Deck 27: Modern East Asia

Question 1

Which of the following best describes China's path to modernization before the May Fourth Movement?

A)Both set about building the modern state in the last quarter of the 19th century.
B)Both experienced sustained economic growth during the early 20th century.
C)Both abandoned Confucianism in favor of Western secular doctrines.
D)Both became militarist states in the 1930s.

Answer 1

Both abandoned Confucianism in favor of Western secular doctrines.

Question 2

The effect of the Great Depression on Japan was

A)isolating the United States.
B)improving its relations with the Soviet Union through the good offices of Germany.
C)inheriting the Southeast Asian colonies of the European countries defeated by Germany.
D)allowing more time for the construction of its navy.

Answer 2

allowing more time for the construction of its navy.

Question 3

The samurai who opposed the Meiji government drew heavily on liberal Western models that had become widely known through the Civilization and Enlightenment Movement and

A)The Japanese will not be able to keep up with other nations' modernization.
B)Japan will lose its culture and history to rapid modernization.
C)There will be a violent backlash to rapid modernization.
D)Modernization will guide Japanese society into an unknown future.

Answer 3

Modernization will guide Japanese society into an unknown future.

Question 4

Which of the following attitudes toward concubines emerged in Japan during the 1870s and 1880s?

A)a third independent party to counter established forces.
B)vocal and effective opposition to the government.
C)the (temporary)end of obstructive party politics.
D)a political voice to the poorer classes in Japan.

Question 5

All of the following are accomplishments of the Meiji government before WWI except

A)the incarnation of the Buddha.
B)a descendant of Confucius.
C)the brother of Jesus.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 6

The Japanese general staff proposed a preemptive strike against the U.S.navy at Pearl Harbor because it

A)the conquest of Korea.
B)the establishment of a Diet.
C)economic development.
D)the conquest of Manchuria.

Question 7

Which event initiated Japanese modernization?

A)give more influence to the samurai.
B)centralize political power.
C)stabilize government revenues.
D)modernize the Japanese economy.

Question 8

By 1935,the Japanese empire included all of the following except

A)the samurai
B)the military
C)the Seiyūkai
D)the industrialists

Question 9

The leader of the Taiping Rebellion claimed to be

A)turmoil and suffering.
B)relative stability and security.
C)conservative support of the emperor.
D)isolation and cultural stagnation.

Question 10

The formation of the Seiyūkai party provided

A)Manchuria.
B)Korea.
C)Taiwan.
D)the Philippines.

Question 11

The period from 1912 to 1949 in China can best be described as a time of

A)benevolent neglect-they turned a blind eye to the illegal trade.
B)nationalist furor-they lashed out against all foreigners who dealt in opium.
C)moral outrage-they cracked down on all opium traders,Chinese and foreign.
D)mercantilist zeal-they encouraged the trade as a means of raising revenue.

Question 12

Zaibatsu is best defined as

A)worked toward a renunciation of the constitution.
B)called for a return to the dynastic system.
C)attempted to stabilize government revenue..
D)campaigned for popular rights.

Question 13

What is novelist Natsume Sōseki's greatest fear for rapid modernization in Japan?

A)ambivalence
B)moral criticism
C)widespread support
D)different attitudes based on region

Question 14

Under the Meiji government,the Japanese saw the West as

A)removal of occupational barriers.
B)removal of internal obstacles to trade.
C)promotion of mechanization and industry.
D)removal of tax burdens.

Question 15

By the 1830s,the attitude of the Chinese government towards the opium trade can best be described as

A)tea.
B)opium.
C)coffee.
D)porcelain.

Question 16

Meiji economic policies included all of the following except the

A)giant industrial operations that combined multiple functions.
B)pilot plant operations that served as schools for labor and engineers.
C)the Japanese railroad system that supported internal markets.
D)foreign banks that subsidized Japanese industry.

Question 17

In the period 1927-1945,which of the following groups saw itself as the true guardian of Japanese traditions and founder of the modern state?

A)negative,causing great unemployment and rural famine.
B)negative,leading to the radicalization of political parties.
C)positive,leading to the growth of industry and new trading partners.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 18

All of the following were goals of the Meiji government except

A)weak and ineffectual.
B)barbaric and uncultured.
C)brutal and oppressive.
D)civilized and enlightened.

Question 19

In which of the following ways was China's development most similar to Japan's?

A)Both set about building the modern state in the last quarter of the 19th century.
B)Both experienced sustained economic growth during the early 20th century.
C)Both abandoned Confucianism in favor of Western secular doctrines.
D)Both became militarist states in the 1930s.

Question 20

The Japanese objectives in signing the Tripartite Pact of 1940 included all of the following except

A)sought control of the oil-rich Dutch East Indies.
B)feared America's land-based air power.
C)feared American superior willpower.
D)had imperialist ambitions in the Americas.

Question 21

The Taipings supported

A)the selfish nature of the rural gentry who led the movement.
B)failure to cultivate Westerners.
C)failure to cultivate secret societies.
D)the leadership not living according to the principles of the movement.

Question 22

The Treaty of Nanjing

A)the Emperor wanted to get in on the English monopoly of the trade in opium.
B)the British were overcharging the Chinese for opium.
C)Chinese opium production had fallen since Britain's monopoly.
D)the British Queen's continual support for a lucrative trade had undermined Chinese society.

Question 23

The term Hermit Kingdom referred to

A)was based on a reinterpretation of Confucianism that allowed more openness.
B)was implemented across sixteen of the eighteen Chinese provinces.
C)aided the career of its originator,Kang Youwei,because of its success.
D)was based on the models of past Chinese emperors.

Question 24

In the 19th century,the major British export from India to China was

A)showed the military weakness of the British army (not the navy).
B)led to the decline and eventual end of the opium trade in China.
C)ended the British monopoly on trade in China.
D)gave Great Britain privileged legal and trading rights in China.

Question 25

Which rebellion began as an organization of bandits?

A)a new industrial base and general economic modernization.
B)China's victory in the Sino-Japanese war of 1905.
C)regional reconstruction and rebuilding projects.
D)the re-assertion of the strength of the Manchu court.

Question 26

The effect of the treaty ports on Chinese economic development can best be described as largely

A)resulted in the restoration of western Mongolia to Chinese control.
B)was disastrous because of backward Chinese weaponry.
C)opened a new era in Chinese relations with the West.
D)strengthened the power of independent nomadic tribes in the area.

Question 27

The Guomindang can best be described as a party promoting

A)Sun Zhongshan.
B)Mao Tsetung.
C)Zhou Enlai.
D)Jiang Jieshi.

Question 28

The Opium War was fought between

A)women's equal status with men.
B)protection of private property.
C)passive resistance.
D)the free trade of opium.

Question 29

According to Commissioner Liu,the Chinese Emperor protested to Queen Victoria because

A)France and Britain over monopolistic control of the opium trade with China.
B)China and Great Britain,because China banned opium.
C)Chinese citizens and the Chinese government in an effort to cleanse the nation.
D)Britain and India over treatment of opium producers.

Question 30

Sun Zhongshan's primary contribution to Chinese history was that he

A)the use of Confucianism as a philosophy of change and reform
B)support for the effectiveness,vitality,and validity of traditional doctrines
C)ti-yong reformism,combining Chinese and Western elements
D)the evaluation of doctrines,new or old,in terms of their efficacy

Question 31

In 1895,the Chinese emperor launched the "one hundred days of reform" that

A)social unrest within China.
B)China's refusal to industrialize and modernize.
C)China's obsolete form of government.
D)European countries' monopolization of its markets.

Question 32

The Western power in control of Vietnam during the 19th century was

A)an independent state founded by a Muslim leader in Chinese Turkestan.
B)a group of ascetic monks who rose in support of the Taiping rebels.
C)a book about the Vietnamese that was popular in Europe during the 19th century.
D)Korea's weakness and lack of foreign ties before the end of the 19th century.

Question 33

The response of the Western powers to China's 1895 defeat was to

A)convinced the conservative Chinese leaders to stop clinging to old ways.
B)demonstrated the futility of reform in China and the power of tradition.
C)showed that the common people of China were more open to foreign influence than the leadership.
D)ended with a much-needed military victory for the Chinese armies.

Question 34

Liang Qichao believed that China's international problems in the nineteenth century were caused by

A)impose economic sanctions on Japan.
B)compete with other Western powers for control of spheres of influence within China.
C)move diplomatically to weaken Russia.
D)provide economic and military support for revolutionary movements within China.

Question 35

China's foreign policy toward Russia in the 19th century

A)Great Britain.
B)France.
C)Portugal.
D)the Netherlands.

Question 36

The Boxer Rebellion of 1900

A)pioneered ti-yong reformism.
B)emphasized the three principles of nationality,livelihood,and rights.
C)promoted a new theory of Marxism in China.
D)instituted extensive military reforms along Western models.

Question 37

The "self-strengthening" movement in China resulted in

A)positive; they used joint partnerships to develop Chinese internal markets.
B)negative; they prohibited Chinese firms or merchants from operating in the ports.
C)positive; they provided the capital and entrepreneurship China had been lacking.
D)negative; they inhibited the development of native industry and trade.

Question 38

Chen Duxiu's 1915 "Call to Youth" urges the youth of China to

A)communism.
B)capitalism.
C)nationalism.
D)fascism.

Question 39

The weaknesses of the Taiping movement included all of the following except

A)Taiping
B)Huan
C)Manchu
D)Nian

Question 40

The May Fourth movement promoted which of the following?

A)reject foreign influences and focus on pure Chinese influences.
B)struggle against conformity and tradition by exercising their own intellect.
C)respect their elders and learn from their experiences.
D)use violence to reform China politically and intellectually.

Question 41

Marxism-Leninism appealed to the Chinese for all of the following reasons except it

A)the Japanese occupation of China
B)the Russian Revolution
C)the Long March
D)the creation of the Jiangxi soviet

Question 42

What were the most important turning points in the shift away from traditional Confucianism towards Western rationality in China? How did this shift affect China's road to modernization? How did this shift contribute to the spread of Marxism-Leninism in China?

Question 43

What were some of the major goals of the Meiji state in Japan? How did some of their programs differ from other reforms in Japanese history? What were the golden years of Meiji?

Question 44

How did political parties operate in Japan? Explain the strengths and weaknesses of the Japanese constitution.

Question 45

What is the importance of the Opium War? How does this conflict help explain British attitudes toward colonial areas? What did the Chinese give up in this conflict? What was the importance of India in relation to the war?

Question 46

How did Japanese intellectuals look at the West? What was their attitude towards modernization? Did the push towards modernization mean the abandonment of Japanese traditional values and identity?

Question 47

Describe the similarities and differences in Chinese and Japanese responses to Western influence.Why was Japan more open to foreign concepts than was China? What was the role of nationalism in shaping the response to the West?

Question 48

Discuss the political situation in Japan from 1853 to 1868.Why was Perry able to make such a dramatic impact on the country? What were the goals of the central government and why did they fail? What influence did the samurai have in this time period?

Question 49

Describe the zaibatsu model.To what extent did the zaibatsu model contribute to the economic success of Japan? Was this system compatible with modern capitalism?

Question 50

The political party behind the Nanjing government was the

A)Jian Jieshi's elimination of the Japanese army.
B)Mao's flight from Jiang in 1934.
C)Mao's vision of his "new" brand of Marxism.
D)the Chinese flight before Japanese invaders in 1937.

Question 51

What was the May Fourth Movement in China? How did this movement reflect the conflict between old and new Chinese thought? What was the importance of national aspiration in this movement?

Question 52

Describe the formation of the Guomindang Party and its influence on Chinese history.Who were its leaders? Why did the Chinese Communist Party leave the organization? In what areas of China did the GMD have its strength? What were the primary reasons for the decline of the Guomindang Party between 1937 and 1949?

Question 53

What is the significance of Japan's victory over Russia in 1905? What does the victory say about the state of the Japanese economy and technology? How did the Russo-Japanese war change the international standing of Japan?

Question 54

The key leader of the Guomindang was

A)New Life Movement.
B)New Youth.
C)Goumindang.
D)Chinese Communist Party.

Question 55

Which event led to the downfall of the Nanjing government and the rise of the Communists?

Question 56

How did Mao Zedong alter communism to fit Chinese society? What were the consequences of this alteration?

Question 57

The "Long March" refers to

A)gave China the potential for rapid economic and social change.
B)promoted rights for industrial workers and the importance of industrial development.
C)blamed China's relative backwardness on Western interference.
D)empowered the Chinese peasantry as a revolutionary class.

Question 58

How and why did Japan become involved in World War II? Why did they suffer defeat in this war? Explain the nature of Japanese fascism and compare it with German Nazism.

Question 59

Compare the effects of World War I and the Great Depression on China and Japan.What were the major outcomes in each country? Which country better weathered the two crises? Which factor or factors do you think best account for their relative success?