Deck 31: Nationalism and Political Identities in Asia, Africa, and Latin America

Question 1

Which of the following Asian countries was part of the "big five" in the League of Nations?

A)Indonesia
B)China
C)Korea
D)Japan
E)Manchuria

Answer 1

Japan

Question 2

In 1928 the Japanese government signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact,which

A)established peace between Japan and China.
B)lowered world tariffs to try to kick-start economic development.
C)renounced war as a tool of national policy.
D)carved up China into zones of control by Western powers and Japan.
E)established an official boundary between China and Japan.

Answer 2

renounced war as a tool of national policy.

Question 3

Which of the following was NOT one of the foundations of Gandhi's preferred methods for changing or improving the Indian state?

A)an attempt to improve the position of the harijans
B)boycotting British goods
C)heavy industrialization
D)passive resistance
E)economic self-sufficiency

Answer 3

heavy industrialization

Question 4

Muhammad Ali Jinnah called for the creation of

A)Pakistan.
B)Iraq.
C)Palestine.
D)Saudi Arabia.
E)Indonesia.

Question 5

Which of the following refers to "land of the pure"?

A)India
B)Soviet Union
C)Korea
D)Pakistan
E)Manchuria

Question 6

The former teacher and librarian that became the leader of the Chinese communist movement was

A)Jiang Jieshi.
B)Sun Yatsen.
C)Shanfei.
D)Mao Zedong.
E)Guomindang.

Question 7

Who launched the Northern Expedition?

A)Sun Yatsen
B)Mohandas Gandhi
C)Jiang Jieshi
D)Puyi
E)Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Question 8

Sun Yatsen's plan for China included all of the following EXCEPT

A)the elimination of privileges for foreigners.
B)the establishment of a communist,totalitarian government.
C)national reunification.
D)economic development.
E)a democratic republican government based on universal suffrage.

Question 9

The May Fourth Movement

A)disguised the beginning of Stalin's great purge of his enemies.
B)was Lenin's shocking free market reform program.
C)perfectly expressed growing Japanese nationalism.
D)galvanized the Chinese against foreign interference.
E)dissolved Gandhi's nonviolent movement into a series of violent uprisings.

Question 10

The founding of the Chinese Communist Party was directly influenced by

A)India.
B)Indonesia.
C)Iraq.
D)Pakistan.
E)the Soviet Union.

Question 11

The nationalist government of China was challenged by all of the following EXCEPT

A)the possibility of a revolution led by Chinese communists.
B)Japanese aggression.
C)economic hardship caused by the Great Depression.
D)local Chinese warlords that controlled a portion of China.
E)communists inspired by the Long March.

Question 12

Maoism was

A)a political ideology that held that the urban proletariat was the foundation for a successful communist revolution.
B)solely an economic policy based on encouraging agrarian growth in China.
C)solely an economic plan that encouraged the growth of industry in China.
D)a political ideology that held that peasants were the foundation for a successful communist revolution.
E)a foreign policy agenda that actively encouraged open relations with democratic Western powers.

Question 13

The most influential organization dedicated to the end of British rule in India was the

A)Muslim League.
B)Pan-Indian Association.
C)Indian National Congress.
D)League of the Fourteen Points.
E)Indian Communist Party.

Question 14

Indian nationals were influenced by

A)Winston Churchill.
B)Woodrow Wilson.
C)Adolf Hitler.
D)Benito Mussolini.
E)Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

Question 15

The India Act of 1937

A)gave total independence to India from Britain.
B)instituted new measures of oppression the British used to quell opposition to their rule in India.
C)gave the institutions of a self-governing state to India,although the British government still exercised overall control.
D)created the Muslim state of Pakistan.
E)provided a clear timetable for the independence of India.

Question 16

Satyagraha was

A)Gandhi's philosophy of passive resistance.
B)the Islamic leader who called for the creation of Pakistan for India's Muslims.
C)the Nazi attack on Jewish shops known as the "night of broken glass."
D)a new artistic movement that flourished after World War I.
E)the Chinese nationalist party headed by Jiang Jieshi.

Question 17

The Great Depression helped lead Japan to

A)institute greater democratic reforms for its government.
B)embrace more western institutions.
C)consult more frequently with other countries on matters of security and economics.
D)turn toward a militaristic government whose goal was the domination of east Asia.
E)a revolution that placed the Japanese Communist Party in power.

Question 18

In the decades following World War I,nationalism in Asia was most powerful in

A)Korea and Japan.
B)China.
C)India.
D)Japan.
E)China and India.

Question 19

The Long March

A)destroyed Mao Zedong's credibility with the Chinese.
B)left Jiang Jieshi in complete control of the Chinese Communist Party.
C)forced Mao Zedong to flee China and hide in the Soviet Union.
D)greatly strengthened Mao Zedong's leadership position.
E)was the final victory for the Guomindang.

Question 20

The Great Depression aggravated the tense situation between Muslims and Hindus in India,in part because

A)Muslims perceived that they were economically controlled by the Hindu majority of India.
B)all British economic assistance went to Hindus rather than Muslims.
C)the Hindu majority of India refused to do business with Muslims.
D)Hindus accused Muslims of being the cause of the depression in India.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 21

During the Long March,Mao Zedong emerged as the leader and principal theoretician of the Chinese communist movement.

Question 22

The "Mukden incident"

A)started active warfare between Chinese nationalists and communists.
B)started the career of Mao Zedong.
C)resulted in the signing of the Sino-Russian Pact.
D)provided Germany with an excuse to send troops into Poland.
E)provided Japan with the fabricated excuse to send troops into Manchuria.

Question 23

Pan-Africanism is an idea that advocated the

A)formation of individual African states whose borders were the same as those established by the European colonial powers.
B)creation of individual African states based solely on religious affiliation.
C)creation of individual African states based on language groups.
D)establishment of Muslim states throughout Africa.
E)unification of all people of African descent around the globe into one African state.

Question 24

In South Africa,how much of the population did whites make up?

A)50 percent
B)20 percent
C)45 percent
D)65 percent
E)15 percent

Question 25

Mexican President ________ nationalized his country's oil industry,thus posing a challenge to the U.S.policy of nonintervention in Latin American affairs.

A)Lázaro Cárdenas
B)Diego Rivera
C)José Carlos Mariátegui
D)Juan Batista Sacasa
E)Anastacio Somoza Garcia

Question 26

Who of the following is most closely associated with the Good Neighbor Policy?

A)Woodrow Wilson
B)Warren Harding
C)Herbert Hoover
D)Theodore Roosevelt
E)Franklin D.Roosevelt

Question 27

During the twenty-five years he spent in South Africa,Gandhi embraced a moral philosophy of tolerance and nonviolence and developed the technique of passive resistance.

Question 28

Manchukuo was the

A)Japanese nationalist leader who led Japan into World War II.
B)Korean leader who vainly fought to push the Japanese out of Korea.
C)Japanese puppet state in the former Manchuria.
D)code name for the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
E)scene of the biggest naval battle in the Pacific during World War II.

Question 29

By the end of World War I,how many people from Africa had served in the French army?

A)500,000
B)385,000
C)480,000
D)610,000
E)450,000

Question 30

Sun Yatsen called for special privileges for foreigners,national reunification,economic development,and a democratic republican government based on universal suffrage.

Question 31

One of the greatest proponents of pan-Africanism was

A)Martin Luther King Jr.
B)Malcolm X.
C)Jomo Kenyatta.
D)Marcus Garvey.
E)Jesse Jackson.

Question 32

Jiang Jieshi launched a political and military offensive known as the Northern Expedition,which aimed to unify the nation and bring China under Guomindang rule.

Question 33

U.S.policies toward Latin America included

A)the New Deal.
B)"dollar diplomacy."
C)the Good Neighbor Policy.
D)the Latin American Assistance Plan.
E)"dollar diplomacy" and the Good Neighbor Policy.

Question 34

Muhammad Ali Jinnah,leader of the Muslim league,proposed two states,one for Hindus and one for Muslims: India and Pakistan.

Question 35

The Allies had invaded German colonies in Africa by

A)1914.
B)1915.
C)1919.
D)1917.
E)1923.

Question 36

After World War I,colonial powers

A)let go of their colonial holdings.
B)gave the colonials the right to vote.
C)shut down exportation.
D)sought to make their colonies dependent on the European economy.
E)granted independence for those colonies that had served during the war.

Question 37

Africans were participants in World War I because

A)they were paid a great deal of money by the Europeans to participate.
B)many believed in the cause of the Entente powers versus the Central powers.
C)many believed in the cause of the Central powers versus the Entente powers.
D)they were bound by colonial ties to European powers.
E)they were paid a great deal of money by the Europeans to participate,and many believed in the cause of the Entente powers versus the Central powers.

Question 38

All of the following in Africa were compelled by European colonial powers to participate in the Great War EXCEPT the

A)British colonies.
B)Spanish colonies.
C)Belgian colonies.
D)French colonies.
E)German colonies.

Question 39

In which of the following groups did ideas regarding African nationalism germinate?

A)peasants
B)veterans of World War I
C)new elite
D)laborers
E)women

Question 40

In South Africa,how much land was reserved for the whites?

A)88 percent
B)50 percent
C)95 percent
D)82 percent
E)68 percent

Question 41

Examine the evolution of Indian nationalism.What role did Gandhi play in the process? What were his main ideas? What made the Indian situation so complicated with regard to forging a sense of national unity and achieving independence?

Question 42

The pressures of the Great Depression led to a reassessment of U.S.foreign policy in Latin America during the 1920s and 1930s;and this revamped approach became known as the "Good Neighbor Policy."

Question 43

Study the excerpt from Marcus Garvey regarding "Africa for Africans" .How does Garvey convey to his listeners the need for African independence? How does he believe African independence can be accomplished?

Question 44

Latin American nationalism developed from the struggle of the region's indigenous populations with neocolonialism.What is neocolonialism? How did it manifest itself in Latin America,and what was its impact on the evolution of Latin American nationalist identity?

Question 45

Africa's new elite were Europeans who came to Africa after the Great War,attained high-ranking offices,and helped Africans gain independence.

Question 46

It is President Theodore Roosevelt that argued that the United States should substitute "dollars for bullets" in its foreign policy.

Question 47

The efforts of European colonial powers to consolidate their political control over Africa in the years following World War I contributed to African domestic unrest that spurred nationalist movements.What were some of these measures? What specifically made them detrimental to the Africans?

Question 48

Compare and contrast Indian and Chinese nationalism.In what ways did they differ? What were the main threats to each? Which would be more successful?

Question 49

Widespread Mexican migration to the United States during and after the Great War suggested the attractiveness of the United States for at least some Latin Americans.

Question 50

Nationalism in Africa did not emerge in only one form.Who were some of the leaders of African nationalism and what were some of the different approaches they took toward establishing African national identity and ultimately an Africa independent of European influence?

Question 51

Two political factions dominated Japanese politics after World War I: those that favored international involvement,and the militarists.What values and interests did each represent? What advantages did each have?

Question 52

What was the status of India within the British empire after World War I? What were some of the sources of tension in India at this time?

Question 53

Look at the pictures of Jiang Jieshi and Mao Zedong on page 602.What were their main philosophies? What was their relationship to Sun Yatsen? How did they influence Chinese history?

Question 54

Examine Map 31.1,The struggle for control in China,1927-1936.What was the role of the Chinese Communist Party and the Guomindang in the development of Chinese nationalism? What role did the Long March play in the career of Mao Zedong?

Question 55

Two warring factions emerged in China between the wars: the Nationalists and the Communists.What values and interests did each represent? What advantages did each have?

Question 56

Why did Mao champion the peasants as a revolutionary force? Why was this proposal so radical? Compare Mao's philosophy to that of Marx and Lenin.

Question 57

Examine the struggle for political stability in China in the 1920s and 1930s.What role did Sun Yatsen play in this process? Compare and contrast the political philosophies of Jiang Jieshi and Mao Zedong.

Question 58

Examine U.S.President Woodrow Wilson's concept of the self-determination of nations.Why did it have such a profound impact,in the years following World War I,on Asia,Africa,and Latin America? How,specifically,did it contribute to the rise of nationalism and political identities in Asia,Africa,and Latin America?

Question 59

The United States intervened militarily in Mexico when Mexican president Lázaro Cárdenas nationalized the oil industry in March 1938.

Question 60

Examine Map 31.1,The struggle for control in China,1927-1936.What were the main groups contesting for control of China? What threat did the Japanese represent to Chinese independence?

Question 61

What factors caused Africans to challenge European authority during the Great War?

Question 62

Explain the role of the United States and the financial interests of U.S.businesses in the evolution of economic imperialism in Latin America.

Question 63

To what extent was the continent of Africa transformed by the Great War? What circumstances caused changes to occur,and what was the nature of those changes?

Question 64

Looking at the careers of artist Diego Rivera and entertainer Carmen Miranda,discuss how popular culture related to international politics and diplomacy between the United States and Latin America during the decades after the Great War.