Deck 8: Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems

Question 1

In 1898,after sustaining severe burns attributed to radiation exposure,this Boston dentist began investigating the hazards of radiation exposure and became the first known determined advocate of radiation protection

A)Marie Curie.
B)Clarence Madison Dally.
C)Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen.
D)William Herbert Rollins.

Answer 1

William Herbert Rollins.

Question 2

The correct order of development of the male germ cell from the stem cell phase to the mature cell is

A)spermatogonia,spermatocyte,spermatid,sperm.
B)spermatocyte,spermatogonia,spermatid,sperm.
C)spermatid,spermatogonia,spermatocyte,sperm.
D)sperm,spermatid,spermatogonia,spermatocyte.

Answer 2

spermatogonia,spermatocyte,spermatid,sperm.

Question 3

A term that is synonymous with epilation is

A)alopecia.
B)atrophy.
C)desquamation.
D)radiodermatitis.

Answer 3

alopecia.

Question 4

What determines the rate of production of chromosome aberrations?
1)The total radiation dose given to a somatic cell
2)The total radiation given to a genetic cell
3)The period of time in which radiation dose was delivered

A)1,and 2 only
B)1,and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Question 5

During cardiovascular or other therapeutic interventional procedures that use high-level fluoroscopy for extended periods,the effects of ionizing radiation on the skin are

A)nonexistent.
B)minimal.
C)moderate.
D)significant.

Question 6

The hematopoietic form of acute radiation syndrome is also called the

A)Auger syndrome.
B)bone marrow syndrome.
C)cerebrovascular syndrome.
D)cytogenetic syndrome.

Question 7

If a person receives radiation exposure sufficient to cause the gastrointestinal syndrome,fatality occurs primarily because of

A)convulsive seizures.
B)catastrophic damage to the epithelial cells that line the gastrointestinal track,resulting in the death of the exposed person within 3 to 5 days from a combination of infection,fluid loss,and electrolytic imbalance.
C)edema in the cranial vault.
D)meningitis.

Question 8

For persons with hematopoietic syndrome,survival time shortens as the radiation dose

A)decreases.
B)increases.
C)remains the same.
D)there is no survival time for persons with the hematopoietic syndrome.

Question 9

Which of the following are classified as early tissue reactions of ionizing radiation?

A)Erythema,cataract formation,and cancer
B)Nausea,epilation,and intestinal disorders
C)Male and female sterility,embryologic defects,and cancer
D)Blood disorders,fever,and genetic effects

Question 10

In females the oogonia,the ovarian stem cells

A)divide and reduce in number only during fetal development.
B)multiply to millions of cells only during fetal development.
C)are not present during fetal life.
D)are present only in very small numbers during fetal life.

Question 11

The term LD 50/30 signifies the whole-body dose of radiation that can be lethal to

A)50% of the exposed population in 30 days.
B)30% of the exposed population in 50 days.
C)50% of the exposed population in 50 days.
D)30% of the exposed population in 30 days.

Question 12

Organ and tissue response to radiation exposure depends on factors such as
1)radiosensitivity.
2)reproductive characteristics.
3)growth rate.

A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Question 13

A single absorbed dose of 2 Gyt can cause a radiation-induced skin erythema within

A)1 hour after irradiation.
B)6 hours after irradiation.
C)12 hours after irradiation.
D)24 to 48 hours after irradiation.

Question 14

Attempts have been made to measure chromosome aberrations after diagnostic x-ray imaging procedures

A)and these studies have been very successful in measuring the number of chromosome aberrations that occurred.
B)but successful results have not been achieved in these studies.
C)but these studies have only been moderately successful in measuring the number of chromosome aberrations that occurred.
D)these studies have only been minimally successful in measuring the number of chromosome aberrations that occurred.

Question 15

The correct order of development for the female germ cell from the stem cell phase to the mature cell is

A)ovum,mature follicle,corpus luteum,primordial follicle.
B)corpus luteum,primordial follicle,mature follicle,ovum.
C)primordial follicle,ovum,corpus luteum,mature follicle.
D)primordial follicle,mature follicle,corpus luteum,ovum.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a form of acute radiation syndrome?

A)Carcinogenic syndrome
B)Hematopoietic syndrome
C)Gastrointestinal syndrome
D)Cerebrovascular syndrome

Question 17

Some local tissues suffer immediate consequences from high radiation doses.Examples of such tissues include
1)bone marrow.
2)male and female reproductive organs.
3)skin.

A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3

Question 18

The prodromal stage of acute radiation syndrome is actually the

A)initial stage.
B)latent period.
C)manifest illness period.
D)recovery period.

Question 19

Research has shown that repeated radiation injuries have a

A)cumulative effect.
B)quadratic effect.
C)sigmoidal effect.
D)threshold effect.

Question 20

Atrophy refers to

A)aging of the skin from radiation exposure.
B)shrinkage of organs and tissues after a high radiation dose is received.
C)necrosis of the hypodermis from radiation exposure.
D)wrinkling of the skin from radiation exposure.

Question 21

Data from epidemiologic studies of human populations exposed to doses of ionizing radiation sufficient to cause this syndrome have been obtained from
1)atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
2)Marshall Islanders who were inadvertently subjected to high levels of fallout during an atomic bomb test in 1954.
3)nuclear radiation accident victims,such as those injured in the 1986 Chernobyl disaster.
4)patients who have undergone radiation therapy.

A)1,2,and 3 only
B)1,3,and 4 only
C)2,3,and 4 only
D)1,2,3,and 4

Question 22

During the major response stages of acute radiation syndrome after the prodromal stage,the period when symptoms that affect the hematopoietic,gastrointestinal,and cerebrovascular systems become visible,is called

A)the latent period.
B)manifest illness.
C)the cytogenic syndrome.
D)recovery.

Question 23

Moist and dry desquamation can be caused by

A)high radiation doses.
B)low radiation doses.
C)radiation doses received during routine diagnostic imaging procedures.
D)radiation dose received during annual testing of diagnostic imaging equipment.

Question 24

Grenz rays were once used to treat and successfully cure

A)acute radiation syndrome.
B)cancer.
C)lupus disease.
D)skin diseases such as ringworm.

Question 25

Early tissue reactions are

A)common in diagnostic imaging.
B)not common in diagnostic imaging.
C)a result of irradiation of acellular tissue.
D)a result of grenz rays in a diagnostic x-ray beam.