Deck 18: The Age of the City Key

Question 1

Roughly what percentage of the populations of Chicago,New York,and Detroit was made up of immigrants by 1890?

A) 20-30 percent
B) 80-90 percent
C) 50-60 percent
D) 40-50 percent
E) 60-70 percent

Answer 1

80-90 percent

Question 2

In the late nineteenth century,suburbs on the edges of American cities were largely populated by

A) very wealthy people.
B) people from all income backgrounds.
C) the working class.
D) very poor people.
E) moderately well-to-do people.

Answer 2

moderately well-to-do people.

Question 3

Tenement buildings in urban America were

A) initially praised as an improvement in housing for the poor.
B) considered luxury housing by most urban residents.
C) subsidized by city governments.
D) intended to be occupied as single-family dwellings.
E) first constructed in Chicago in the 1880s.

Answer 3

initially praised as an improvement in housing for the poor.

Question 4

In the late nineteenth century,many immigrants to the United States

A) read English-language newspapers and frequented chain stores.
B) found the transition to their new country to be fairly easy.
C) totally cut their links to their native countries.
D) were already experienced as urban-dwelling, industrial workers.
E) formed close-knit ethnic communities within cities.

Question 5

Compared to most other immigrant ethnic groups in the late nineteenth century,Jewish immigrants

A) All these answers are correct.
B) huddled together in ethnic neighborhoods.
C) both advanced rapidly economically, and huddled together in ethnic neighborhoods.
D) placed a high value on education.
E) advanced rapidly economically.

Question 6

In 1894,the population density of Manhattan was

A) greater than in all major American cities except Boston.
B) greater than the most crowded European cities.
C) significantly lower than the density of New York today.
D) significantly lower than that of most major European cities.
E) equal to the density of Paris.

Question 7

In 1894,the Immigration Restriction League

A) sought a ban on immigrants from Europe, but not Asia.
B) called for the establishment of a tax on all immigrants.
C) pushed strongly for the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act.
D) proposed screening immigrants to allow only the "desirable" ones to enter.
E) sought a ban on all immigration to the United States for fifteen years.

Question 8

The designers of New York City's Central Park

A) deliberately created a public space that would look as little like the city as possible.
B) initially wanted it to be exclusively accessible to the wealthy of the city.
C) were hoping that the park could be a source of local agriculture and food production.
D) thought of the park as a place where city government could meet in the open air.
E) tried to make it a meeting place for immigrant leaders.

Question 9

By 1890,populations in the biggest urban areas

A) consisted mostly of foreign-born immigrants and their children.
B) experienced massive growth even where there was little immigration.
C) increased mainly as a result of longer life expectancy.
D) soared as the rates of infant mortality and disease significantly declined.
E) rose as the number of children born into urban families doubled.

Question 10

In the late nineteenth century,immigrants in the United States

A) took up semi-skilled craft jobs.
B) avoided ports like Ellis Island for fear they would be denied entry.
C) settled overwhelmingly in the relatively empty Northwest.
D) generally lacked the capital to buy farmland.
E) were generally better educated than immigrants who arrived a generation before.

Question 11

By the 1890s,the largest number of immigrants to the United States came from

A) southern and eastern Europe.
B) Great Britain and Germany.
C) Ireland and Italy.
D) China and Japan.
E) Mexico and Central America.

Question 12

Compared with the first generation,second-generation immigrants were more likely to

A) hold on to their old ethnic habits.
B) lose faith in the United States due to the hardships they experienced.
C) resist external social pressures to assimilate.
D) break from their traditional culture.
E) return to the Old World for good.

Question 13

In the 1890s,Jacob Riis

A) crusaded to expose political corruption in major American cities.
B) favored stopping immigration as a way to improve urban American cities.
C) pushed for the creation of mass transit systems and outlying suburbs in America's cities.
D) reported on the living conditions of the urban poor to encourage improvements.
E) documented the stories of wealthy Americans who came from humble origins.

Question 14

In the late nineteenth century,the assimilation of immigrants was encouraged by

A) church leaders.
B) the sale of American products.
C) public education.
D) religious reform.
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 15

The 1920 census of the United States revealed that

A) a majority of Americans lived in "urban" areas.
B) the western frontier had ended.
C) for the first time since 1790, American women outnumbered men.
D) the majority of the nation's population had arrived as immigrants since 1880.
E) California was now the most populous state.

Question 16

The "city beautiful" movement in the United States was inspired,in part,by

A) None of these answers is correct.
B) the new technology of skyscrapers.
C) the economic depression of 1893.
D) both the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago, and the new technology of skyscrapers.
E) the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago.

Question 17

The primary goal of the American Protective Association was to

A) require immigrants to sign loyalty oaths to the United States government.
B) limit immigration to those who already had relatives living in the United States.
C) stop immigrants from entering the United States.
D) make English the official language of the United States.
E) give "native" Americans preference over immigrants in employment opportunities.

Question 18

In 1882,the first group of immigrants to be excluded from the United States on the basis of nationality were

A) Mexicans.
B) Irish.
C) Japanese.
D) Slavs.
E) Chinese.

Question 19

By 1900,the transportation systems of American cities included

A) electric trolleys and cable cars.
B) subways.
C) elevated railroads.
D) suspension bridges.
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 20

The principal force behind the creation of great public buildings in the late nineteenth century was

A) community service organizations.
B) ethnic political machines.
C) wealthy residents.
D) state governments.
E) the federal government.

Question 21

In the late nineteenth century,crime in large American urban centers

A) was often blamed on the violent proclivities of immigrant groups, and led many city governments to create larger and more professional public police departments.
B) All these answers are correct.
C) was often blamed on the violent proclivities of immigrant groups.
D) swelled in the twenty years between 1880 and 1900.
E) led many city governments to create larger and more professional public police departments.

Question 22

In the late nineteenth century,leisure activities tended to be divided by

A) class.
B) race.
C) gender.
D) both race and gender.
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 23

Which American writer is LEAST associated with the trend toward social realism in literature in the late nineteenth century?

A) Theodore Dreiser
B) Upton Sinclair
C) Frank Norris
D) Stephen Crane
E) Mark Twain

Question 24

In the late nineteenth century,the Tammany Hall political machine

A) All these answers are correct.
B) operated out of Chicago.
C) was one of the few machines that did not engage in graft and corruption.
D) saw its most famous boss, William M. Tweed, sent to prison.
E) operated out of Chicago and saw its most famous boss, William M. Tweed, sent to prison.

Question 25

Which of the following statements regarding Coney Island is FALSE?

A) The park experienced phenomenal popularity.
B) The park provided an escape from the genteel standards that dictated social behavior at the time.
C) The park provided lavish reproductions of exotic places and spectacular adventures.
D) The average daily attendance at Luna Park in 1904 was 90,000 people.
E) The park developed a reputation for wholesome family attractions.

Question 26

In 1869,Princeton and Rutgers played the first intercollegiate game in America of

A) football.
B) boxing.
C) soccer.
D) basketball.
E) baseball.

Question 27

In the 1890s,Florence Kelley and the National Consumers League sought to

A) force retailers and manufacturers to improve wages and working conditions for women workers.
B) protect family businesses from the competition of corporate retailers.
C) encourage immigrants to become greater consumers.
D) All these answers are correct.
E) improve the safety and quality of consumer products.

Question 28

In the late nineteenth century,political "machines" in cities owed their existence to

A) the potential voting power of large immigrant communities.
B) the rapid growth of urban America and the potential voting power of large immigrant communities.
C) disillusionment with heavy-handed and powerful city governments.
D) the rapid growth of urban America.
E) the potential voting power of large immigrant communities and disillusionment with powerful city governments.

Question 29

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries,the growth of newspapers

A) was largely due to national population growth.
B) saw circulation increase much more rapidly than the general population.
C) did not coincide with a rise in journalists' salaries.
D) led to a significant decline in the telegraph industry.
E) resulted in most large cities being serviced by one dominant paper.

Question 30

The American artistic movement known as the "Ashcan school"

A) was most identified with the work of John Singer Sargent.
B) was strongly influenced by Old World masters.
C) included the painter Edward Hopper.
D) portrayed an idealized image of rural life.
E) rejected expressionism and abstraction as artistic fads.

Question 31

In the late nineteenth century,urban political bosses did all of the following EXCEPT

A) provide material assistance to the poor.
B) reduce the costs of city services.
C) reward followers with patronage.
D) enrich themselves through graft and corruption.
E) win votes for their political organization.

Question 32

The national network of grocery stores that started in the 1870s was

A) Seven-Eleven.
B) Food Lion.
C) Harris Teeter.
D) A&P.
E) Piggly Wiggly.

Question 33

In the early twentieth century,efforts to improve environmental problems in American cities

A) were nonexistent.
B) did not yet include the construction of sewage disposal systems.
C) included a new federal environmental regulatory agency.
D) focused on the wealthy and ignored the urban poor.
E) led many cities to ban horses from their streets.

Question 34

In the late nineteenth century,efforts to reduce poverty in America

A) included federally-funded studies attempting to identify the causes of poverty.
B) saw charitable organizations try to limit aid to only those deemed "deserving poor."
C) saw the Salvation Army focus primarily on establishing shelters for the homeless.
D) included public works programs funded by municipal property taxes.
E) generally were led by reformers who had grown up in impoverished communities.

Question 35

The nineteenth-century game of "rounders" became the modern sport of

A) basketball.
B) baseball.
C) soccer.
D) football.
E) golf.

Question 36

At the turn of the twentieth century,motion pictures

A)All these answers are correct.
B)operated under strict morality codes.
C)both were the first true mass entertainment medium,and operated under strict morality codes.
D)were the first true mass entertainment medium.
E)had been invented by D.W.Griffith.

Question 37

In the nineteenth century,vaudeville theater

A) only employed white performers.
B) consisted of a variety of stage acts.
C) had been created in the United States.
D) both consisted of a variety of stage acts, and only employed white performers.
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 38

During the late nineteenth century,all of the following innovations occurred in consumer goods EXCEPT the

A) formation of credit card companies.
B) development and mass production of tin cans.
C) emergence of ready-made clothing.
D) ability to refrigerate foods artificially.
E) opening of large department stores.

Question 39

During the early decades of the twentieth century,most Americans began to view leisure time as

A) the equivalent of laziness.
B) the province solely of children and the elderly.
C) something reserved for the extremely wealthy.
D) something not attainable for the average worker.
E) increasingly desirable.

Question 40

Between 1890 and 1910,incomes in the United States

A) grew more unequal, while the middle class shrunk.
B) declined for most unskilled workers.
C) increased for white Americans, but decreased for most other ethnic groups.
D) remained the same for most Americans.
E) rose for almost all Americans.

Question 41

Efforts to restrict the numbers of immigrants coming into the United States had met with little success by the end of the nineteenth century.

Question 42

According to the philosophy of pragmatism,society should be guided by

A) religious faith.
B) inherited ideals.
C) scientific inquiry.
D) democratic tradition.
E) moral principles.

Question 43

Which statement about education in the late nineteenth century is FALSE?

A) Educational opportunities extended to Indian tribes as well.
B) It was a period of rapid expansion for public schools.
C) Funding for public education was highest in rural areas.
D) By 1900, most states required compulsory school attendance.
E) Southern blacks had far less access to education than southern whites.

Question 44

The great movement of people from rural to urban areas was unique to the United States.

Question 45

Which American thinker is LEAST associated with study using scientific methods?

A)Charles Darwin
B)John Dewey
C)Henry James
D)Charles S.Peirce
E)Edward A.Ross

Question 46

The Chrysler Building in New York City is considered the first modern American skyscraper.

Question 47

In late-nineteenth-century cities,it was not uncommon for the very wealthy to live in the heart of the city.

Question 48

During the late nineteenth century,college education for American women

A) offered no coeducational opportunities.
B) had no real effect on the marrying age of nineteenth-century women.
C) did not exist.
D) allowed women to be schooled only by male faculty.
E) had expanded significantly.

Question 49

Charles Darwin's theories of evolution met initial resistance from

A) scientists.
B) theologians.
C) educators.
D) All these answers are correct.
E) both theologians and educators.

Question 50

The assimilation process of the late nineteenth century was aided by the public schools.

Question 51

Prior to the late nineteenth century,few Americans placed much value in leisure.

Question 52

Without immigration,American cities would have grown relatively slowly.

Question 53

Among the new immigrant arrivals to late nineteenth-century America,no single national group could be said to have dominated the scene.

Question 54

The first American subway system came into use in Boston in 1897.

Question 55

Immigrant Americans were more likely to commit crimes than were native-born Americans.

Question 56

At the end of the nineteenth century,the population density of Manhattan was higher than that of the most crowded cities of Europe.

Question 57

Both baseball and football appealed primarily to working-class males.

Question 58

The new consumer economy appealed to women as consumers and hired women as sales clerks.

Question 59

When the first tenements were built in 1850,they were viewed as a great improvement in housing for the poor.

Question 60

In the late nineteenth century,American universities

A) significantly grew in number due to the Morrill Land Grant Act, and began to form relationships with the private sector and government.
B) All these answers are correct.
C) began to form relationships with the private sector and the government.
D) significantly grew in number due to the Morrill Land Grant Act.
E) were sometimes started by philanthropists that wanted to perpetuate their family names.

Question 61

Both Theodore Dreiser and Stephen Crane found a market by writing novels that painted grim pictures of life in the city to their readers.

Question 62

What major problems or needs of large urban centers were improved or eliminated by new technology and science during the late nineteenth century?

Question 63

How did high culture and popular culture differ at the turn of the century?

Question 64

What attitudes and beliefs found in America resulted in little being done to improve urban poverty during the late nineteenth century?

Question 65

By the end of the nineteenth century,most public high schools readily accepted women.

Question 66

How had the demographics of immigrants and the patterns of immigration shifted between the 1860s and the 1890s?

Question 67

Discuss the efforts to restrict immigration in the late nineteenth century.

Question 68

Describe the key features one would find in a large urban American city at the end of the nineteenth century.

Question 69

By the turn of the century,primary and secondary education were nearly universal in the United States.

Question 70

It can be said that Darwinism helped spawn the philosophy of pragmatism.

Question 71

Coney Island provided a way of experiencing mass American culture on an equal footing with people from different backgrounds.

Question 72

At the end of the nineteenth century,the participation of women in sports was nearly nonexistent.

Question 73

In what ways did the traditional cultural beliefs and values practiced by new immigrants both help and hinder their adjustment to life in America?

Question 74

In what ways did mass entertainment in the late nineteenth century perpetuate racial,class,and gender distinctions? In what ways did it break down these distinctions?

Question 75

What was the status of American education by the end of the nineteenth century?

Question 76

How and why did American attitudes change during the nineteenth century regarding leisure activities?