.
D)the monarch was not a Bantu.

Question 41

Discuss the Great Indian Mutiny of 1857.What was the immediate cause? What were the underlying causes? Was the mutiny generalized across geographic areas and social classes? What were the effects of the Mutiny?

Question 42

What effect did Napoleon's invasion of Egypt have on the Islamic world? What were some of the different ways that the Islamic empires confronted the encroachment of Western powers in the Middle East? Which do you think was most successful at meeting the challenge?

Question 43

What factors contributed to the control of Iran by foreign powers? What effect did European imperialism have upon the development of progressive movements in Iran?

Question 44

The major difference between Islamic law and Western law is

Question 45

Discuss Gandhi's role in the Indian independence movement.What was his background? What was the intellectual foundation of his movement? What were the primary ideas in Gandhi's Hind Svarāj? How did they intersect with his belief in Indian self-rule? What would have been the outcome of the Indian independence struggle without Gandhi? What is his legacy beyond India?

Question 46

Many scholars denounce imperialism as a pernicious force that disrupted the development of native culture in Africa.Do you see any positive benefits of European control over Africa? What do you think might have happened differently had European countries not colonized the continent?

Question 47

How did the British develop India economically? What was the prevailing British attitude towards the natives of India? What do you see as the major costs and benefits (if any)of British rule in India?

Question 48

What was the role of African nationalism in resisting foreign control? How did this movement influence new political developments in Africa? What roles did Europeans play in the development of African nationalism?

Question 49

Discuss the new African states and power centers of sub-Saharan Africa before 1870.Why was there a failure to develop a modern state in the area? What was the role of Islam in the development of these political units? What role did trade play in developing an economic base in the region?

Question 50

What was the ideology behind the jihad movement of Usman Dan Fodio? Did this movement have any significant long-term consequences? If so,what were they?

Question 51

In what manner was the Islamic world divided after 1800? How did these divisions influence the arrival of European powers? Why was there a failure of unity against European states after 1855?

Question 52

By World War I,the only African states not under European control were

A)Western law addresses morality.
B)Islamic law is all-encompassing.
C)Western law is based on tradition.
D)Islamic law contains restrictions on dress.

Question 53

Describe the roots of the Indian movement for independence.How were the Indians politically active against the British after 1884? What were the major groups that were attempting to gain power on the continent? What was the final resolution India's quest for independence?

Question 54

The authors present the Mahdist uprising in the Sudan in the 1880s and 1890s as a(n)

A)1850s.
B)1920s.
C)1880s.
D)1900s.

Question 55

How did Western ideologies,cultures,and technologies change Islamic nations? Why were some nations more influenced by Western ideas than others?

Question 56

How did Islamic nationalism affect European colonization in Africa,Asia,and the Near East? How and where did nationalism develop? Why was there only one successful "national" state after 1918 in these regions of the world?

Question 57

What does "the impact of modernity" mean to traditional cultures of the Afro/Asian/Indian world? What was the general reaction of the native populations? Why was the West so successful in imposing its will on these areas of the world?

Question 58

The "scramble for Africa" started to impact large numbers of Africans in the

A)Senegal and Tunisia.
B)Tunisia and Ethiopia.
C)Ethiopia and Liberia.
D)Egypt and Algeria.