Deck 21: Radiology and Nuclear Medicine

Question 1

The vertical plane that divides the body into right and left portions is the _______________ plane.

Answer 1

Sagittal
Explanation: The sagittal plane is the vertical plane the divides the body into right and left portions. The word breaks down into the suffix -al meaning pertaining to, and the root sagitt- meaning arrow.

Question 2

Agents such as barium sulfate and iodine, which can be administered orally, rectally, intravenously, or in an artery to enhance the real-time imaging of dynamic processes in blood vessels, or peristalsis in the GI tract are called ______________________________ agents.

Answer 2

Radiocontrast
Explanation: Radiocontrast agents make structures stand out in x-ray imaging. The word breaks down into the two suffixes -st meaning to stand, and -contra meaning against, and the root/combining form radi/o meaning radiation.

Question 3

The medical specialty that uses imaging techniques to diagnose and treat disease which can be visualized within the human body is ____________________________________.

Answer 3

Radiology
Explanation: Radiology is a medical specialty that uses imaging techniques to diagnose and treat disease which can be visualized within the human body. The word breaks down into the suffix -logy meaning study of, and the root/combining form radi/o- meaning radiation.

Question 4

The word which means a line of central support and comes from the Greek meaning central support is

A)algorithm
B)coronal
C)axis
D)sagittal
E)vertebral

Question 5

The most commonly used tracer for the destruction of thyroid tissues is

A)Gallium-67
B)Thallium-201
C)Iodine-123
D)Technetium-99m
E)Iodine-131

Question 6

Which body substance is most radiolucent?

A)Bone
B)Fat
C)Muscle
D)Water
E)Air

Question 7

The record produced by an x-ray imaging of the breast is called a

A)mammograph
B)mammogram
C)mammography
D)mastogram
E)mastograph

Question 8

A patient is scheduled for an oblique chest x-ray. This means that the

A)x-rays travel at an angle through the chest
B)x-rays travel from the back to the front of the chest
C)x-rays travel from the front to the back of the chest
D)x-rays travel through the chest from one side to the other
E)x-rays travel through the body from the head to the tail

Question 9

The use of high frequency sound waves to visualize soft tissue structures in the body functioning in real time is called a(n)

A)CT scan
B)ultrasound
C)MRI
D)teleradiology
E)interventional radiology

Question 10

The transmission of radiographic digital images from one location to another for interpretation by a radiologist is called

A)interventional radiology
B)teleradiology
C)digital radiography
D)fluoroscopy
E)radiotherapy

Question 11

In the word tomography, the root means

A)writing
B)section
C)cut
D)process of recording
E)cross

Question 12

The root/combining form in the word claustrophobia means

A)pertaining to
B)closet
C)fear
D)confined space
E)nourishment, development

Question 13

The person who operates ultrasound imaging devices to produce diagnostic images is a

A)radiologic technician
B)nuclear medicine technologist
C)radiologist
D)sonographer
E)radiologic assistant

Question 14

The vertical plane that divides the body into front and back portions is the _______________ plane.

A)Sagittal
B)Axial
C)Midsagittal
D)Coronal
E)Transverse

Question 15

The term that refers to the use of a minimally invasive procedure for both diagnostic purposes and for treatment is

A)fluoroscopy
B)ultrasound
C)interventional radiology
D)teleradiology
E)digital radiography

Question 16

PET images can be fused with _________ and __________images to improve diagnostic accuracy.

A)CT, MRI
B)CT, Ultrasound
C)MRI, SPECT
D)Scintigraphy, Ultrasound
E)IR, Ultrasound

Question 17

The imaging technique which uses strong magnetic fields to produce cross-sectional images is a(n)

A)IR
B)CT
C)DR
D)MRI
E)MLO

Question 18

X-rays, like light and radio waves, are a form of _______________________radiation.

Question 19

In the word craniocaudal, the root means

A)skull
B)head
C)tail
D)pertaining to
E)spine

Question 20

The root/combining form in the word ultrasonography means

A)noise
B)process of recording
C)sound
D)higher, beyond
E)hearing

Question 21

The terms Gamma Knife, Cyberknife, Tomotherapy, and Truebeam are brand names for which of the following type of radiation therapy?

A)Conventional external beam radiation therapy
B)Stereotactic radiation therapy
C)3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy
D)Intensity-modulated radiation therapy
E)Proton beam therapy

Question 22

A particle of light or other electromagnetic radiation that comes from the Greek meaning light is

A)Proton
B)Positron
C)Tracer
D)Photon
E)Scintigraphy

Question 23

A type of x-ray therapy that would be used on a patient whose tumor is wrapped around a vulnerable structure such as a blood vessel or major organ is

A)Intensity-modulated radiation therapy
B)3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy
C)Stereotactic radiation
D)Proton beam therapy
E)Conventional external beam radiation therapy

Question 24

The root in the word hypofractionation means

A)first
B)process
C)short
D)cutting
E)broken

Question 25

Which of the following statements correctly describes how ionizing radiation works?

A)Ionizing radiation kills the cell.
B)Ionizing radiation damages the DNA of tissues exposed to it.
C)Ionizing radiation makes the cell more susceptible to the effects of chemotherapy.
D)Ionizing radiation prevents the cell from multiplying.
E)Ionizing radiation weakens the cell making it susceptible to phagocytosis.

Question 26

The suffix -ide means

A)pertaining to
B)process
C)abnormal condition
D)death
E)having a particular quality

Question 27

The branch of medical imaging that uses radioactive material to pinpoint molecular activity within the body to diagnose and treat a variety of diseases is called ____________________.

Question 28

In the word brachytherapy, the prefix means

A)short
B)medical treatment
C)upper arm
D)implanted
E)broken

Question 29

A physician with specialized training in obtaining and interpreting medical images is a _____________________________.

Question 30

The image produced by exposure to x-rays is called a

A)radiologist
B)radiographer
C)radiotherapy
D)radiograph
E)radiogram

Question 31

A type of nuclear medicine therapy involves fusing a monoclonal antibody with a radioactive material which is injected into a patient's blood stream. The antibody travels to and binds to the cancer cells, delivering a high dosage of radiation directly to the cells in the cancer. This type of therapy is called

A)Proton beam therapy
B)Brachytherapy
C)Radioimmunotherapy
D)Stereotactic radiation
E)Intensity-modulated radiation therapy

Question 32

The prefix in the word mediolateral means

A)slanting
B)middle
C)pertaining to
D)side
E)movement

Question 33

The most radiopaque material in the body is

A)the liver
B)the lung
C)bone
D)fat
E)water

Question 34

Which of the following statements correctly describes how normal tissues are protected from the harmful side effects of x-rays?

A)Lead aprons are placed around the area that is to be irradiated.
B)Larger doses of radiation are given in a shorter period of time.
C)Narrow radiation beams are aimed at several angles to intersect at the target tumor.
D)Smaller doses of radiation are given over a longer period of time.
E)Radiation is given in cycles, 3 weeks on and one week off, to allow tissues to heal.

Question 35

The root/combining form stere/o means

A)sound
B)three-dimensional
C)first
D)light
E)two-dimensional

Question 36

The root in the word stereotactic means

A)three-dimensional
B)short
C)orderly arrangement
D)pertaining to
E)feeling

Question 37

The root in the word monoclonal means

A)identical
B)one, single
C)cutting
D)pertaining to
E)orderly arrangement

Question 38

Themost common tracer used in 85% of all nuclear medicine imaging including bone scans, liver scans, renal function studies, and for labeling RBCs is

A)18F-FDG
B)Thallium-201
C)Technetium-99m
D)Gallium-67
E)Indium-111

Question 39

Which of the following statements regarding radiation doses delivered to a patient during a nuclear medicine procedure is correct?

A)The risk of developing cancer is great, therefore these procedures should be avoided during the childbearing years.
B)The drugs are excreted through the kidneys and liver, therefore they are not used in patients with significant liver and kidney disease.
C)The drugs cause numerous side effects and damage to surrounding structures.
D)The drugs decay and are excreted through urine and stool.
E)The patient is radioactive for up to one month following the procedure and must limit contact with children.

Question 40

The physician orders a chest x-ray on a patient where the x-rays travel from a front source to an image receiver placed behind the patient. The abbreviation for this type of x-ray is

A)DR
B)CC
C)AP
D)PA
E)MLO

Question 41

The most common type of cancer treated with proton beam therapy is _______________ cancer.

A)colon
B)breast
C)prostate
D)uterine
E)brain

Question 42

The root/combining form angi/o means

A)artery
B)blood vessel
C)vein
D)heart
E)before

Question 43

The suffix in the word angioplasty means

A)rupture
B)suture
C)formation
D)to examine
E)surgical excision

Question 44

The reason why health professionals working in radiology wear film badges is

A)to identify them as working in that department.
B)to protect them from the harmful effects of radiation.
C)to detect and record the amount of radiation to which they are exposed.
D)to record how many x-rays the individual has taken every day.
E)to initiate operation of the x-ray machine by swiping the film badge on the machine.

Question 45

Aprons used to protect patients and technicians from receiving unwanted radiation are made from

A)iron
B)tin
C)aluminum
D)asbestos
E)lead

Question 46

The root/combining form that means x-ray beam is

A)radi/o
B)angi/o
C)coron/o
D)fluor/o
E)stere/o

Question 47

The suffix in the word fluoroscopy means

A)to examine
B)instrument
C)formation
D)pertaining to
E)to stand

Question 48

The suffix in the word radiotherapist means

A)the study of
B)pertaining to
C)specialist
D)radiation
E)treatment

Question 49

Another name for a radioactive drug is a _________________________________.

Question 50

The term used to describe a substance that spontaneously emits alpha, beta, or gamma rays is

A)radiopaque
B)radiolucent
C)ionizing
D)radioactive
E)electromagnetic

Question 51

The tracer used for myocardial perfusion scans in stress tests is

A)Gallium-67
B)Thallium-201
C)Indium-111
D)18F-FDG
E)Technetium-99m

Question 52

The root in the word scintigraphy means

A)spark
B)light
C)process of recording
D)short
E)broken