Deck 24: The New Deal Key

Question 1

The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 established

A) None of these answers is correct.
B) both the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Securities and Exchange Commission.
C) the Federal Reserve Board in Washington.
D) the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
E) the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Answer 1

the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

Question 2

During President Franklin Roosevelt's early days in office,

A) he attempted to hold the Hoover administration accountable for the economic crisis.
B) he rapidly constructed an ambitious and diverse program of legislation to address the economic crisis.
C) the American people concluded the economy was not as bad off as they once had believed.
D) he showed a relative lack of interest in taking on the economic crisis directly.
E) he believed the Depression was largely over.

Answer 2

he rapidly constructed an ambitious and diverse program of legislation to address the economic crisis.

Question 3

During the first year of the National Recovery Administration,

A) large producers consistently dominated the code-writing process.
B) industrial production rose.
C) All these answers are correct.
D) both of these occurred: industry saw prices decline, and industrial production rose.
E) industry saw prices decline.

Answer 3

large producers consistently dominated the code-writing process.

Question 4

The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933

A) provided farmers with free seed and fertilizer.
B) set minimum prices for retailers purchasing farm products.
C) created government warehouses where farmers could store their crops and use them as collateral.
D) offered financial incentives to farmers who improved their production yields.
E) sought to raise crop prices by paying farmers not to plant.

Question 5

The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 established

A) both the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Securities and Exchange Commission.
B) the Federal Reserve Board in Washington.
C) the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
D) the Securities and Exchange Commission.
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 6

Beginning in 1933,the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

A) prevented banks from speculating irresponsibly.
B) gave the government authority to transfer the funds of failing banks to strong banks.
C) protected the assets of bank depositors up to $2,500.
D) offered financial protection for stock investors.
E) protected banks from failing.

Question 7

The Agricultural Adjustment Act

A) failed to improve farm prices.
B) favored small farm operations over large ones.
C) was declared unconstitutional in large part by the Supreme Court.
D) protected tenant farmers.
E) fostered further instability in the agricultural economy.

Question 8

The Economy Act of 1933

A) provided an infusion of cash into the economy.
B) proposed to balance the federal budget partly by cutting government workers' salaries.
C) gave immediate pensions to retired war veterans.
D) gave the government authority to curb irresponsible speculation by banks.
E) ordered all federal agencies to cut their workforce by ten percent.

Question 9

To oversee activities in the stock market,in 1934 Congress established the

A) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
B) Federal Emergency Relief Association.
C) Federal Reserve Board.
D) Securities and Exchange Commission.
E) Glass-Steagall Act.

Question 10

The Economy Act of 1933

A) gave immediate pensions to retired war veterans.
B) ordered all federal agencies to cut their workforce by ten percent.
C) provided an infusion of cash into the economy.
D) proposed to balance the federal budget partly by cutting government workers' salaries.
E) gave the government authority to curb irresponsible speculation by banks.

Question 11

In 1933,two days after he took office,President Franklin Roosevelt

A) sent the National Industrial Recovery Act to Congress.
B) closed all banks for a short period.
C) took the country off the gold standard.
D) ended prohibition.
E) presented to Congress a relief plan for the unemployed.

Question 12

During President Franklin Roosevelt's early days in office,

A) he rapidly constructed an ambitious and diverse program of legislation to address the economic crisis.
B) the American people concluded the economy was not as bad off as they once had believed.
C) he showed a relative lack of interest in taking on the economic crisis directly.
D) he believed the Depression was largely over.
E) he attempted to hold the Hoover administration accountable for the economic crisis.

Question 13

The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933

A) sought to raise crop prices by paying farmers not to plant.
B) set minimum prices for retailers purchasing farm products.
C) offered financial incentives to farmers who improved their production yields.
D) created government warehouses where farmers could store their crops and use them as collateral.
E) provided farmers with free seed and fertilizer.

Question 14

In 1933,two days after he took office,President Franklin Roosevelt

A) took the country off the gold standard.
B) ended prohibition.
C) sent the National Industrial Recovery Act to Congress.
D) presented to Congress a relief plan for the unemployed.
E) closed all banks for a short period.

Question 15

The Tennessee Valley Authority of 1933

A) saw private farmers and business leaders dominate its planning process.
B) was one of the costliest failures of the Roosevelt administration.
C) was headed by former electricity magnate Samuel Insull.
D) was an experiment in regional planning by the federal government.
E) was the most controversial program of the early New Deal.

Question 16

The New Deal program that created utility cooperatives for rural Americans was the

A) Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act.
B) Rural Electrification Administration.
C) Resettlement Administration.
D) Civilian Conservation Corps.
E) Farm Security Administration.

Question 17

The Agricultural Adjustment Act

A) failed to improve farm prices.
B) was declared unconstitutional in large part by the Supreme Court.
C) fostered further instability in the agricultural economy.
D) protected tenant farmers.
E) favored small farm operations over large ones.

Question 18

Beginning in 1933,the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

A) protected the assets of bank depositors up to $2,500.
B) prevented banks from speculating irresponsibly.
C) offered financial protection for stock investors.
D) gave the government authority to transfer the funds of failing banks to strong banks.
E) protected banks from failing.

Question 19

To oversee activities in the stock market,in 1934 Congress established the

A) Glass-Steagall Act.
B) Federal Reserve Board.
C) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
D) Federal Emergency Relief Association.
E) Securities and Exchange Commission.

Question 20

The National Recovery Administration of 1933 did all of the following EXCEPT

A) increase competition between companies.
B) make child industrial labor illegal.
C) set price and wage floors for most major industries.
D) set a standard for the maximum hours one could work in a week.
E) establish a minimum wage for labor.

Question 21

The National Recovery Administration of 1933 did all of the following EXCEPT

A) establish a minimum wage for labor.
B) set a standard for the maximum hours one could work in a week.
C) set price and wage floors for most major industries.
D) increase competition between companies.
E) make child industrial labor illegal.

Question 22

In 1934,Dr.Francis Townsend attracted widespread national support for a plan that

A) provided below-cost health care to children and pregnant women.
B) guaranteed all able-bodied Americans over age 21 a full-time job.
C) helped pave the way for the Social Security system.
D) was strongly supported by Congress.
E) offered medical insurance for the poor and elderly.

Question 23

In 1934,strong criticism of the New Deal came from

A) broadcasters on the radio.
B) the political far left.
C) dissident populists such as Huey Long.
D) All these answers are correct.
E) the political far right.

Question 24

In 1934,the American Liberty League was formed

A) by western business leaders who felt ignored by the New Deal.
B) to unite southerners who opposed the New Deal's support of unions.
C) by a coalition of radical and semi-radical organizations, including the Socialist Party.
D) to help win public support for the more controversial New Deal programs.
E) by wealthy conservatives who strongly opposed the New Deal.

Question 25

During the first year of the National Recovery Administration,

A) both of these occurred: industry saw prices decline, and industrial production rose.
B) industrial production rose.
C) All these answers are correct.
D) large producers consistently dominated the code-writing process.
E) industry saw prices decline.

Question 26

The Tennessee Valley Authority of 1933

A) saw private farmers and business leaders dominate its planning process.
B) was the most controversial program of the early New Deal.
C) was headed by former electricity magnate Samuel Insull.
D) was an experiment in regional planning by the federal government.
E) was one of the costliest failures of the Roosevelt administration.

Question 27

In 1934,the American Liberty League was formed

A) by a coalition of radical and semi-radical organizations, including the Socialist Party.
B) by western business leaders who felt ignored by the New Deal.
C) to unite southerners who opposed the New Deal's support of unions.
D) to help win public support for the more controversial New Deal programs.
E) by wealthy conservatives who strongly opposed the New Deal.

Question 28

All of the following occurred as a result of the Tennessee Valley Authority EXCEPT

A) a decline in the cost of power from private companies.
B) significant reduction in poverty in the region.
C) flooding being almost entirely eliminated in the affected region.
D) improvements to water transportation.
E) electricity being provided to thousands of new users.

Question 29

Much of Father Charles Coughlin's outspoken criticism of the Roosevelt administration revolved around the issue of

A) changing the banking and currency system.
B) taxing excess corporate profits and surplus riches.
C) the repeal of prohibition.
D) giving public relief jobs to women with children.
E) the right of labor to organize in unions.

Question 30

In 1934,Dr.Francis Townsend attracted widespread national support for a plan that

A) provided below-cost health care to children and pregnant women.
B) helped pave the way for the Social Security system.
C) was strongly supported by Congress.
D) offered medical insurance for the poor and elderly.
E) guaranteed all able-bodied Americans over age 21 a full-time job.

Question 31

During its first year,the Civil Works Administration

A) was soon replaced by the Federal Emergency Relief Administration.
B) put four million people to work.
C) planned for major building projects such as dams, airports, and power plants.
D) provided relief funds but not relief work.
E) made little progress in helping the jobless.

Question 32

All of the following programs were part of the Second New Deal EXCEPT

A) higher tax rates for the wealthy.
B) the Wagner Act.
C) the Holding Company Act.
D) the National Labor Relations Act.
E) the Federal Emergency Relief Administration.

Question 33

Much of Father Charles Coughlin's outspoken criticism of the Roosevelt administration revolved around the issue of

A) changing the banking and currency system.
B) the right of labor to organize in unions.
C) taxing excess corporate profits and surplus riches.
D) giving public relief jobs to women with children.
E) the repeal of prohibition.

Question 34

In 1934,strong criticism of the New Deal came from

A) dissident populists such as Huey Long.
B) the political far right.
C) All these answers are correct.
D) the political far left.
E) broadcasters on the radio.

Question 35

In 1935,Senator Huey Long

A) had as much popular support as Franklin Roosevelt, according to opinion polls.
B) declared he would seek the Democratic nomination for president in 1936.
C) advocated a "flat tax" plan.
D) advocated a $200 monthly pension for all Americans over the age of 60.
E) had proposed a national wealth-sharing plan that involved heavily taxing the wealthiest Americans.

Question 36

All of the following occurred as a result of the Tennessee Valley Authority EXCEPT

A) significant reduction in poverty in the region.
B) improvements to water transportation.
C) electricity being provided to thousands of new users.
D) flooding being almost entirely eliminated in the affected region.
E) a decline in the cost of power from private companies.

Question 37

The "Second New Deal" was launched partly in response to the

A) All these answers are correct.
B) persistence of the Great Depression.
C) political challenges of Senator Long and the Supreme Court's decision striking down the National Industrial Recovery Act.
D) Supreme Court's decision striking down the National Industrial Recovery Act.
E) president's sympathy toward the ideas of Senator Long.

Question 38

In 1935,Senator Huey Long

A) declared he would seek the Democratic nomination for president in 1936.
B) had as much popular support as Franklin Roosevelt, according to opinion polls.
C) advocated a $200 monthly pension for all Americans over the age of 60.
D) advocated a "flat tax" plan.
E) had proposed a national wealth-sharing plan that involved heavily taxing the wealthiest Americans.

Question 39

The New Deal program that created utility cooperatives for rural Americans was the

A) Farm Security Administration.
B) Resettlement Administration.
C) Civilian Conservation Corps.
D) Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act.
E) Rural Electrification Administration.

Question 40

During its first year,the Civil Works Administration

A) provided relief funds but not relief work.
B) was soon replaced by the Federal Emergency Relief Administration.
C) planned for major building projects such as dams, airports, and power plants.
D) put four million people to work.
E) made little progress in helping the jobless.

Question 41

The National Labor Relations Act of 1935

A) resulted in the Supreme Court's striking down of the Wagner Act.
B) invalidated Section 7(a) of the National Industrial Recovery Act.
C) gave government the authority to force employers to recognize and bargain with legitimate unions.
D) enforced the labor practice of an "open shop."
E) ended the labor practice of a "closed shop."

Question 42

During the 1930s,the sit-down strike

A) All these answers are correct.
B) was upheld by the courts and state governments.
C) was eventually broken by the Michigan National Guard.
D) was first used in the steel industry.
E) was a new and controversial labor tactic.

Question 43

In the 1930s,the Congress of Industrial Organizations

A) grew out of a dispute within the American Federation of Labor.
B) refused to get involved in organizing the automobile industry.
C) was less militant than the American Federation of Labor.
D) would not accept women or blacks as members.
E) confined its organizing to the steel and coal industries.

Question 44

The "Second New Deal" was launched partly in response to the

A) persistence of the Great Depression.
B) All these answers are correct.
C) Supreme Court's decision striking down the National Industrial Recovery Act.
D) president's sympathy toward the ideas of Senator Long.
E) political challenges of Senator Long and the Supreme Court's decision striking down the National Industrial Recovery Act.

Question 45

During the Second New Deal,President Franklin Roosevelt

A) rejected legislative attempts by Senator Robert Wagner to strengthen labor.
B) called for greater civil rights for American minority groups.
C) moved away from altering the income tax.
D) introduced government-funded unemployment checks.
E) became more willing to attack corporate interests openly.

Question 46

In 1937,regarding the organizing of industrial labor,

A) a key strike against Republic Steel of Chicago succeeded in winning union recognition.
B) the "Memorial Day Massacre" saw striking U.S. Steel employees killed by police.
C) small steel companies more quickly unionized than did large steel companies.
D) the great majority of strikes were settled in favor of the unions.
E) the effort to organize the steel industry proved easier than organizing in the auto industry.

Question 47

During the Second New Deal,President Franklin Roosevelt

A) rejected legislative attempts by Senator Robert Wagner to strengthen labor.
B) moved away from altering the income tax.
C) called for greater civil rights for American minority groups.
D) introduced government-funded unemployment checks.
E) became more willing to attack corporate interests openly.

Question 48

In 1937,regarding the organizing of industrial labor,

A) the great majority of strikes were settled in favor of the unions.
B) the "Memorial Day Massacre" saw striking U.S. Steel employees killed by police.
C) a key strike against Republic Steel of Chicago succeeded in winning union recognition.
D) small steel companies more quickly unionized than did large steel companies.
E) the effort to organize the steel industry proved easier than organizing in the auto industry.

Question 49

In the 1930s,industrial unionism was

A) supported by the American Federation of Labor.
B) strengthened, partly, by New Deal legislation.
C) opposed by labor leaders such as John L. Lewis.
D) generally hostile to blacks and women.
E) losing support among unskilled laborers.

Question 50

The National Labor Relations Act of 1935

A) resulted in the Supreme Court's striking down of the Wagner Act.
B) invalidated Section 7(a) of the National Industrial Recovery Act.
C) ended the labor practice of a "closed shop."
D) enforced the labor practice of an "open shop."
E) gave government the authority to force employers to recognize and bargain with legitimate unions.

Question 51

The Social Security Act of 1935

A) originally included a program for universal health-care.
B) initially only offered a pension for retired workers.
C) did not begin making payments to participants for years.
D) was opposed by President Franklin Roosevelt as being too costly.
E) covered all full-time working American citizens.

Question 52

All of the following programs were part of the Second New Deal EXCEPT

A) the Holding Company Act.
B) the Wagner Act.
C) higher tax rates for the wealthy.
D) the Federal Emergency Relief Administration.
E) the National Labor Relations Act.

Question 53

During the 1937 sit-down strike of General Motors,the federal government

A) refused to intervene in the dispute.
B) assumed control of the plant.
C) actively sided with the company.
D) actively sided with the strikers.
E) negotiated a settlement through federal arbitration.

Question 54

In the 1930s,industrial unionism was

A) strengthened, partly, by New Deal legislation.
B) losing support among unskilled laborers.
C) generally hostile to blacks and women.
D) opposed by labor leaders such as John L. Lewis.
E) supported by the American Federation of Labor.

Question 55

The Social Security Act of 1935

A) did not begin making payments to participants for years.
B) covered all full-time working American citizens.
C) initially only offered a pension for retired workers.
D) originally included a program for universal health-care.
E) was opposed by President Franklin Roosevelt as being too costly.

Question 56

In the 1930s,the Congress of Industrial Organizations

A) grew out of a dispute within the American Federation of Labor.
B) refused to get involved in organizing the automobile industry.
C) confined its organizing to the steel and coal industries.
D) was less militant than the American Federation of Labor.
E) would not accept women or blacks as members.

Question 57

In the 1930s,the industrial union movement

A) saw many of its leaders take top executive jobs in major companies.
B) grew more militant and powerful.
C) became the dominant force in the American Federation of Labor.
D) decided it was better to organize by companies than by entire industries.
E) was most interested in attracting skilled laborers.

Question 58

During the 1930s,the sit-down strike

A) All these answers are correct.
B) was upheld by the courts and state governments.
C) was eventually broken by the Michigan National Guard.
D) was first used in the steel industry.
E) was a new and controversial labor tactic.

Question 59

In the 1930s,the industrial union movement

A) was most interested in attracting skilled laborers.
B) saw many of its leaders take top executive jobs in major companies.
C) grew more militant and powerful.
D) decided it was better to organize by companies than by entire industries.
E) became the dominant force in the American Federation of Labor.

Question 60

During the 1937 sit-down strike of General Motors,the federal government

A) actively sided with the strikers.
B) actively sided with the company.
C) negotiated a settlement through federal arbitration.
D) refused to intervene in the dispute.
E) assumed control of the plant.

Question 61

In 1937,President Franklin Roosevelt's call to expand the Supreme Court came from

A) his desire to change the ideological balance of the Court.
B) complaints by several justices that they were being overworked.
C) a Democratic plan to gain permanent control of the federal government.
D) a desire not to have to choose between two different popular candidates for chief justice.
E) his opinion that the Court needed to review a larger number of cases.

Question 62

The Works Progress Administration provided federal assistance to

A) animal trainers and veterinarians.
B) artists and sculptors.
C) artists, sculptors, writers, and musicians.
D) grooms and jockeys.
E) writers and musicians.

Question 63

In 1937,President Franklin Roosevelt's call to expand the Supreme Court came from

A) his desire to change the ideological balance of the Court.
B) his opinion that the Court needed to review a larger number of cases.
C) complaints by several justices that they were being overworked.
D) a desire not to have to choose between two different popular candidates for chief justice.
E) a Democratic plan to gain permanent control of the federal government.

Question 64

All of the following groups were part of the New Deal political coalition EXCEPT

A) the working class.
B) liberals and progressives.
C) urban blacks.
D) big-business owners.
E) western and southern farmers.

Question 65

The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938

A) signaled the start of a new round of New Deal legislation.
B) established a national minimum wage.
C) created an enforcement mechanism to protect unions' right to organize.
D) sought to eliminate hiring discrimination based on race, but not on gender.
E) did not include a provision regarding working hours.

Question 66

In 1937,President Franklin Roosevelt decided

A) the federal work programs would have to be continued indefinitely.
B) the federal government would never be able to end the Depression.
C) that there should be a sharp increase in New Deal spending.
D) that he should try to balance the federal budget.
E) that Social Security should be expanded to include agricultural and domestic laborers.

Question 67

During the recession of 1937,

A) congressional Republicans took most of the blame.
B) industrial production faltered but employment remained steady.
C) it became apparent that New Deal programs had made little impact on economic conditions.
D) Roosevelt tried to mitigate the damage by reducing spending.
E) the economy was almost as bad as during the worst economic period of the Hoover administration in 1932-1933.

Question 68

The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938

A) did not include a provision regarding working hours.
B) created an enforcement mechanism to protect unions' right to organize.
C) signaled the start of a new round of New Deal legislation.
D) established a national minimum wage.
E) sought to eliminate hiring discrimination based on race, but not on gender.

Question 69

The Works Progress Administration of 1935

A) was much larger than previous programs of its kind.
B) displayed very little flexibility or imagination.
C) provided mostly "make-work" jobs to the unemployed.
D) gave federal relief money to those deemed "unemployable."
E) was under the direction of Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins.

Question 70

In 1937,President Franklin Roosevelt decided

A) that Social Security should be expanded to include agricultural and domestic laborers.
B) that he should try to balance the federal budget.
C) the federal work programs would have to be continued indefinitely.
D) that there should be a sharp increase in New Deal spending.
E) the federal government would never be able to end the Depression.

Question 71

The primary New Deal government aid to women during the 1930s was in the form of

A) free health care.
B) cash assistance.
C) free child care.
D) industrial work relief.
E) secretarial work relief.

Question 72

The election of 1936

A) saw third-party challengers play a major role in the outcome.
B) saw the Republican challenger pick up considerable gains in the formerly "Solid South."
C) was considered "too close to call" by opinion polls in the weeks prior to the vote.
D) saw Franklin Roosevelt opposed by the Republican, William Lemke.
E) produced a new and enduring coalition of voters for the Democratic Party.

Question 73

The Works Progress Administration of 1935

A) displayed very little flexibility or imagination.
B) was much larger than previous programs of its kind.
C) provided mostly "make-work" jobs to the unemployed.
D) was under the direction of Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins.
E) gave federal relief money to those deemed "unemployable."

Question 74

The election of 1936

A) saw third-party challengers play a major role in the outcome.
B) was considered "too close to call" by opinion polls in the weeks prior to the vote.
C) saw the Republican challenger pick up considerable gains in the formerly "Solid South."
D) saw Franklin Roosevelt opposed by the Republican, William Lemke.
E) produced a new and enduring coalition of voters for the Democratic Party.

Question 75

President Franklin Roosevelt's proposal to expand the Supreme Court

A) was eventually defeated in Congress.
B) gained Roosevelt the support of southern Democrats.
C) had little effect on future rulings by the Court.
D) did little political damage to his administration.
E) drew significant support from conservatives.

Question 76

The Works Progress Administration provided federal assistance to

A) animal trainers and veterinarians.
B) grooms and jockeys.
C) artists, sculptors, writers, and musicians.
D) artists and sculptors.
E) writers and musicians.

Question 77

During the recession of 1937,

A) the economy was almost as bad as during the worst economic period of the Hoover administration in 1932-1933.
B) it became apparent that New Deal programs had made little impact on economic conditions.
C) congressional Republicans took most of the blame.
D) industrial production faltered but employment remained steady.
E) Roosevelt tried to mitigate the damage by reducing spending.

Question 78

The primary New Deal government aid to women during the 1930s was in the form of

A) industrial work relief.
B) cash assistance.
C) free health care.
D) free child care.
E) secretarial work relief.

Question 79

All of the following groups were part of the New Deal political coalition EXCEPT

A) big-business owners.
B) urban blacks.
C) western and southern farmers.
D) the working class.
E) liberals and progressives.

Question 80

President Franklin Roosevelt's proposal to expand the Supreme Court

A) did little political damage to his administration.
B) was eventually defeated in Congress.
C) gained Roosevelt the support of southern Democrats.
D) had little effect on future rulings by the Court.
E) drew significant support from conservatives.