Question 1

A 4-year-old grabs toys from siblings and says,"I want that now!" The siblings cry,and the child's parent becomes upset with the behavior.Using Freudian theory,the nurse can interpret this behavior as a product of impulses originating in the:

A) id.
B) ego.
C) superego.
D) preconscious.

id.

Accepted Answer

The id operates on the pleasure principle,seeking immediate gratification of impulses.The ego acts as a mediator of behavior and weighs the consequences of the action,perhaps determining that taking the toy is not worth the mother's wrath.The superego would oppose the impulsive behavior as "not nice." The preconscious is a level of awareness.

Question 2

A nurse listens to a group of recent retirees.One says,"I volunteer with Meals on Wheels,coach teen sports,and do church visitation." Another laughs and says,"I'm too busy taking care of myself to volunteer to help others." Which developmental task do these statements contrast?

A) Trust and mistrust
B) Intimacy and isolation
C) Industry and inferiority
D) Generativity and self-absorption

Generativity and self-absorption

Accepted Answer

Both retirees are in middle adulthood,when the developmental crisis to be resolved is generativity versus self-absorption.One exemplifies generativity;the other embodies self-absorption.This developmental crisis would show a contrast between relating to others in a trusting fashion or being suspicious and lacking trust.Failure to negotiate this developmental crisis would result in a sense of inferiority or difficulty learning and working as opposed to the ability to work competently.Behaviors that would be contrasted would be emotional isolation and the ability to love and commit oneself.

Question 3

A nurse influenced by Peplau's interpersonal theory works with an anxious,withdrawn patient.Interventions should focus on:&#10;A) rewarding desired behaviors.&#10;B) changing the patient's self-concept.&#10;C) administering medications to relieve anxiety.&#10;D) enhancing the patient's interactions with others.

Accepted Answer

The nurse-patient relationship is structured to provide a model for adaptive interpersonal relationships that can be generalized to others.The distracters apply to theories of cognitive,behavioral,and biological therapy.

Question 4

A 2-year-old child often displays negative behaviors.The parent says,"My child refuses toilet training and shouts 'No!' when given directions.What do you think is wrong?" Select the nurse's best reply.

A) "The child needs firmer control.It is important to set limits now."
B) "This is normal for your child's age.The child is striving for independence."
C) "There may be developmental problems.Most children are toilet trained by age 2."
D) "Some undesirable attitudes are developing.A child psychologist can help you develop a plan."

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Accepted Answer

This behavior is typical of a child around the age of 2 years whose developmental task is to develop autonomy.The distracters indicate the child's behavior is abnormal.

Question 5

A patient says,&#34;I never know the answers,&#34; and &#34;My opinion doesn't count.&#34; The nurse correctly assesses that this patient had difficulty resolving which psychosocial crisis?&#10;A) Initiative versus guilt&#10;B) Trust versus mistrust&#10;C) Autonomy versus shame and doubt&#10;D) Generativity versus self-absorption

Accepted Answer

These statements show severe self-doubt,indicating that the crisis of gaining control over the environment was not successfully met.Unsuccessful resolution of the crisis of initiative versus guilt results in feelings of guilt.Unsuccessful resolution of the crisis of trust versus mistrust results in poor interpersonal relationships and suspicion of others.Unsuccessful resolution of the crisis of generativity versus self-absorption results in self-absorption that limits the ability to grow as a person.

Question 6

A 26-month-old displays negative behavior,refuses toilet training,and often says,&#34;No!&#34; Which psychosocial crisis is evident?&#10;A) Trust versus mistrust&#10;B) Initiative versus guilt&#10;C) Industry versus inferiority&#10;D) Autonomy versus shame and doubt

Accepted Answer

The crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt relates to the developmental task of gaining control of self and environment,as exemplified by toilet training.This psychosocial crisis occurs during the period of early childhood.Trust versus mistrust is the crisis of the infant.Initiative versus guilt is the crisis of the preschool and early-school-aged child.Industry versus inferiority is the crisis of the 6- to 12-year-old child.

Question 7

The parent of a child with schizophrenia tearfully asks the nurse,&#34;What could I have done differently to prevent this illness?&#34; Select the nurse's best response.&#10;A) &#34;Although schizophrenia results from impaired family relationships,try not to feel guilty.No one can predict how a child will respond to parental guidance.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Schizophrenia is a biological illness resulting from changes in how the brain and nervous system function.You are not to blame for your child's illness.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;There is still hope.Changing your parenting style can help your child learn to cope effectively with the environment.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Most mental illnesses result from genetic inheritance.Your genes are more at fault than your parenting.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The parent's comment suggests feelings of guilt or inadequacy.The nurse's response should address these feelings as well as provide information.Patients and families need reassurance that the major mental disorders are biological in origin and are not the "fault" of parents.One distracter places the burden of having faulty genes on the shoulders of the parents.The other distracters are neither wholly accurate nor reassuring.

Question 8

A patient had psychotherapy weekly for 5 months.The therapist used free association,dream analysis,and facilitated transference to help the patient understand conflicts and foster change.Select the term that applies to this method.

A) Rational-emotive behavior therapy
B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy
C) Psychodynamic psychotherapy
D) Operant conditioning

Accepted Answer

The situation describes psychodynamic psychotherapy.The distracters use other techniques.

Question 9

Consider a therapist's statement: &#34;The patient is homosexual but has kept this preference secret.Severe anxiety and depression occur when the patient anticipates family reactions to this sexual orientation.&#34; Which perspective is evident in the speaker?&#10;A) Theory of interpersonal relationships&#10;B) Classical conditioning theory&#10;C) Psychosexual theory&#10;D) Behaviorism theory

Accepted Answer

The theory of interpersonal relationships recognizes the anxiety and depression as resulting from unmet interpersonal security needs.Behaviorism and classical conditioning theories do not apply.A psychosexual formulation would focus on uncovering unconscious material that relates to the patient problem.

Question 10

A psychiatric technician says,&#34;Common sense is the most important part of working with people who have mental illness.Theories are just something to fill up textbooks.&#34; The nurse wants to educate the technician by identifying which common use of Sullivan's theory?&#10;A) The method nurses use to determine the best sequence for nursing actions&#10;B) The ongoing use of restraint and seclusion as behavior-management tools&#10;C) The structure of the therapeutic milieu of most behavioral health units&#10;D) Assessment tools based on age-appropriate versus arrested behaviors

Accepted Answer

The structure of the therapeutic environment has as foci an accepting atmosphere and provision of opportunities for practicing interpersonal skills.Both constructs are directly attributable to Sullivan's theory of interpersonal relationships.Sullivan's interpersonal theory did not specifically consider use of restraint or seclusion.Assessment based on developmental level is more the result of Erikson's theories.Sequencing nursing actions based on patient priority needs is related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Question 11

Which patient statement would lead the nurse to suspect unsuccessful completion of the developmental task of infancy?&#10;A) &#34;I have very warm and close friendships.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;I'm afraid to allow anyone to really get to know me.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;I'm always absolutely right,so don't bother saying more.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;I'm ashamed that I didn't do things correctly in the first place.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which patient statement would lead the nurse...

Question 12

Although ego defense mechanisms and security operations are unconsciously determined and designed to relieve anxiety,the major difference is:&#10;A) defense mechanisms are intrapsychic and not observable.&#10;B) defense mechanisms cause arrested personal development.&#10;C) security operations are masterminded by the id and superego.&#10;D) security operations address interpersonal relationship activities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although ego defense mechanisms and security operations...

Question 13

The parent of a 4-year-old rewards and praises the child for helping a younger sibling,being polite,and using good manners.The nurse supports the use of praise related to these behaviors.These qualities will likely be internalized and become part of the child's:

A) id.
B) ego.
C) superego.
D) preconscious.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The parent of a 4-year-old rewards and...

Question 14

A nurse uses Maslow's hierarchy of needs to plan care for a patient with mental illness.Which problem will receive priority? The patient:&#10;A) refuses to eat or bathe.&#10;B) reports feelings of alienation from family.&#10;C) is reluctant to participate in unit social activities.&#10;D) is unaware of medication action and side effects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse uses Maslow's hierarchy of needs...

Question 15

A student nurse says,&#34;I don't need to interact with my patients.I learn what I need to know by observation.&#34; An instructor can best interpret the nursing implications of Sullivan's theory to this student by responding:&#10;A) &#34;Interactions are required in order to help you develop therapeutic communication skills.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Nurses cannot be isolated.We must interact to provide patients with opportunities to practice interpersonal skills.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Observing patient interactions will help you formulate priority nursing diagnoses and appropriate interventions.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;It is important to note patients' behavioral changes,because these signify adjustments in personality.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A student nurse says,&#34;I don't need to...

Question 16

Operant conditioning is part of the treatment plan to encourage speech in a child who is nearly mute.Which technique applies?&#10;A) Encourage the child to observe others talking.&#10;B) Include the child in small group activities.&#10;C) Give the child a small treat for speaking.&#10;D) Teach the child relaxation techniques.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Operant conditioning is part of the treatment...

Question 17

A 26-month-old displays negative behavior,refuses toilet training,and often says,&#34;No!&#34; Which stage of psychosexual development is evident?&#10;A) Oral&#10;B) Anal&#10;C) Phallic&#10;D) Genital

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 26-month-old displays negative behavior,refuses toilet training,and...

Question 18

A nurse supports a parent for praising a child behaving in a helpful way.When this child behaves with politeness and helpfulness in adulthood,which feeling will most likely result?&#10;A) Guilt&#10;B) Anxiety&#10;C) Humility&#10;D) Self-esteem

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse supports a parent for praising...

Question 19

A patient expresses the desire to be cared for by others and often behaves in a helpless fashion.The patient's needs relate to which stage of psychosexual development?&#10;A) Latency&#10;B) Phallic&#10;C) Anal&#10;D) Oral

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient expresses the desire to be...

Question 20

A patient is suspicious and frequently manipulates others.To which psychosexual stage do these traits relate?&#10;A) Oral&#10;B) Anal&#10;C) Phallic&#10;D) Genital

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient is suspicious and frequently manipulates...

Question 21

A college student received an invitation to attend the wedding of a close friend who lives across the country.The student is afraid of flying.What type of therapy would the nurse suggest?&#10;A) Psychoanalysis&#10;B) Milieu therapy&#10;C) Systematic desensitization&#10;D) Short-term dynamic therapy

Accepted Answer

The answer of A college student received an invitation to...

Question 22

Which comment(s)by an elderly person best indicate successful completion of developmental tasks? Select all that apply.&#10;A) &#34;I am proud of my children's successes in life.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;I should have given to charities more often.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;My relationship with my father made life more difficult for me.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;My experiences in the war helped me appreciate the meaning of life.&#34;&#10;E) &#34;I often wonder what would have happened if I had chosen a different career.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which comment(s)by an elderly person best indicate...

Question 23

A psychotherapist works with an anxious,dependent patient.Which strategy is most consistent with psychoanalytic psychotherapy?&#10;A) Identifying the patient's strengths and assets&#10;B) Praising the patient for describing feelings of isolation&#10;C) Focusing on feelings developed by the patient toward the therapist&#10;D) Providing psychoeducation and emphasizing medication adherence

Accepted Answer

The answer of A psychotherapist works with an anxious,dependent patient.Which...

Question 24

A cognitive strategy the nurse could use to help a dependent patient would be:&#10;A) avoidance training.&#10;B) filling the patient's pill minder.&#10;C) interpreting the patient's dream content.&#10;D) examining the patient's fears related to being independent.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A cognitive strategy the nurse could use...

Question 25

A patient states,&#34;I'm starting cognitive-behavioral therapy.What can I expect from the sessions?&#34; Which response(s)by the nurse would be appropriate? Select all that apply.&#10;A) &#34;The therapist will be active and questioning.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;You may be given homework assignments.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;The therapist will ask you to describe your dreams.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;The therapist will help you look at ideas and beliefs you have about yourself.&#34;&#10;E) &#34;The goal is to increase subjectivity about thoughts that govern your behavior.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient states,&#34;I'm starting cognitive-behavioral therapy.What can...

Question 26

A patient would benefit from therapy in which peers as well as staff have a voice in determining patient privileges and psychoeducational topics.Which approach would be best?&#10;A) Milieu therapy&#10;B) Cognitive therapy&#10;C) Short-term dynamic therapy&#10;D) Systematic desensitization

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient would benefit from therapy in...

Question 27

Order these outcomes from highest to lowest priority.The patient will:&#10;A)consume at least 50% of every meal.&#10;B)identify assets and strengths about self.&#10;C)describe characteristics of an intimate relationship.&#10;D)identify reasons to wear a helmet when riding a motorcycle.&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Order these outcomes from highest to lowest...

Question 28

A person says,&#34;I was the only survivor in a small plane crash.Three business associates died.I got depressed and saw a counselor twice a week for 4 weeks.We talked about my feelings related to being a survivor and I'm OK now.&#34; Which type of therapy was used?&#10;A) Milieu therapy&#10;B) Psychoanalysis&#10;C) Behavior modification&#10;D) Interpersonal psychotherapy

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person says,&#34;I was the only survivor...

Question 29

A patient repeatedly stated,&#34;I'm stupid.&#34; Which statement by the patient shows progress because of cognitive behavioral therapy?&#10;A) &#34;Sometimes I do stupid things.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Things always go wrong for me.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;I always fail when I try new things.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;I'm disappointed in my lack of ability.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient repeatedly stated,&#34;I'm stupid.&#34; Which statement...

Question 30

A single parent who is employed full time complains of feelings of inadequacy related to work and family.The parent seeks help from a therapist who specializes in cognitive behavioral therapy.The therapist will treat the parent by:

A) discussing ego states the parent experiences.
B) negatively reinforcing undesirable behaviors.
C) promoting assertive behavior at home and work.
D) helping the parent identify and change faulty thinking.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A single parent who is employed full...

Question 31

Which comment(s)by an adult best indicate self-actualization? Select all that apply.&#10;A) &#34;I am content with a good book.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;I often wonder if I chose the right career.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Sometimes I think about how my parents would have handled problems.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;It's important for our country to provide basic health care services for everyone.&#34;&#10;E) &#34;When I was lost at sea for 2 days,I gained an understanding of what is important.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which comment(s)by an adult best indicate self-actualization?...

Deck 2: Relevant Theories and Therapies for Nursing Practice