Deck 21: The Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives

Question 1

The leaves of spike mosses and quillworts have an appendage called a

A) stipule.
B) bract.
C) gland.
D) ligule.
E) lobe.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is considered to be a likely ancestor of the club mosses?

A) Zosterophyllum
B) Psilotum
C) Tmesipteris
D) Equisetum
E) Isoetes

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In the bryophytes the _________________ plant persists in the seedless vascular plants it is the ____________ plant that predominates.

A) gametophyte: sporophyte
B) sporophyte; gametophyte
C) gametophyte; gametophyte
D) sporophyte; sporophyte
E) zygospore; prothallus

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following probably did NOT occur when a shift from aquatic to terrestrial habitats took place millions of years ago?

A) Sterile jackets of cells developed around gametangia.
B) Embryos developed within protective tissues.
C) A cuticle appeared.
D) Chlorophyll appeared.
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 5

Within the seedless vascular plant group, the relationship of ______________ to the ferns and other fern allies is unresolved.

A) tree ferns
B) flowering plants
C) whisk ferns
D) hornworts
E) liverworts

Question 6

The common name for Lycopodium is "ground pine".The common name is based on the appearance of the _________ which resembles little conifer trees.

A) megaphylls
B) gametophyte
C) sporophylls
D) cones and seed
E) sporophyte

Question 7

The so-called fern allies (relatives of ferns)include several phyla of plants related to ferns.Which of the following belongs to this group?

A) club mosses
B) hornworts
C) liverworts
D) tree ferns
E) lichens

Question 8

Enations are small, flattened green veinless protuberances found on the stems of

A) club mosses.
B) horsetails.
C) quillworts.
D) true mosses.
E) whisk ferns.

Question 9

Lycopod sporangia are produced on the upper surface of modified leaves called

A) gametophylls.
B) microphylls.
C) enations.
D) sporophylls.
E) megaphylls.

Question 10

The gametophytes of which of the following are saprobic?

A) club mosses
B) horsetails
C) quillworts
D) true mosses
E) whisk ferns

Question 11

The spores of which of the following were used at one time for flashlight powder in photography and the theater?

A) ferns
B) club mosses
C) true mosses
D) quillworts
E) horsetails

Question 12

In nature asexual propagation of ground pines (Lycopodium)may take place by means of which of the following?

A) gemmae
B) root divisions
C) bulbils
D) corms
E) cladophylls

Question 13

Whisk ferns produce sporangia on the upper surface of leaf-like flaps of tissue called _________.

A) gametophylls
B) microphylls
C) enations
D) sporophylls
E) megaphylls

Question 14

A fundamental distinction between club mosses (Lycopodium)and spike mosses (Selaginella)involves differences in their

A) roots.
B) stems.
C) habitats.
D) chlorophyll.
E) spores.

Question 15

A spike moss microspore has the potential to develop into which of the following?

A) female gametophyte
B) male gametophyte
C) sporophyte
D) protonema
E) none of these answers are correct

Question 16

Living spike mosses and quillworts produce ______________, a reproductive feature referred to as ________.

A) two types of spores; heterospory
B) one type of spore; monospory
C) large leaves; megaphylly
D) nonflagellated sperm cells; motile reproduction
E) woody stems; arboreal

Question 17

One of the significant adaptations to prevent drying out in the land environment was the development by vascular plants of (a)

A) leaf system.
B) cuticle.
C) stomata.
D) flowering system.
E) both [cuticle and stomata] are correct.

Question 18

Sporophylls are

A) leaves that bear sporangia.
B) insects that consume spores.
C) special spores of quillworts.
D) photosynthetic sporangia.
E) spore mother cells of horsetails.

Question 19

Ancient land plants are thought to be derived from

A) brown algae.
B) green algae.
C) cyanobacteria.
D) bacteria.
E) bryophytes.

Question 20

Which of the following has neither true leaves nor true roots?

A) club mosses (Lycopodium)
B) whisk ferns (Psilotum)
C) spike mosses (Selaginella)
D) horsetails (Equisetum)
E) ferns

Question 21

A favorite growing medium for orchid growers comes from

A) fern fronds.
B) fern "bark."
C) dried club mosses.
D) dried horsetail stems.
E) quillwort leaves.

Question 22

The antheridia of ferns are usually located

A) around the apical notch of the prothallus.
B) within a sorus on a frond.
C) among the rhizoids on the prothallus.
D) in the axils of rhizome scales.
E) around the margins of the prothallus.

Question 23

Cannel coal is fossilized

A) fern spores.
B) fern stems.
C) horsetail and club moss spores.
D) horsetail stems.
E) club moss stems.

Question 24

The fern gametophyte is typically _____________________.

A) large and long-lived
B) nonphotosynthetic and saprobic
C) attached to the sporophyte
D) small and photosynthetic
E) used in landscaping

Question 25

People have used ferns for which of the following purposes?

A) To reduce indoor air pollution.
B) Landscaping.
C) Drugs to promote urination (diuretics).
D) Food.
E) All of these.

Question 26

The substance in horsetail stems that makes them suitable for scouring is

A) magnesium salts.
B) silica.
C) calcium carbonate.
D) table salt.
E) potassium chloride.

Question 27

Archegonia and antheridia are structures where _____________ are produced.

A) spores
B) elaters
C) gametes
D) sporoctyes
E) peristomes

Question 28

Air tubes located between the ribs of horsetail (Equisetum)stems are called

A) central canals.
B) carinal canals.
C) vallecular canals.
D) aerenchyma canals.
E) none of these answers are correct.

Question 29

Primitive plants, which are believed to be the ancestors of present-day ferns, appeared during which of the following geological periods?

A) Devonian
B) Carboniferous
C) Ordovician
D) Permian
E) Cretaceous

Question 30

Bryophytes, ferns and fern allies all require _________________ for sexual reproduction because the sperm cells ______________.

A) pollinators; depend on animals for distribution
B) wind currents; depend on wind for gamete distribution
C) surface water; swim to the egg cell
D) dry conditions; must be dry before they fertilize egg cells
E) none of these

Question 31

Which of the following have stems as their principal site of photosynthesis?

A) club mosses
B) spike mosses
C) whisk ferns
D) horsetails
E) more than one of these answers are correct

Question 32

Leaves with more than one vein and a leaf trace are generally classified as

A) compound leaves.
B) megaphylls.
C) simple leaves.
D) pinnate leaves.
E) microphylls.

Question 33

Carinal and vallecular canals are found in the stems of

A) true ferns.
B) club mosses and ground pines.
C) horsetails.
D) quillworts.
E) whisk ferns.

Question 34

The semi-transparent tissue that protects immature sporangia in many ferns is called a/an

A) indusium.
B) jacket.
C) sporophyll.
D) soral coat.
E) sorus.

Question 35

In ferns, meiosis occurs in this structure.

A) sporangium
B) gametophyte
C) frond
D) rhizome
E) sporophyte

Question 36

Which pair of plants is placed in the same phylum?

A) Selaginella and Tmesipteris
B) Isoetes and Psilotum
C) Psilotum and Tmesipteris
D) Lycopodium and Equisetum
E) Lycopodium and Psilotum

Question 37

In ferns an annulus is directly and intimately associated with a/an

A) frond.
B) rhizome.
C) adventitious root.
D) sporangium.
E) prothallus.

Question 38

Which of the following unrelated structures function according to changes in humidity?

A) elaters of liverworts
B) elaters of horsetails
C) moss peristomes
D) all of these are correct
E) none of these answers are correct

Question 39

Botanists who study fossil plant materials in their research are known as

A) spelunkers.
B) plant historians.
C) phycologists.
D) geobotanists.
E) paleobotanists.

Question 40

The fossilized dungs of prehistoric animals and humans are called

A) compressions.
B) petrifactions.
C) casts.
D) coprolites.
E) molds.

Question 41

Fern fronds are often subdivided into pinnae.

Question 42

Ferns are distinguished from their relatives by having megaphylls.

Question 43

The annulus of a fern sporangium functions in spore dispersal.

Question 44

Both antheridia and archegonia are found on the same gametophyte in a species that is heterosporous.

Question 45

The prothalli of ferns normally produce rhizoids.

Question 46

Quillworts have no stems.

Question 47

Ferns and fern allies are larger than the bryophytes because ferns and fern allies have water and food conducting systems.

Question 48

_______________ are an excellent place to find fossils of ferns and fern allies.

A) Volcanic deposits
B) Limestone rocks
C) Diatomaceous earth
D) Sandstone rocks
E) Coal mines

Question 49

The image of a compression fossil is called an imprint.

Question 50

The leaves of both club mosses and quillworts are microphylls.

Question 51

Embryos are not produced by ferns, only spores.

Question 52

Ferns produce seeds but no spores.

Question 53

Uncompressed rocklike fossils in which the original cell structure has been preserved are

A) molds.
B) petrifactions.
C) casts.
D) unaltered fossils.
E) imprints.

Question 54

Many seedless vascular plants have underground horizontal stems from which aerial shoots arise.

Question 55

Whisk ferns consist primarily of stems.

Question 56

Tmesipteris is a close relative of whisk ferns.

Question 57

Equisetum belongs to a group of plants called "pig tails".

Question 58

Ancient relatives of both club mosses and horsetails were large and treelike.

Question 59

Leaves that bear sporangia are called sporophylls.

Question 60

A petrifaction is a fossil in which the preserved organism is found in an unaltered state.

Question 61

Enations and microphylls have the same basic anatomy; however, enations are smaller that microphylls.

Question 62

The soft coal, cannel, consists primarily of carbonized spores of giant horsetails and club mosses.