Deck 4: Routes of Administration and the Drug Cycle

Question 1

All of the following are drugs that are given intravenously,EXCEPT ________.

A) chemotherapy drugs
B) peritoneal dialysis fluids for patients with kidney failure
C) diazepam (Valium) to control continuous epileptic seizures
D) thiopental (Pentothal) for the induction of general anesthesia

Answer 1

peritoneal dialysis fluids for patients with kidney failure

Question 2

Drugs given orally are absorbed from the intestines into the blood of the portal vein.Before this vein empties into the general circulation,it passed through the ________.

A) intestines
B) kidney
C) liver
D) skin

Answer 2

liver

Question 3

The memory aid NAVEL (naloxone,atropine,Valium,epinephrine,lidocaine)helps you remember which drugs can be administered ________.

A) through an endotracheal tube
B) nasally
C) buccally
D) topically

Answer 3

through an endotracheal tube

Question 4

Which of these are special words related to the intravenous route of administration?

A) piggyback and port
B) bolus and push
C) infusion and drip
D) all of the above

Question 5

When a drug is applied directly to the skin,eyes,or ears,it is administered via the ________ route.

A) oral
B) sublingual
C) topical
D) transdermal

Question 6

Which of the following drugs is given by subcutaneous injection?

A) insulin for diabetes mellitus
B) heparin
C) allergy shots
D) all of the above

Question 7

Sublingual administration of a drug involves placing it ________.

A) on the skin
B) under the tongue
C) in the vagina
D) under the skin

Question 8

Patients with kidney disease and elderly patients with a decreased level of kidney function due to aging are prescribed ________.

A) lower doses of drugs
B) higher doses of drugs
C) the same dose of drugs
D) different routes of administration

Question 9

In actual clinical use,which of the following is NOT considered to be part of the parenteral route of administration?

A) intradermal
B) intramuscular
C) endotracheal
D) intravenous

Question 10

Which of the following routes CANNOT be used to administer drugs to an unconscious patient?

A) oral
B) rectal
C) intravenous
D) none of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps involved in the drug cycle?

A) absorption
B) distribution
C) metabolism
D) secretion

Question 12

Any liquid drug that can be given by the oral route can also be given by any of these routes,EXCEPT ________.

A) jejunostomy
B) nasogastric
C) transdermal
D) gastrostomy

Question 13

Which method of drug administration is only used during emergency resuscitation?

A) intra-articular
B) intracardiac
C) intravesical
D) intramuscular

Question 14

For most drug forms,absorption involved three steps.Which of the following is NOT one of the three steps of absorption?

A) absorb
B) disintegrate
C) dissolve
D) excrete

Question 15

Following drug administration,most drugs go through a well-defined sequence of steps before being excreted from the body.Which of the following is the correct order of those steps?

A) absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
B) distribution, metabolism, absorption, excretion
C) excretion, metabolism, distribution, absorption
D) metabolism, distribution, absorption, excretion

Question 16

Which route of administration is chosen when the patient is vomiting and a drug cannot be given by injection?

A) intradermal
B) parenteral
C) rectal
D) sublingual

Question 17

The process of drug metabolism is accomplished in the ________,the principal organ of metabolism.

A) intestines
B) kidneys
C) liver
D) stomach

Question 18

Oral drugs that are in a liquid form do NOT go through which of the following steps?

A) absorption
B) disintegration
C) dissolving
D) excretion

Question 19

Which is the most convenient route of administration and the one most commonly used?

A) injection
B) oral
C) rectal
D) tablets

Question 20

An intravenous drug can be administered in three different ways.Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of intravenous drug administration?

A) bolus
B) I.V. piggyback
C) I.V. infusion
D) port

Question 21

Which drug is inactivated by stomach acid and cannot be taken orally?

A) tetracycline antibiotic drug
B) MAO inhibitor drugs for depression
C) penicillin antibiotic drug
D) all of the above

Question 22

Drug doses for an elderly patient are decreased because of the patient's decreased ________.

A) need for medication
B) activity levels
C) mental ability to administer correct doses
D) liver and kidney function

Question 23

When a drug is given by inhalation,it is absorbed ________.

A) through the stomach and intestine
B) through the nasal cavity
C) through the lungs
D) through the breast milk

Question 24

The intravesical route of administration is used to administer chemotherapy drugs into the ________.

A) lungs
B) abdomen
C) spinal cord
D) bladder

Question 25

An equivalent word for metabolism is ________.

A) biotransformation
B) metabolite
C) distribution
D) parenteral

Question 26

Which of the following drugs is not absorbed following oral administration,but has a therapeutic effect in the stomach or intestines?

A) Carafate, an antiulcer drug
B) Metamucil for constipation
C) neomycin antibiotic to kill bacteria in the intestine before surgery
D) all of the above

Question 27

Only drugs given by ________ administration entirely bypass the step of absorption.

A) endotracheal
B) subcutaneous
C) oral
D) intravenous

Question 28

All of the following are accepted sites for an intramuscular injection in adults,EXCEPT ________.

A) ventrogluteal
B) subcutaneous
C) deltoid
D) dorsogluteal

Question 29

Drugs circulate in the blood bound to ________.

A) red blood cells
B) white blood cells
C) albumin
D) plasma

Question 30

As a drug leaves the blood and moves through all the body tissues,it comes in contact with ________.

A) receptors
B) the blood-brain barrier
C) placenta
D) all of the above

Question 31

Parenteral administration of a drug commonly includes all of the following routes,EXCEPT ________.

A) intramuscular
B) intravenous
C) oral
D) subcutaneous

Question 32

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Each route of administration has distinct advantages and disadvantages.
B) Tablets, capsules, and liquids can all given orally.
C) When you are administering a topical drug, as you face the patient, your right-hand side corresponds to the patient's right-hand side.
D) Topical ophthalmic ointment is specially formulated to be nonirritating to the eye; it is not interchangeable with topical ointments used on the skin.

Question 33

Which route of administration is commonly abbreviated as PO?

A) oral
B) parenteral
C) rectal
D) inhalation

Question 34

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) All syringes are calibrated in units.
B) When an intradermal injection is positioned correctly, the tip of the needle is still visible through the epidermis.
C) An intramuscular injection is placed in the belly (area of greatest mass) of the muscle.
D) Drugs injected intramuscularly are absorbed more quickly than with subcutaneous administration.

Question 35

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Different forms of a drug are appropriate for different routes of administration.
B) Intradermal injection injects the drug into the subcutaneous fat.
C) Some drugs are ineffective when administered by a certain route.
D) Drugs may seriously injury the patient if administered by the wrong route.

Question 36

All of the following drugs are administered topically,EXCEPT ________.

A) nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) tablets
B) antibiotic ointment for a skin injury
C) eye drops for glaucoma
D) antibiotic drops for an ear infection

Question 37

The first-pass effect describes the ________.

A) metabolism of drugs by the stomach
B) metabolism of drugs by the liver
C) absorption of drugs by the stomach
D) excretion of drugs by the kidneys

Question 38

Drugs that are not absorbed after oral administration ________.

A) are metabolized in the stomach
B) can be used to treat diseases of the stomach or intestine
C) are not therapeutically effective
D) are excreted in the urine

Question 39

Which of the following drugs is manufactured as a transdermal patch?

A) Serevent, a bronchodilator drug for asthma
B) Monistat for a yeast infection
C) synthetic lung surfactant to treat respiratory distress in premature infants
D) Nicoderm CQ to stop smoking

Question 40

All of the following drugs are given via the rectal route of administration,EXCEPT ________.

A) Monistat cream for a yeast infection
B) Tylenol suppositories for a fever
C) Anusol cream for hemorrhoids
D) Proctofoam-HC for ulcerative colitis

Question 41

The topical route of administration of drugs always has a systemic effect on the body.

Question 42

Systemic absorption of a drug via the rectal route of administration is slow and often unpredictable.

Question 43

Although other organs are involved to a limited degree,the principal organ of drug excretion is the kidney.

Question 44

Only intravenous injections entirely bypass the step of absorption because the drug is administered directly into a vein and immediately enters the blood.

Question 45

Which of the following is an intravenous drug that is known to be very irritating and can cause blisters if it accidentally goes into the subcutaneous tissue?

A) implantable port
B) vesicant
C) gastrostomy
D) parenteral

Question 46

Which route of administration is used to put a chemotherapy drug directly into the area of a cancerous tumor?

A) intra-articular
B) umbilical artery
C) epidural
D) intra-arterial

Question 47

The umbilical route is used to administer intravenous fluids and draw blood,but is not generally used to give drugs.

Question 48

Absorption involves the movement of a drug from the site of administration through the tissues and into the blood.

Question 49

The intradermal route of administration is used for ________.

A) give intravenous fluids
B) allergy skin tests
C) Mantoux test for tuberculosis
D) B and C

Question 50

The inhalation route of drug administration involves the inhaling of a drug that is in a gas,liquid,or powder form.

Question 51

All of the following are true about a saline lock,EXCEPT ________.

A) it allows intravenous access without the need for a continuously infusing I.V. fluid
B) it keeps the vein free of clots
C) it uses an I.V. bag and an infusion pump
D) it is a way to administer intravenous drugs on an intermittent basis

Question 52

A drug can be effective and therapeutic,regardless of the route by which it is administered.

Question 53

The sublingual route of drug administration provides a faster therapeutic effect than the oral route.

Question 54

Before a drug can receive final approval by the FDA,the drug company must clearly state what routes of administration have been found to be safe and effective.

Question 55

While the nasal administration of a drug is done topically,some nasal spray drugs act systemically throughout the body.

Question 56

Why are drugs absorbed slowly after subcutaneous administration?

A) because there are only a few blood vessels in the subcutaneous layer
B) because fat metabolizes a drug quickly
C) because the fat layer is so deep
D) all of the above

Question 57

Pregnant women are advised to only take drugs that are prescribed by their healthcare provider.

Question 58

The therapeutic effect of a drug given intravenously takes a while to be seen in the body as it has to travel through the systemic circulation.

Question 59

Some drugs are approved for use via more than one route and are manufactured in different drug forms appropriate for those different routes.

Question 60

Trace amounts of a drug are excreted in which of the following?

A) saliva and tears
B) breast milk
C) sweat
D) all of the above

Question 61

Some drugs cannot be given by intramuscular injection because they are not water soluble and would form precipitates in the muscle tissue.

Question 62

The intra-articular route of administration is used to administer a chemotherapy drug directly into the area of a cancerous tumor.

Question 63

The blood-brain barrier is a protective barrier between the brain and the capillary walls of blood vessels around the brain,and no drug can penetrate this barrier.

Question 64

The intracardiac route is only used to give a drug during an emergency resuscitation.

Question 65

The intravenous route is used to administer drugs,fluids,or blood and maintain venous access between drug doses.

Question 66

Giving a drug by the wrong route can make the drug ineffective or or can injure the patient or even cause death.

Question 67

The presence or absence of food in the GI tract can reduce the absorption of a drug from 30 percent to as much as 80 percent.

Question 68

A tablet is not swallowed if it is given by the sublingual route.

Question 69

Tablets,capsules,and liquids are all given by the oral route.

Question 70

The oral route of drug administration is abbreviated as ________ or ________.

Question 71

Each year,many infants are born addicted to drugs that their mothers took,or they are born with birth defects due to the action of drugs taken by their mothers.

Question 72

The ________ route of administration differs from the topical route in that the drug is applied to the skin,but the therapeutic effects are felt systemically,not just at the site of administration.

Question 73

For intradermal administration of a liquid drug,the syringe is inserted at a 90-degree angle.

Question 74

The names Broviac,Hickman,and Groshong are all associated with types of endotracheal tubes.

Question 75

Once a drug is administered,it goes through the four steps of the ________.

Question 76

The word nasogastric means pertaining to the nose and lungs.

Question 77

Ointment used topically on the skin can also be used in the eye,when needed.

Question 78

Different forms of a drug are appropriate for different routes of administration.

Question 79

Following topical administration of a drug,the drug form does not need to undergo disintegration as it quickly dissolves in the tissue fluids of the skin.

Question 80

Many drugs are administered via the buccal route.