Deck 10: Energy Balance,weight Control, Eating Disorders

Question 1

To calculate basal energy needs using the equations developed by the Food and Nutrition Board,one needs information about the individual's

A) age.
B) weight.
C) height.
D) gender.
E) All of these choices are accurate.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Of the following males,who would have the lowest BMR?

A) 6-year-old
B) 16-year-old
C) 46-year-old
D) 76-year-old

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which hormone increases in the blood immediately following consumption of a meal?

A) Cholecystokinin
B) Ghrelin
C) Epinephrine
D) Glucagon

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The best predictor of your basal metabolic rate is

A) your exercise pattern.
B) what you had for breakfast.
C) your lean body mass.
D) environmental temperature.

Question 5

The body's total daily energy expenditure includes

A) basal metabolic rate, thermal effect of food, and effects of physical activity.
B) basal metabolic rate, height and weight.
C) body mass index, food intake and number of hours a person sleeps.
D) none of these choices are correct.

Question 6

A factor that can decrease BMR is

A) consuming a low-energy diet.
B) having a high fever.
C) long endurance exercise.
D) being pregnant.

Question 7

A young man weighs 150 pounds.A rough estimate of his basal metabolic rate would be

A) 1469 kcal per day.
B) 68 kcal per hour.
C) 2500 kcal per day.
D) 61 kcal per hour.

Question 8

A body mass index of 40 represents

A) no health risk.
B) possible health risk.
C) a high risk for health problems.
D) a value that is not on the nomogram.

Question 9

Compared to men,the basal metabolic rate of women is

A) lower.
B) higher.
C) no different.

Question 10

For most adults,the greatest portion of their energy expenditure is for

A) physical activity.
B) basal metabolism.
C) thermic effect of food.
D) None of these choices are correct.

Question 11

A man weighs 154 pounds and is 70 inches tall.His BMI is

A) 15.
B) 20.
C) 22.
D) 25.

Question 12

When the diet contains more energy than is expended,the excess energy

A) is stored as fat in adipose tissue.
B) increases the thermic effect of food.
C) increases the basal metabolic rate.
D) is excreted in the urine.

Question 13

The ratio of body weight to height is represented as

A) body composition.
B) basal metabolic rate.
C) bioelectrical impedance.
D) body mass index.

Question 14

When energy intake is greater than energy output,body weight

A) remains the same.
B) increases.
C) decreases.
D) None of these choices are correct.

Question 15

The thermic effect of food accounts for approximately ______ of energy consumed each day.

A) 5% to 10%
B) 11% to 15%
C) 16% to 20%
D) 50%

Question 16

The energy spent in maintaining all involuntary processes in the body at rest,awake,and in a non-absorptive state is called

A) resting metabolism.
B) thermogenesis.
C) thermic effect.
D) basal metabolism.

Question 17

Consumption of a very-low-calorie diet

A) increases BMR by about 10% to 20%.
B) decreases BMR by about 10% to 20%.
C) has no effect on BMR.

Question 18

Underwater weighing assesses body composition based on the principle that

A) lean body tissue is more dense than adipose tissue.
B) adipose tissue is more dense than lean body tissue.
C) adipose tissue is composed of mostly water.
D) body fluids are not being weighed using this method.

Question 19

Hunger can be defined as

A) starvation.
B) a physiological drive to find and eat food.
C) a sensation caused by distension of the stomach and small intestine.
D) a psychological drive to eat.

Question 20

Satiety is largely regulated by the

A) pituitary gland.
B) cerebral cortex.
C) hypothalamus.
D) liver.

Question 21

Physical activity is most likely to lead to successful weight loss if it

A) is performed at high intensity.
B) is performed regularly.
C) leads to significant loss of body water.
D) causes muscle soreness.

Question 22

A "thrifty metabolism" is a genetic predisposition that

A) causes a person to expend higher-than-average energy at rest.
B) enables a person to store fat readily.
C) enables a person to expend fat readily.
D) None of these choices are accurate.

Question 23

An example of an appropriate weight-loss strategy would be a

A) food plan that meets the nutritional needs of the patient.
B) diet based on readily obtainable foods.
C) plan that encourages increased physical activity.
D) plan that helps the patient relinquish obesity-promoting beliefs.
E) All of these choices are accurate.

Question 24

The success (attain and maintain reduced weight for 3 to 5 years)of non-surgical weight reduction programs has been reported to be approximately ________ for adults.

A) 40%
B) 5%
C) 25%
D) 0%

Question 25

Kevin wants to treat himself to a hot fudge sundae whenever he has a stressful day.He decides that a more appropriate response to a stressful day would be a brisk walk.Which of the following behavior modification techniques has he used?

A) Cognitive restructuring
B) Self-monitoring
C) Contingency management
D) Stimulus control

Question 26

Bioelectrical impedance assesses body composition based on the principle that

A) atomic nuclei behave like magnets when an external magnetic field is applied across the body.
B) adipose tissue is more dense than lean body tissue.
C) electrical conductivity is greater in lean tissue than in adipose tissue.
D) fat-free mass is proportional to total body potassium.

Question 27

How many calories are in one pound of fat?

A) 2500
B) 3500
C) 4500
D) 5500

Question 28

A weight-reduction program can be considered successful only when the weight loss

A) exceeds 10% of starting weight.
B) is maintained.
C) results in a BMI of below 25.
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 29

Which of the following techniques for measuring body composition makes use of small exposures to radiation?

A) MRI
B) DEXA
C) TOBEC
D) BIA

Question 30

The major goal for weight reduction in the treatment of obesity is the loss of

A) weight.
B) body fat.
C) body water.
D) body protein.

Question 31

Keeping tempting snack foods stashed in the cupboards or freezer instead of leaving them in plain view is an example of

A) cognitive restructuring.
B) chain-breaking.
C) self-monitoring.
D) stimulus control.

Question 32

By keeping a detailed food diary,the individual who is trying to lose weight can discover

A) emotions that lead to poor eating habits.
B) social influences affecting eating and food choices.
C) external cues that lead to overeating.
D) All of these choices are accurate.

Question 33

Based on results of long-term studies,people on weight-reduction diets should limit

A) high-fat foods.
B) breads and rolls.
C) potatoes.
D) meat.

Question 34

All of the following are useful behavior modification principles for weight control EXCEPT

A) eliminating favorite foods from one's diet.
B) working out with a friend.
C) recording eating behaviors to identify situations that contribute to overeating.
D) shopping from a grocery list.

Question 35

A healthy weight for an individual should not be based exclusively on weight,but on

A) amount of lean body tissue.
B) energy intake versus energy expenditure.
C) body size of family members.
D) total amount of body fat, location of body fat, and presence or absence of weight-related medical problems.

Question 36

The set-point theory proposes that

A) body temperature determines how many calories are burned.
B) humans have a genetically predetermined body weight or body fat.
C) metabolism can be reset at different stages of life.
D) None of these choices are accurate.

Question 37

Before recommending treatment for obesity,the health professional should

A) assess current health status.
B) take a family history of obesity-related disease.
C) determine fat distribution in the patient.
D) All of these choices are accurate.

Question 38

Lee Brown is a 23-year-old college student.Which of these would indicate that he is at risk for chronic diseases associated with obesity?

A) BMI of 22
B) BMI of 24
C) 41-inch waist
D) 31-inch waist

Question 39

A sound program for weight reduction should include

A) control of total energy intake.
B) increased physical activity.
C) modification of food habits.
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 40

A daily deficit of 400 to 500 kcal should result in a loss of approximately ________ of body fat per week.

A) 0.25 pound
B) 1 pound
C) 3 pounds
D) 4 pounds

Question 41

The best way to handle a situation in which you "go off" your meal plan for weight loss is to

A) go ahead and eat anything you want.
B) skip eating tomorrow.
C) assume lapses will occur and re-establish the program but feel guilty.
D) learn from the experience by identifying triggers so that a repeat can be avoided.

Question 42

Negative energy balance results from an energy deficit and weight loss occurs.

Question 43

Repeated self-induced vomiting may cause

A) tears in the esophagus.
B) stomach ulcers.
C) electrolyte imbalances.
D) tooth demineralization.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 44

The major health risk from frequent vomiting due to bulimia nervosa is

A) potassium imbalance.
B) constipation.
C) lanugo.
D) swollen glands.

Question 45

A fad diet for weight loss

A) can result in quick weight loss.
B) usually fails because habits are not changed.
C) may be nutritionally inadequate.
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 46

Maintenance of weight loss is fostered by

A) eating breakfast.
B) having a regular exercise plan.
C) self-monitoring.
D) All of these responses are correct.

Question 47

To counteract the binge,the bulimic patient may

A) induce vomiting.
B) take laxatives.
C) over-exercise.
D) All of these choices are accurate.

Question 48

Eating disorders frequently co-occur with which of the following psychological disorders?

A) depression
B) substance abuse
C) anxiety disorders
D) All of these choices are accurate.

Question 49

A condition of self-induced semi-starvation is called

A) bulimia.
B) anorexia nervosa.
C) kwashiorkor.
D) baryophobia.

Question 50

The essential difference between anorexia and bulimia

A) is age of onset. Bulimia begins in early childhood.
B) is gender. Men are far more likely to suffer from anorexia nervosa when they enter their teens.
C) is that anorexic patients are much more secretive, while bulimia patients are much more open about their eating disorder.
D) is that the bulimic turns to food during a crisis or problem, whereas the anorexic turns away from food.

Question 51

Anorexia nervosa can be defined as

A) compulsive eating.
B) purging.
C) hyperactivity.
D) psychological denial of appetite.

Question 52

Lanugo is

A) a substitute for missing adipose tissue.
B) an insulator of body organs.
C) fine downy hair covering the body.
D) cessation of the menstrual cycle.

Question 53

Eating disorders not otherwise specified

A) are not really an eating disorder but more of a perception of having one.
B) occur when a person can't decide whether to become an anorexic or bulimic.
C) refers to a broad category that includes symptoms from both anorexia and bulimia.
D) None of the answers are correct.

Question 54

The semi-starvation of anorexia nervosa results in many physiological changes,such as

A) decreased basal metabolism.
B) lanugo.
C) iron-deficiency anemia.
D) dry, scaly, cold skin.
E) All of these choices are accurate.

Question 55

A weight-loss program is probably a fad diet if it

A) recommends expensive nutrient supplements.
B) uses testimonials from famous people to promote the diet.
C) promotes quick weight loss.
D) guarantees weight-loss success for everyone.
E) All of these choices are accurate.

Question 56

Bulimic patients often have a problem with

A) recognizing nutritious food choices.
B) eating enough food to maintain a healthy body weight.
C) obesity.
D) an inability to control responses to impulse and desire.

Question 57

The most successful treatment for anorexia nervosa involves

A) isolation from the family and forced tube feeding.
B) dietary counseling on an outpatient basis by a registered dietitian.
C) inpatient psychological, nutritional, and medical therapy, often involving the whole family.
D) use of diuretics.

Question 58

The highest rate of weight-loss success and maintenance among people with morbid obesity is seen with

A) very-low-calorie diets (VLCDs).
B) jaw wiring.
C) gastroplasty.
D) commercial weight-loss programs.

Question 59

The primary intent of gastroplasty is to

A) speed transit time.
B) limit stomach volume.
C) prevent snacking.
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 60

Anorexic individuals have trouble maintaining normal body temperature because of

A) loss of body fat as insulation.
B) lack of appropriate clothing as the person tries to show off his/her extreme thinness.
C) increased synthesis of the thyroid hormone.
D) wearing baggy clothes.

Question 61

Hunger signals change even while we eat.

Question 62

Eating breakfast is a good strategy for losing weight.

Question 63

A VLCD may only supply 400 to 800 kcal per day.

Question 64

Setting a weight-loss goal of 10 pounds in six weeks is sound and attainable.

Question 65

Genes account for up to 20% of weight differences between people.

Question 66

Chewing contributes to satiety.

Question 67

Metabolism of protein may promote satiety by decreasing the secretion of a hormone called ghrelin.

Question 68

Identical twins raised in different environments tend to have different weight gain patterns.

Question 69

As cholecystokinin secretion increases,appetite increases.

Question 70

Being classified as overweight according to BMI does not necessarily equate to excess health risks if a person makes wise food choices and exercises.

Question 71

The part of our energy expenditure that we have direct control over is voluntary physical activity.

Question 72

In treating morbid obesity with gastroplasty,the volume of the stomach is reduced to approximately 30 milliliters.

Question 73

Losing weight is easier than keeping it off.

Question 74

Weight loss should be the focus of a healthy lifestyle.

Question 75

Yo-yo dieters may eventually end up with more fat on their body,even if they end up weighing the same on the scale.

Question 76

Spot-reducing is a good way to lose weight in one area of the body.

Question 77

Women carry more body fat than men for reproductive purposes.

Question 78

Exercise leads to development of more lean tissue,which reduces basal metabolism.

Question 79

Environmental factors are important influences on what we eat.

Question 80

Stomach distention contributes to satiety.