Deck 1: Introduction to Pharmacology and the History of Drugs

Question 1

What common ingredient of topical skin drugs is derived from the purified fat of processed sheep's wool?

A) vitamin C
B) calcium
C) aspirin
D) lanolin

Answer 1

lanolin

Question 2

The Orphan Drug Act was passed to ________.

A) facilitate the development of new drugs to treat rare diseases
B) make drug companies responsible for drug substitution and mislabeling that caused deaths
C) require drug companies to provide an accurate list of the drug's ingredients
D) speed up the approval process of new drugs

Answer 2

facilitate the development of new drugs to treat rare diseases

Question 3

It took a national tragedy to force a much-needed update of the Food and Drugs Act of 1906.The drug that caused this national tragedy was ________.

A) Ayer's Cherry Pectoral, which was used to treat respiratory ailments
B) Cocaine Toothache Drops, which was used to treat toothache pain
C) sulfonamide, an anti-infective drug
D) thalidomide, which was used to treat morning sickness

Answer 3

sulfonamide, an anti-infective drug

Question 4

The word pharmacology comes from ________.

A) the Dutch word droog and a suffix meaning the study of
B) the Greek word pharmakon and a suffix meaning the study of
C) the Greek word prophylaxis and a suffix meaning to study
D) the Latin word medicina and a suffix meaning the study of

Question 5

As a result of a national tragedy,Congress passed The Food,Drug,and Cosmetic Act of 1938.One of the key parts of this act ________.

A) required manufacturers to list their drugs in the United States Pharmacopeia or National Formulary
B) made it mandatory that drugs had a pleasing taste and odor
C) required accurate labeling of drugs to prevent substitutions or mislabeling of ingredients
D) stated that the government no longer needed proof of fraud to stop the sale of a drug

Question 6

Drugs have three medical uses.Which of the following is NOT one of those uses?

A) Drugs can provide evidence that a disease is present.
B) Drugs can treat symptoms, signs, and diseases
C) Drugs can prevent disease
D) Drugs can cause symptoms, signs, and diseases

Question 7

Prescription drugs are defined as those drugs that ________.

A) meet clinical trial requirements and are approved by the FDA
B) are stronger than what is allowed for over-the-counter use
C) are not safe to use except under professional medical supervision
D) contain addictive properties that prevent over-the-counter use

Question 8

One drug used to treat Alzheimer's disease was originally derived from ________.

A) yams
B) periwinkle
C) daffodils
D) autumn crocus

Question 9

Original plant sources of some commonly used drugs include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A) oak tree
B) rose hips
C) hot pepper plant
D) opium poppy

Question 10

Which of the following statements concerning schedule drugs is TRUE?

A) Schedule I drugs can be included-in small doses-in over-the-counter drugs.
B) Schedule I drugs have the highest potential for abuse and addiction, while Schedule V drugs have the lowest.
C) Schedule V drugs are not available under any circumstances, even with a prescription.
D) Schedule V drugs have the highest potential for abuse and addiction, while Schedule I drugs have the lowest.

Question 11

When analgesic drugs are used to control arthritis pain,this is an example of the ________ use of drugs.

A) therapeutic
B) pharmacologic
C) preventive
D) diagnostic

Question 12

Aspirin was first introduced about the year ________.

A) 1750
B) 1900
C) 1960
D) 2000

Question 13

In response to criticism that some drugs are available in other countries long before they are available in the U.S.,which act was passed in 1997?

A) Compassionate Use IND
B) Emergency Treatment Investigational New Drug (IND)
C) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Modernization Act
D) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Question 14

The medicinal use of foxglove to make the drug digoxin (Lanoxin)is an example of a modern drug derived from ________.

A) an animal
B) a mineral
C) a plant
D) a trace element

Question 15

The use of drugs during radiological procedures and other medical tests to show evidence of a disease is known as ________.

A) a preventive use
B) a diagnostic use
C) treating symptoms and signs of a disease
D) none of the above

Question 16

Which of the following has NEVER been the source of a drug used to treat diabetes mellitus?

A) ground-up beef pancreas
B) Gila monsters
C) ground-up pork pancreas
D) lanolin from sheep

Question 17

Pharmacology is the study of ________.

A) how drugs are dispensed
B) pills and how to give them
C) drugs and their interactions with living organisms
D) plants, herbs, minerals, and animals

Question 18

The drug Premarin,a female hormone replacement used to treat the symptoms of menopause,is derived from ________.

A) pregnant mares' urine
B) margarine and oils
C) the lanolin from processed sheep's wool
D) powdered rose hips

Question 19

Which drugs were introduced in the decade of the 1990s?

A) penicillin (first antibiotic drug), Benadryl (first antihistamine drug), cortisone (first corticosteroid drug)
B) Thorazine (first antipsychotic drug), hydrocortisone (first topical corticosteroid drug), polio vaccine
C) Inderal (first beta-blocker drug), Tagamet (first H₂ blocker drug), levodopa (for Parkinson's disease)
D) Proscar (for benign prostatic hypertrophy), Nicoderm (for stopping smoking), Viagra (for erectile dysfunction)

Question 20

Penicillin was first introduced about the year ________.

A) 1850
B) 1900
C) 1940
D) 2000

Question 21

The drug digoxin (Lanoxin)that is used today to treat congestive heart failure was derived from the ________.

A) foxglove plant
B) belladonna plant
C) opium poppy flower
D) French lilac flower

Question 22

Currently,the burden of proof for showing that a drug is safe before it can be marketed is the responsibility of the ________.

A) drug company
B) consumer
C) physician
D) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Question 23

A prescription drug can be obtained with a ________.

A) written prescription from a physician
B) verbal order from a dentist
C) written prescription or verbal order from a healthcare professional whose license permits this
D) all of the above

Question 24

Complete this inscription that is commonly seen on the drug package: "Caution: Federal law prohibits ________."

A) the use of Schedule I drugs
B) the regulation of prescription drugs
C) dispensing by a nurse
D) dispensing without a prescription

Question 25

If you had lived during the 1700s and 1800s,it would not have been unusual for you to ________.

A) have taken a drug that contained opium, morphine, heroin, or cocaine
B) be addicted without knowing it after taking a drug for a common disease
C) take a drug whose addictive ingredients were not listed on the label
D) all of the above

Question 26

A schedule defines drugs by their ________.

A) classification or category
B) potential for physical dependence
C) potential for psychological dependence
D) B and C

Question 27

Drug legislation was passed in the early 1900s to protect the public from ________.

A) unscrupulous drug sellers
B) prescription drugs
C) worthless, mislabeled, and dangerous drugs
D) A and C

Question 28

Which of these ancient peoples practiced pharmacology?

A) Egyptians
B) Chinese
C) Native Americans of North America and Aztec Indians of Mexico
D) all of the above

Question 29

Which drug was historically introduced first?

A) Tagamet for peptic ulcers (first H₂ blocker drug)
B) Morphine for pain, from the opium poppy
C) Humulin (human insulin) (first recombinant DNA technology drug)
D) AZT (first drug for HIV)

Question 30

All of the following are minerals that are used in drugs or as dietary supplements EXCEPT ________.

A) iron
B) calcium
C) gold
D) cinchona bark

Question 31

The majority of drugs are used to control,improve,or cure symptoms,signs,and diseases of a physiological or psychological nature.This is categorized as a ________ use.

A) preventive
B) diagnostic
C) prescription
D) therapeutic

Question 32

An example of a Schedule I drug is ________.

A) aspirin
B) Ambien
C) LSD
D) all of the above

Question 33

The first monoclonal antibody drug (Orthoclone OKT3)was developed in ________.

A) 1896
B) 1936
C) 1986
D) 2010

Question 34

Powdered rose hips from the rose plant are still used today as a natural source of ________.

A) morphine
B) vitamin C
C) insulin
D) all of the above

Question 35

In response to the tragedy of babies born with seal limbs because of thalidomide,this legislation required drugs to be both safe and effective before being marketed.

A) Food and Drug Modernization Act of 1997
B) Kefauver-Harris Amendment of 1962
C) Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
D) The Food and Drugs Act of 1906

Question 36

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)of 1996 is concerned with the ________ of patient medical and drug information.

A) accuracy
B) identity
C) security
D) all of the above

Question 37

The belladonna plant was the original source of the drugs ________ that are still used today.

A) atropine and digoxin
B) ephedrine and morphine
C) atropine and scopolamine
D) colchicine and morphine

Question 38

The Controlled Substances Act created ________ categories of drugs based on their potential for addiction.

A) seven
B) three
C) five
D) ten

Question 39

Jamie Alvarez is going to fly in an airplane for the first time.She is afraid she might experience motion sickness,so she has decided to take the over-the-counter drug Dramamine.This is an example of the ________ use of a drug.

A) preventive
B) therapeutic
C) diagnostic
D) all of the above

Question 40

The government agency responsible for regulating the manufacturing and dispensing of controlled substances is called the ________.

A) Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
B) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
C) United States Pharmacopeia
D) Schedule Drug Agency

Question 41

The mineral gold is used to treat ________.

A) diabetes mellitus
B) rheumatoid arthritis
C) mineral deficiency
D) baldness

Question 42

The combining of several ingredients to form a single drug is known as ________.

A) molecular pharmacology
B) personalized medicine
C) compounding
D) human genome

Question 43

The first federal drug law was the ________.

A) Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
B) Dietary Supplements and Health and Education Act
C) Pure Food and Drugs Act
D) Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act

Question 44

According to the federal Controlled Substances Act of 1870,marijuana is an illegal Schedule ________ drug.

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 45

The Federal Analogue Act of 1986 made it easier to prosecute those who produced and sold ________.

A) prescription drugs
B) designer drugs
C) over-the-counter drugs
D) schedule drugs

Question 46

Pharmacology includes all of the following interrelated topics,EXCEPT ________.

A) philosophy and religion
B) molecular chemistry and genetics
C) patient education
D) legislation and technology

Question 47

The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 did all of the following,EXCEPT ________.

A) regulate controlled substances
B) introduce the word narcotic
C) divide potentially addictive drugs into categories
D) regulate schedule drugs

Question 48

A list of all drugs being used,their ingredients,their uses,and how to prepare them was known as ________.

A) a recipe
B) pharmacology
C) a pharmacopoeia
D) an apothecary

Question 49

Which of the following is true about drugs in the Middle Ages?

A) Some of the drug ingredients were based on medical lore and superstition.
B) Some of the drug ingredients were therapeutic.
C) Some of the drug ingredients were worthless or even harmful.
D) all of the above

Question 50

In 1853,Dr.Alexander Wood of Scotland created the first ________.

A) polio vaccine
B) prescription drug
C) hypodermic syringe
D) antibiotic drug

Question 51

The 1951 Durham-Humphrey Amendment to the Food,Drug,and Cosmetic Act defined ________ drugs as those drugs that could only be given to patients under the care of a physician.

A) dangerous
B) prescription
C) schedule
D) all of the above

Question 52

Which organization requires that a hospital develop its own list of acceptable medical and drug abbreviations to avoid drug errors?

A) Drug Enforcement Agency
B) Joint Commission
C) Medicare
D) Food and Drug Administration

Question 53

Designer drugs ________.

A) are created by slightly modifying the molecular structure of a Schedule I or II drug.
B) are also known as analog drugs
C) are created to avoid prosecution under existing drug laws.
D) all of the above

Question 54

States that allow healthcare providers to prescribe controlled substances first require them to register at the federal level with ________.

A) the Drug Enforcement Agency
B) Medicare
C) Joint Commission
D) the Food and Drug Administration

Question 55

All of the following are advantages to reclassifying a prescription drug to be an over-the-counter drug (OTC),EXCEPT ________.

A) the cost of the OTC drug will be lower
B) the patient will have better access to quick treatment
C) there is a greater chance for drug-drug interactions
D) the patient will need fewer doctor visits for prescription refills

Question 56

The apothecary system of measurement included all of the following,EXCEPT ________.

A) drams
B) milliliters
C) grains
D) scruples

Question 57

The first drug ever approved by the FDA to treat the nausea and vomiting of pregnancy was ________.

A) AZT
B) thalidomide
C) Diclegis
D) Viagra

Question 58

The thalidomide drug tragedy occurred in the late 1950s when the drug ________.

A) was used to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnant women
B) caused babies to be born with seal limbs
C) was prescribed in Europe, but not the United States
D) all of the above

Question 59

The FDA will allow a prescription drug to be reclassified as an over-the-counter (OTC)drug if ________.

A) the prescription drug is too dangerous to use at its higher doses
B) a patient can easily diagnose and monitor his/her own condition
C) there is enough public pressure after a drug tragedy
D) all of the above

Question 60

The FDA Safety and Administration Act allowed the FDA to ________.

A) impose penalties for not having inspection of drugs imported from outside the U.S.
B) include a provision for "breakthrough therapy"
C) speed up review of a drug that was clearly better than others already on the market
D) all of the above

Question 61

In the early 1900s,pharmacists used cocoa butter as an ingredient in making hand-rolled suppositories.

Question 62

The Egyptians applied moldy bread to abrasions,a practice that we now know actually had some therapeutic basis.

Question 63

The isolation of potassium from water in 1806 by a German pharmacist marked the beginning of modern drug treatment using chemically pure ingredients.

Question 64

In order to prevent childhood diseases,the American Academy of Pediatrics issues an annual immunization schedule listing the immunizations to be given to children before they enroll in school.

Question 65

Some estrogen replacement therapy drugs are derived from yams.

Question 66

The FDA regulates prescription drugs,but not over-the-counter (OTC)drugs.

Question 67

The discipline of pharmacology impacts a student's chosen career as well as his/her personal life.

Question 68

The FDA only allows physicians to prescribe FDA-approved drugs that are already on the market.

Question 69

An OTC drug is defined as a drug that can be purchased without a prescription and is generally considered safe for consumers to use if the label's directions and warnings are followed carefully and all warnings are heeded.

Question 70

The Dietary Supplements and Health and Education Act of 1994 made the FDA responsible for regulating all herbal products and dietary supplements.

Question 71

The opium poppy has been used for centuries as a recreational drug to cause euphoria and is also used to treat severe pain.

Question 72

The 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act gives the FDA the authority to regulate dietary supplements as drugs.

Question 73

An important patient safety issue was solved in 1984 with the introduction of ________.

A) drug legislation
B) the human genome
C) childproof caps for drugs
D) orphan drugs

Question 74

Multivitamin supplements contain minerals such as calcium,iron,gold,copper,and zinc.

Question 75

The FDA regulates prescription drugs,but the DEA regulates over-the-counter drugs.

Question 76

The word drug can mean a medicine,but it can also refer to illegal or street drugs.

Question 77

In common usage,the word drug can be used interchangeably with the word medicine.

Question 78

Prescription drugs can only be obtained with a written order or a verbal order from a healthcare provider whose license permits this.

Question 79

A drug or a medicine can be thought of as any nonfood chemical substance that affects the mind or the body.

Question 80

Drugs in the 1700s and 1800s often listed an addictive ingredient on its label,and consumers knew to avoid this.