Deck 10: Preparing Data for Quantitative Analysis

Question 1

In marketing research, interviewers submitting False data for surveys are said to be ____.

A) coding
B) curbstoning
C) nominalizing
D) screening
E) memoing

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In the data preparation process, the data entry step is not necessary when:

A) online data collection is used.
B) omissions are coded.
C) data validation is done.
D) the optical scanning approach is used to enter data.
E) open-ended questions are used.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is True of data editing?

A) Before being validated, data must be edited for mistakes.
B) Editing determines whether a survey's interviews or observations were conducted correctly and are free of fraud or bias.
C) Editing involves checking data for mistakes made by the interviewer but not by the respondent.
D) In order to speed through the data collection process, an interviewer may edit the data collection process.
E) As part of the editing process, the researcher will check to make sure all respondents were asked the proper questions.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

If a researcher asks if a tone of negativity was injected into the interviewing process, the researcher is dealing with a question of:

A) fraud.
B) screening.
C) procedure.
D) completeness.
E) courtesy.

Question 5

The best way to handle omitted responses is to:

A) determine whether the software used for data entry performs "error edit routines" that identify the wrong type of data.
B) substitute the missing values with the median of the variable.
C) leave the data space blank for missing data without any numerical value.
D) substitute the missing values with the mean of the variable.
E) check how the data analysis software handles missing data and then determine a course of action.

Question 6

Which of the following is True of skip questions?

A) In order to speed through the data collection process, an interviewer may ask the respondent a few skip questions.
B) If an interviewer (or respondent on a self-administered survey) fails to follow instructions for skip questions, he or she cannot recontact respondents and verify their responses to skip questions.
C) If an interviewer (or respondent on a self-administered survey) fails to follow instructions for skip questions, the respondent can skip those questions.
D) If a respondent on a survey fails to follow instructions for skip questions, the interviewer may inject a tone of negativity into the interviewing process.
E) Skip questions are not a problem with online surveys since the computer controls the sequence of answering questions.

Question 7

A missing data situation is created when:

A) a respondent purposely does not answer a question.
B) open-ended questions are coded by researchers.
C) a survey is conducted online.
D) member checking is employed.
E) an interviewer engages in memoing.

Question 8

The first step in developing codes for the anticipated responses to open-ended questions is:

A) consolidating the responses.
B) generating a list of potential responses.
C) assigning a numerical value as a code.
D) assigning a value to each response.
E) assigning coded values to missing data.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is True of the fourth step in the data coding process, where a coded value is assigned to each response?

A) It follows the data entry phase of data preparation.
B) It is the step where omissions are either coded or left out.
C) It is necessary if an optical scanning approach is used to enter data.
D) It is tedious because it is done manually.
E) It precedes the data validation phase of data preparation.

Question 10

The first step in error detection is to:

A) reject an error value when it is very large or very small for a particular scaled item on the questionnaire.
B) determine whether the software used for data entry performs "error edit routines" that identify the wrong type of data.
C) categorize the number of errors in two or more questions, thus showing the relationship between those two variables.
D) determine the amount of nonresponse to individual questions.
E) identify the number of respondents who did not answer various questions on the questionnaire.

Question 11

Which of the following is the last step in the data preparation process?

A) Data validation
B) Data editing
C) Data coding
D) Data entry
E) Data tabulation

Question 12

Which of the following is True of coding?

A) The process of coding begins by assigning a numerical value as a code.
B) For open-ended questions, a coding process should be prepared before collecting data.
C) When reviewing responses to open-ended questions, the researcher attaches a value from the developed response list.
D) Coding makes subsequent analysis tougher as the researcher will find it difficult to interpret averages if higher values occur as the average moves from "dislike" to "like."
E) Assigning a coded value to missing data should be avoided by researchers.

Question 13

In the context of the data coding process, researchers can never analyze the actual answers of respondents in more detail if the:

A) answers were initially coded into broad categories.
B) omitted questions were also coded.
C) survey was conducted online.
D) coding process was prepared after data collection for open-ended questions.
E) responses were edited by the researchers.

Question 14

Which of the following is permissible in the process of validation?

A) An interviewer may inject a tone of negativity into the interviewing process.
B) A researcher may contact the respondents to reaffirm the negativity of the interviewer.
C) To determine the correctness of the interview, a researcher can recontact a sample of respondents and ask about questions from different parts of the questionnaire.
D) In order to speed through the interview, an interviewer may choose to not follow the specific procedure for collecting data from respondents.
E) If an interviewer fails to follow instructions for skip questions, the respondent can skip those questions.

Question 15

Which of the following is the first step in the data preparation process?

A) Data validation
B) Data coding
C) Data editing
D) Data entry
E) Data tabulation

Question 16

When conducting a survey, a researcher decides to assign a value of 1 if the respondent is male and a value of 2 if the respondent is female. By assigning numbers to different genders, the researcher is engaged in the process of:

A) coding.
B) editing.
C) validation.
D) data summarization.
E) data tabulation.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of curbstoning?

A) Respondents improperly filling out the questionnaire
B) An interviewer filling out the instrument without interviewing respondents
C) An interviewer contacting respondents by phone and then recording their observations
D) An interviewer interviewing respondents and recording their observations
E) Respondents being unreachable

Question 18

The process where raw data are checked for mistakes made by either the interviewer or the respondent is known as _____.

A) screening
B) data validation
C) editing
D) coding
E) data tabulation

Question 19

_____ is the process of grouping and assigning values to various responses from a survey instrument.

A) Coding
B) Editing
C) Memoing
D) Curbstoning
E) Screening

Question 20

When a questionnaire involves a structured open-ended question as part of a survey, the:

A) coding task for multiple responses becomes more time consuming.
B) answers must be coded into broad categories.
C) data validation step must be skipped.
D) respondents take lesser time to complete the survey.
E) coding process needs to be prepared before data collection.

Question 21

Calculate the range of the following raw responses: 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 7, and 8.

A) 4
B) 5
C) 8
D) 6
E) 7

Question 22

When information is obtained from internal data warehouses, it must be checked for availability, consistency, correct format, and so on.

Question 23

If an optical scanning approach is used to enter data, assigning a coded value to each response is absolutely necessary to avoid problems in the data entry phase.

Question 24

Which of the following measures requires that the responses be first arranged in a hierarchical pattern?

A) Average
B) Mean
C) Median
D) Mode
E) Standard deviation

Question 25

Some data col­lection methods require activities in all stages, while other methods involve only limited data preparation.

Question 26

In the process of editing responses to open-ended questions, researchers typically fill out the incomplete answers based on their best judgment.

Question 27

The most recommended approach to dealing with missing data is to use the mean of the entire sample that answered the question as a replacement value.

Question 28

The objective of the coding process is to expand the number of individual responses to a larger set of specific, yet related categories of answers that can be assigned numerical codes.

Question 29

Developing consolidated categories is a subjective decision.

Question 30

Which of the following measures is an indicator of how similar or dissimilar the numbers are in a set of responses?

A) Average
B) Mean
C) Median
D) Mode
E) Standard deviation

Question 31

A coded value can be rejected if it is too large or too small for a particular scaled item on a questionnaire.

Question 32

Missing data may occur when a respondent simply does not see a question, or is in a hurry to complete the survey and simply skips a question.

Question 33

Data is validated using the curbstoning process.

Question 34

Scanning technology cannot be used to enter data.

Question 35

Codes must be assigned to facilitate quantitative data analysis only after responses are reviewed and themes and common words and patterns are identified.

Question 36

With traditional data collection methods, the data preparation process starts before the interviews, questionnaires, or observation forms have been completed and returned to the field supervisor or researcher.

Question 37

The simple process of counting the number of observations (cases) that are classified into certain categories is known as _____.

A) tabulation
B) editing
C) screening
D) validation
E) data entry

Question 38

Calculate the mode of the following raw responses: 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 7, and 8.

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7
E) 8

Question 39

Cross-tabulation is most often used with nominal or ordinal scaled data.

Question 40

A one-way frequency table shows the number of respondents who answered each possible response to a question given the available alternatives.

Question 41

Cross-tabulation is the most effective way to categorize single variables existing in a study.

Question 42

In order to establish valid percentages, missing responses must be removed from the calculation.

Question 43

Discuss the advantages of one-way tabulations.

Question 44

Under which of the following conditions are respondents typically recontacted?

Question 45

In order to determine the mode of a set of responses, one has to find the number with the lowest frequency.

Question 46

The two types of measures often used to describe data are quantitative and qualitative measures.

Question 47

Percentage distribution can be calculated by converting a frequency distribution into percentages.

Question 48

Describe the process of data validation.

Question 49

What is the difference between a one-way tabulation and a cross-tabulation?

Question 50

What are the several ways of dealing with missing data?