Deck 20: Raising Capital

Question 1

The first public equity issue that is made by a company is referred to as:

A) a rights issue.
B) a general cash offer.
C) an initial public offering.
D) an unseasoned issue.
E) Both an initial public offering and an unseasoned issuE.

Answer 1

Both an initial public offering and an unseasoned issuE.

Question 2

A new public equity issue from a company with equity previously outstanding is called a(n):

A) initial public offering.
B) seasoned equity issue.
C) unseasoned equity issue.
D) private placement.
E) syndicatE.

Answer 2

seasoned equity issue.

Question 3

Dilution refers to:

A) the increase in stock value due to wider ownership of stock.
B) the loss in existing shareholder's equity.
C) the loss in new shareholder's equity.
D) the loss in all shareholder's equity, both existing shareholders and new shareholders.
E) None of these.

Answer 3

the loss in existing shareholder's equity.

Question 4

Companies use tombstone advertisements in the financial press to:

A) announce the death of the company.
B) announce the failure of a financial strategy.
C) announce the availability of a new issue of a corporate security.
D) notify the public of foreclosure.
E) None of these.

Question 5

A company must file a registration statement with the SEC providing various financial and company history information. The registration statement does not need to be filed if:

A) the issue is less than $50 million.
B) the loan matures within 9 months.
C) the issue is less than $5.0 million.
D) Both the issue is less than $50 million and the loan matures within 9 months.
E) Both the loan matures within 9 months and the issue is less than $5.0 million.

Question 6

An equity issue sold directly to the public is called:

A) a rights offer.
B) a general cash offer.
C) a restricted placement.
D) a fully funded sales.
E) a standard call issuE.

Question 7

Regulation A security issues are exempt from full SEC registration filing and use only a brief offering statement if:

A) the issue is for less than $5,000,000.
B) insiders sell no more than $1,500,000 of stock.
C) insiders sell no more than 100,000,000 shares.
D) Both the issue is for less than $5,000,000; and insiders sell no more than 100,000,000 shares.
E) Both the issue is for less than $5,000,000; and insiders sell no more than $1,500,000 of stock.

Question 8

The green shoe option is used to:

A) cover oversubscription.
B) cover excess demand.
C) provide additional reward to the investment bankers for a risky issue.
D) provide additional reward to the issuing firm for a risky issue.
E) Both cover oversubscription and cover excess demand.

Question 9

The first public equity issue made by a company is a(n):

A) initial private offering.
B) initial public offering.
C) secondary offering.
D) seasoned new issue.
E) None of these.

Question 10

Management's first step in any issue of securities to the public is:

A) to file a registration form with the SEC.
B) to distribute copies of the preliminary prospectus.
C) to distribute copies of the final prospectus.
D) to obtain approval from the board of directors.
E) to prepare the tombstone advertisement.

Question 11

Which of the following is not normally an example of the services offered by investment bankers?

A) Aiding in the sale of securities
B) Facilitating mergers
C) Acting as brokers to both individuals and institutional clients
D) Offering checking accounts to corporations
E) Both Acting as brokers to both individuals and institutional clients; and Offering checking accounts to corporations

Question 12

During the SEC waiting period the potential issuing company can issue a preliminary prospectus which contains:

A) exactly the same information as the final prospectus except an indication of SEC approval.
B) all the information as the final prospectus including red writing stating it is a red herring.
C) very limited financial information and red writing stating it is preliminary.
D) only a description of what the funds are to be used for.
E) information very similar to the final prospectus without a price nor with SEC approval.

Question 13

A rights offering is:

A) the issuing of options on shares to the general public to acquire stock.
B) the issuing of an option directly to the existing shareholders to acquire stock.
C) the issuing of proxies which are used by shareholders to exercise their voting rights.
D) strictly a public market claim on the company which can be traded on an exchange.
E) the awarding of special perquisites to management.

Question 14

A registration statement is effective on the 20^th day after filing unless:

A) the SEC is backlogged with statements.
B) a tombstone ad is issued indicating its demise.
C) a letter of comment suggesting changes is issued by the SEC.
D) a syndicate can be formed sooner.
E) None of these.

Question 15

An equity issue sold to the firm's existing stockholders is called:

A) a rights offer.
B) a general cash offer.
C) a private placement.
D) an underpriced issue.
E) an investment banker's issuE.

Question 16

A group of investment bankers who pool their efforts to underwrite a security are known as a(n):

A) amalgamate.
B) conglomerate.
C) green shoe group.
D) klatch.
E) syndicatE.

Question 17

A firm commitment arrangement with an investment banker occurs when:

A) the syndicate is in place to handle the issue.
B) the spread between the buying and selling price is less than one percent.
C) the issue is solidly accepted in the market evidenced by a large price increase.
D) when the investment banker buys the securities for less than the offering price and accepts the risk of not being able to sell them.
E) when the investment banker sells as much of the security as the market can bear without a price decreasE.

Question 18

Investment banks perform which of the following services for corporate issuers:

A) formulating the method used to issue the securities.
B) pricing the new securities.
C) selling the new securities.
D) All of these.
E) None of these.

Question 19

Potential investors learn of the information concerning the firm and its new issue from the:

A) pre-underwriting negotiating meeting.
B) red herring.
C) letter of commitment.
D) emails from their former finance professor.
E) rights offering.

Question 20

In a best efforts offering the investment banker makes their money primarily by:

A) earning the spread between the buying and offering price.
B) earning a commission on each share sold.
C) earning the discount between the buying and offering price.
D) charging a flat fee for all services.
E) None of these.

Question 21

Professor Jay Ritter found best-efforts offerings are:

A) reserved for the premier customers because they deserve 'best-efforts'.
B) used most often with seasoned equity issues.
C) used with small IPO issues.
D) attractive because of price stability.
E) None of these.

Question 22

The diagonal listing of investment bankers on tombstone advertisements reflects their ______ relative to the other investment bankers listed below.

A) prestige
B) ability to manage selling syndicates
C) role as a firm commitment buyer
D) role as a best efforts seller
E) None of these.

Question 23

A shareholder who has rights is:

A) always better off to exercise the rights.
B) always better off to sell the rights into the market.
C) able to exercise their rights or sell them.
D) never in the same ownership position again with rights.
E) None of these.

Question 24

The key difference between a negotiated offer and a competitive offer is that:

A) the underwriters cannot set the spread in a negotiated bid but can in a competitive offer.
B) the issuing firm can offer its securities to the highest bidder in a competitive bid but in a negotiated bid only one investment banker is used.
C) the issuing firm works the underwriter for the best spread in a negotiated bid which will be less than that available in a competitive offer.
D) the underwriter will not do a full investigation in a negotiated bid because the company is at their mercy, while in a competitive bid the underwriter must be extra diligent.
E) None of these.

Question 25

In comparison to debt issuance expenses,the total direct costs of equity issues are:

A) considerably less.
B) about the same.
C) meaningless.
D) considerably greater.
E) None of these.

Question 26

Venture capitalists are

A) intermediaries that raise funds from outside investors.
B) play an active role in overseeing, advising, and monitoring the companies in which they invest.
C) generally do not want to own the investment forever.
D) intermediaries that raise funds from outside investors and play an active role in overseeing, advising, and monitoring the companies in which they invest.
E) intermediaries that raise funds from outside investors, play an active role in overseeing, advising, and monitoring the companies in which they invest, and generally do not want to own the investment forever.

Question 27

Under the _______ method,the underwriter buys the securities for less than the offering price and accepts the risk of not selling the issue,while under the _______ method,the underwriter does not purchase the shares but merely acts as an agent.

A) best efforts; firm commitment
B) firm commitment; best efforts
C) general cash offer; best efforts
D) competitive offer; negotiated offer
E) seasoned; unseasoned

Question 28

The six components that make up the total costs of new issues are:

A) the spread; other direct expenses such as filing fees; indirect expenses such as management time; economies of scale; abnormal returns and the Green Shoe option.
B) the discount; other direct expenses such as filing fees; indirect expenses such as management time; due diligence costs; abnormal returns and the Green Shoe option.
C) the spread; other direct expenses such as filing fees; indirect expenses such as management time; abnormal returns; underpricing and the Green Shoe option.
D) the spread; other direct expenses such as filing fees; economies of scale; due diligence costs; abnormal returns and underpricing.
E) None of these.

Question 29

Underpricing can possibly be explained by:

A) oversubscription of an issue.
B) strong demand by investors.
C) undersubscription of an issue.
D) Both strong demand by investors and undersubscription of an issue.
E) Both oversubscription of an issue and strong demand by investors.

Question 30

To determine the value of a rights offering,the stockholder needs to know the following two pieces of information in addition to the current stock price:

A) the subscription price and the number of rights needed to acquire a new share.
B) the amount of new equity to be raised and the number of rights needed to acquire a new share.
C) the amount of new equity to be raised and standby fee.
D) the detachment date and the subscription price.
E) None of these.

Question 31

For smaller IPOs,direct expenses as a percentage of total proceeds is _______.

A) greater
B) less
C) the same fixed rate
D) zero
E) None of these.

Question 32

Empirical evidence suggests that new equity issues are generally:

A) priced efficiently by the market.
B) overpriced by investor excitement concerning a new issue.
C) overpriced resulting from SEC regulation.
D) underpriced, in part, to counteract the winner's curse.
E) underpriced resulting from SEC regulation.

Question 33

Debt capacity is often given as a reason for the value of the stock falling when equity is issued. The reason for this is:

A) the high issue costs of a debt offering must be paid by the shareholders.
B) the priority position of the equity is lowered.
C) management has information that the probability of default has risen, limiting the debt capacity and causing the firm to raise equity capital.
D) All of these.
E) None of these.

Question 34

The reputational capital of investment bankers is based on their roles as intermediaries with more in-depth knowledge of the issuer. Investment bankers maintain their reputation by:

A) certifying the issue.
B) monitoring the issuing firm's management and performance.
C) pricing issues fairly.
D) All of these.
E) None of these.

Question 35

Assuming everything else is constant,when a stock goes ex-rights its price should:

A) decrease since the stockholder is losing an option.
B) increase since the corporation no longer has the right to force the stockholder to convert.
C) remain the same since an efficient market would anticipate this change.
D) move up or down depending on whether a small investor wanted to exercise his/his rights.
E) None of these.

Question 36

If a shareholder or investor wants to acquire new stock under a rights plant they must:

A) acquire new stock in the market to get a controlling fraction of shares to be eligible for rights.
B) simply pay a registration fee and turn in the subscription price.
C) acquire the correct rights per share desired, then turn the rights and the total subscription price into the subscription agent.
D) acquire the correct rights and wait for the company to send you the stock.
E) call their broker and sell some CBOE options to make any money.

Question 37

In a typical deal,the venture capitalist will receive at least ______ of the equity of the deal.

A) 5%.
B) 20%.
C) 40%.
D) 60%.
E) 90%.

Question 38

Which of the following statements is true?

A) The subscription price is generally above the old stock price.
B) The subscription price is generally above the ex-rights price.
C) The subscription price is generally below the old stock price.
D) Both the subscription price is generally above the old stock price; and the subscription price is generally above the ex-rights price.
E) Both the subscription price is generally above the ex-rights price; and the subscription price is generally below the old stock pricE.

Question 39

A standby underwriting arrangement provides the:

A) company with methods to cancel the offering.
B) company with an alternate investment banker if there is conflict between the issuer and the agent.
C) investment banker with an oversubscription privilege to ensure profits are earned.
D) company with an alternative avenue of sale to ensure success of the rights offering.
E) investment bankers with an added syndication for the rights offering.

Question 40

Empirical evidence suggests that upon announcement of a new equity issue,current stock prices generally:

A) drop, perhaps because the new issue reflects management's view that common stock is currently overvalued.
B) remain about the same since an efficient market anticipates a new equity issue.
C) increase, perhaps because the issues are associated with positive NPV projects.
D) increase, because the market supply is always less than demand.
E) increase, because underwriters exercise their green shoe option.

Question 41

Which of the following is not one of the four main functions that underwriters provide?

A) Risk bearing
B) Marketing
C) Auditing the financial statements
D) Certification
E) Monitoring

Question 42

The Wordsmith Corporation has 10,000 shares outstanding at $30 each. They expect to raise $150,000 by a rights offering with a subscription price of $25. How many rights must you turn in to get a new share?

A) 0.60
B) 1.20
C) 1.67
D) 2.00
E) Insufficient data to determine

Question 43

Assuming everything else is constant,if a stock's old price is $25 and the ex-rights or new stock price is $19,then the value of the right is:

A) -$6.
B) $6.
C) impossible to determine without the subscription price.
D) impossible to determine without the number of rights needed to buy one share.

Question 44

An IPO of a firm formerly financed by venture capital is carried out for what primary purposes?

A) Insiders can sell their shares or cash out
B) Generate cash to pay down bank indebtedness
C) To establish a market value for the equity and provide funds for operations
D) All of these.
E) None of these.

Question 45

Assuming everything else is constant,if a stock's old price is $40 and the ex-rights or new stock price is $32,then the value of the right is:

A) -$8.
B) $8.
C) impossible to determine without the subscription price.
D) impossible to determine without the number of rights needed to buy one share.

Question 46

The Schraeder Corporation has 20,000 shares outstanding at $20 each. They expect to raise $200,000 by a rights offering with a subscription price of $25. How many rights must you turn in to get a new share?

A) 1.25
B) 1.50
C) 2.00
D) 2.50
E) Insufficient data to determine

Question 47

Corporations use the shelf registration method of security sales because:

A) preregistered securities can be quickly brought to market.
B) the main registration process is eliminated for up to two years.
C) their stock is below investment grade.
D) Both preregistered securities can be quickly brought to market; and the main registration process is eliminated for up to two years.
E) Both the main registration process is eliminated for up to two years; and their stock is below investment gradE.

Question 48

Bradley Power wants to raise $40 million in new equity. The subscription price is $25. There are currently 5 million shares outstanding,each with 1 right. How many rights are needed to purchase 1 share?

A) 1.000
B) 3.000
C) 3.125
D) 4.525
E) 6.525

Question 49

Types of dilution include:

A) dilution of percentage ownership
B) dilution of market share
C) dilution of book value and earnings per share
D) dilution of percentage ownership and dilution of book value and earnings per share
E) All of these

Question 50

Venture capitalists provide financing for new firms from the seed and start-up stage all the way to mezzanine and bridge financing. In exchange for financing,entrepreneurs give:

A) a high interest rate debt instrument and control.
B) an equity position and usually board of director positions.
C) up the right to have an initial public offering.
D) control to a court appointed trustee.
E) the venture capitalists jobs as CEOs and CFOs.

Question 51

The Smooth Sail Corporation intends to issue 50,000 new shares to raise funds for expansion of current plant facilities. The current share price is $40 and there are 500,000 shares outstanding. The number of rights needed to buy a share of stock should be:

A) 1.
B) 10.
C) 40.
D) 400.
E) indeterminate without the subscription price

Question 52

Arguments against the use of the shelf-registration are:

A) only technology and manufacturing-based firms can use it.
B) less current information available to investors might raise the cost of debt.
C) possible market overhang from future issues depressing price.
D) Both only technology and manufacturing-based firms can use it; and possible market overhang from future issues depressing price.
E) Both less current information available to investors might raise the cost of debt; and possible market overhang from future issues depressing pricE.

Question 53

The market for venture capital refers to the:

A) private financial marketplace for servicing small, young firms.
B) bond markets.
C) market for selling rights to individuals who already own shares.
D) market for selling equity securities for firms with equity already outstanding.
E) None of these.

Question 54

Rule 144A provides the framework for the issuance of private securities to qualified institutional investors. To buy private securities,institutional investors:

A) must be willing to hold a less liquid security and manage a fund.
B) must be willing to make a market in the security and be a primary market dealer.
C) must be a limited partner in the issue and willing to reduce the illiquidity of the security.
D) must be willing to hold a less liquid security and have $100 million under management.
E) None of these.

Question 55

Corporations are allowed to use the shelf registration method if they:

A) are rated investment grade and have aggregate market stock value of more than $150 million.
B) have not violated the 1934 Securities Act in the past 12 months.
C) have not defaulted on its debt in the past 3 years.
D) All of these.
E) None of these.

Question 56

The Holly Corporation has a new rights offering that allows you to buy one share of stock with 4 rights and $25 per share. The stock is now selling ex-rights for $30. The price rights-on is:

A) $21.00.
B) $25.00.
C) $30.00.
D) $31.25.
E) impossible to determine without the cum-rights pricE.

Question 57

Regional Power wants to raise $10 million in new equity. The subscription price is $20. There are currently 3 million shares outstanding,each with 1 right. How many rights are needed to purchase 1 share?

A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 6
E) 8

Question 58

Venture capitalists will frequently

A) hold voting preferred stock which will allow them priorities over common stockholders in the event of bankruptcy or liquidation.
B) hold voting common stock which will allow them priorities over preferred stockholders in the event of bankruptcy or liquidation.
C) hold nonvoting preferred stock.
D) hold nonvoting common stock.
E) not hold any significant amount of stock.

Question 59

The LaPorte Corporation has a new rights offering that allows you to buy one share of stock with 3 rights and $20 per share. The stock is now selling ex-rights for $26. The price rights-on is:

A) $22.00.
B) $24.00.
C) $26.00.
D) $28.00.
E) impossible to determine without the cum-rights pricE.

Question 60

Arguments to explain why most equity issues are underwritten versus sold through a rights offering are:

A) underwriters buy at an agreed upon price and bear some risk of selling the issue.
B) cash proceeds are available sooner in underwriting and the issue is available to a wider market.
C) investment bankers can provide market advice and certify the issue for potential investors.
D) All of these.
E) None of these.

Question 61

Discuss what a Dutch auction is and how it works.

Question 62

The Direct Interactive Publishing Company is planning to raise $200 million dollars in new capital. There are currently 50 million shares outstanding with an estimated market price of $60 each. The corporate officers are debating whether to use a rights offering (with or without a standby underwriting) or have the issue fully underwritten. The company is currently listed on a regional exchange and plans to list on a national exchange after the security issue. List and explain three advantages/disadvantages of each method.

Question 63

Explain the advantages of a shelf-registration to an issuer. How can timeliness of disclosure and a potential market overhang work against a shelf-registration?

Question 64

The Holyoke Corporation has 120,000 shares outstanding with a current market price of $8.10 per share. The company needs to raise an additional $36,000 to finance new expenditures,and has decided on a rights issue. The issue will allow current stockholders to purchase one additional share for 20 rights at a subscription price of $6 per share.
Calculate the ex-rights price that would make a new stockholder indifferent between buying shares at the old stock price and exercising the rights or buying the shares ex-rights.

Question 65

What are venture capitalists and what is their role in raising capital for firms?

Question 66

The evidence on IPO sales is varied from issue to issue,but there are three common themes; underpricing,underperformance,and the reasons for going public. Explain these three themes.

Question 67

For a particular stock the old stock price is $20,the ex-rights price is $15,and the number of rights needed to buy a new share is 2. Assuming everything else constant,the subscription price is ______.

A) $5
B) $13
C) $17
D) $18
E) $20

Question 68

The Holyoke Corporation has 120,000 shares outstanding with a current market price of $8.10 per share. The company needs to raise an additional $36,000 to finance new expenditures,and has decided on a rights issue. The issue will allow current stockholders to purchase one additional share for 20 rights at a subscription price of $6 per share.
If the ex-rights price were set at $7.90,would you as a potential new stockholder choose to buy shares ex-rights or buy shares at the old price and exercise your rights?

Question 69

The Holyoke Corporation has 120,000 shares outstanding with a current market price of $8.10 per share. The company needs to raise an additional $36,000 to finance new expenditures,and has decided on a rights issue. The issue will allow current stockholders to purchase one additional share for 20 rights at a subscription price of $6 per share.
Suppose that the company was also considering structuring the rights issue to allow for an additional share to be purchased for 10 rights at a subscription price of $3. Prove that a stockholder with 100 shares would be indifferent between purchasing a new share for 10 rights at $3 or purchasing a new share for 20 rights at $6.

Question 70

Lamar Inc. is attempting to raise $5,000,000 in new equity with a rights offering. The subscription price will be $40 per share. The stock currently sells for $50 per share and there are 250,000 shares outstanding. How many rights are needed to buy a new share?

Question 71

The Shields Corporation intends to issue 100,000 new shares to raise funds for expansion of current plant facilities. The current share price is $20 and there are 500,000 shares outstanding. The number of rights needed to buy a share of stock should be:

A) 1.
B) 5.
C) 20.
D) 50.
E) indeterminate without the subscription price

Question 72

Discuss the stages of venture capital financing,defining each in detail.

Question 73

Lamar Inc. is attempting to raise $5,000,000 in new equity with a rights offering. The subscription price for the 125,000 new shares will be $40 per share. The stock currently sells for $50 per share and there are 250,000 shares outstanding. What will the price per share be if all rights are exercised?