Deck 15: Data Preparation and Description

Question 1

Which type of variable is coded using a 0 for one response and a 1 for the other?

A) Nonmetric
B) Ordinal
C) Interval
D) Dummy
E) Ratio

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What type of data results from the employment status question?

A) Dichotomous
B) Nominal
C) Ordinal
D) Interval
E) Ratio

Answer 2

B

Question 3

_____ involves assigning numbers or other symbols to answers so that the responses can be grouped into a limited number of categories.

A) Editing
B) Data entry
C) Coding
D) Measurement
E) Operationalization

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In the example,which of the following characteristics of coding rules did the researcher fail to address adequately?

A) Appropriate categories
B) Exhaustive options
C) Mutual exclusivity
D) Single dimension
E) Closed-ended

Question 5

Allison is editing a data record and finds that a response of 7 has been entered for a question that requests a response between 1 and 5.What should Allison do?

A) Enter a response between 1 and 5
B) Enter a response of unknown
C) Enter a mode for the question
D) Enter a 3 as a neutral response
E) None of the above

Question 6

What type of data results from the vacation question?

A) Interval
B) Nominal
C) Ordinal
D) Ratio

Question 7

Which of the following code descriptions is most appropriate for the employment status question?

A) 1 = not employed, 2 = employed part-time, 3 = employed full-time, 4 = full-time student, 5 = other, 9 = missing
B) 1 = checked, 0 = not checked
C) 1 = not employed, full-time student, 2 = employed full-time, 3 = employed part-time, full-time student, 4 = not employed, other, 5 = other
D) All of the above are correct
E) None of the above are correct

Question 8

In the example,the use of the response option "other" is used to meet the requirement that categories be _____.

A) appropriate
B) exhaustive
C) mutually exclusive
D) of a single dimension
E) numeric

Question 9

Which number below is frequently used to code missing responses?

A) 0
B) 9
C) 11
D) 100
E) Missing responses are not coded

Question 10

Which term below refers to an analytical process for measuring the semantic content of a communication?

A) ANOVA
B) Regression
C) Content analysis
D) Factor analysis
E) Reliability analysis

Question 11

The process of ensuring the accuracy of data and their conversion from raw form into classified forms appropriate for analysis is called _____.

A) coding
B) data entry
C) data preparation
D) data measurement
E) quality control

Question 12

Which of the following guidelines must be followed in the development and use of coding rules?

A) Categories within a single variable must be appropriate
B) Categories within a single variable must be exhaustive
C) Categories within a single variable must be mutually exclusive
D) Categories must be derived from one classification principles
E) All of the above

Question 13

For the vacation survey,how many variables would be represented in the codebook with this question?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 6

Question 14

Which of the following code descriptions is most appropriate for coding responses to the vacation survey?

A) 1 = beach, 2 = spa, 3 = adventure, 4 = big city, 5 = foreign travel, 6 = cruise
B) 1 = beach only, 2 = beach and spa, 3 = beach, spa, and adventure, 4 = beach, spa, adventure, and big city, 5 = beach, spa, adventure, big city, and foreign travel, 6 = all of the above
C) 1 = one item checked, 2 = two items checked, 3 = three items checked, 4 = four items checked, 5 = five items checked, 6 = six items checked
D) 1 = yes, 0 = no for each variable
E) None of the above

Question 15

Closed questions are favored over open-ended questions by researchers for all of the following reasons EXCEPT _____.

A) ease of coding
B) ease of recording
C) ease of analysis
D) insight provided
E) efficiency

Question 16

A codebook generally contains all of the following information except _____.

A) variable number
B) record number
C) code description
D) instructions for coding
E) variable name

Question 17

In the example,employment levels and student status are both included as response options.This indicates that the requirement for categories to be _____ may be in violation.

A) appropriate
B) exhaustive
C) mutually exclusive
D) of a single dimension
E) numeric

Question 18

All of the following activities EXCEPT _____ are included in the data preparation process.

A) editing
B) coding
C) data entry
D) analyzing frequency distributions
E) evaluating reliability estimates

Question 19

What percentage of respondents is contacted typically during data validation?

A) 10%
B) 15%
C) 25%
D) 33%
E) 40%

Question 20

Field editing is necessary to _____.

A) send data back to the analysis team each day
B) elaborate on abbreviations commonly used during field work
C) validate that interviews took place
D) screen for qualified respondents
E) all of the above

Question 21

Which of the following statements is not true of the mode?

A) The mode is the most frequently occurring value
B) There may be more than one mode in a distribution
C) Distributions may not be multimodal
D) Some distributions have no mode
E) The mode is most appropriate for nominal data

Question 22

Which missing data technique is most appropriate when missing data are considered data missing completely at random (MCAR)?

A) Pair-wise deletion
B) Replacement
C) Listwise deletion
D) Minimized deletion
E) Weighting

Question 23

When viewing data entered into a spreadsheet,the columns identify _____.

A) records
B) variables
C) categories
D) coding instructions
E) variable labels

Question 24

Which data entry technique uses a software program to transfer printed text into a computer file for editing?

A) Data mining
B) Optical character recognition (OCR)
C) Keyboarding
D) Transcripting
E) Voice recognition

Question 25

In a standard normal distribution,the mean is _____ and the standard deviation is _____.

A) 0; 1
B) 5; 1
C) 3; 1
D) 1; 5
E) it varies based on the sample

Question 26

All of the following techniques are used in content analysis except _____.

A) counting words
B) categorizing phrases
C) assessing the structure of expressions
D) triangulation
E) all of the above are used with content analysis

Question 27

In a content analysis of the PLAVIX advertisement,the words "adding" or "added" are used four times and the phrase "heart attack" is used five times.These are _____ units in our analysis.

A) syntactical
B) referential
C) propositional
D) thematic
E) semiotic

Question 28

The broad topic of "protection" featured in the PLAVIX advertisement is a _____ unit.

A) syntactical
B) referential
C) propositional
D) thematic
E) semiotic

Question 29

If we were to conduct a content analysis of the PLAVIX advertisement,platelets would be considered _____ units.

A) syntactical
B) referential
C) propositional
D) thematic
E) semiotic

Question 30

A collection of data organized for computerized retrieval is called a _____.

A) data mine
B) data field
C) database
D) data code
E) computer recognition retrieval system

Question 31

The value obtained by summing all elements in a set and dividing by the number of elements is the _____.

A) mean
B) median
C) mode
D) range
E) standard score

Question 32

Which of the following is an accurate interpretation for a "don't know" response from the respondent?

A) It isn't important enough to answer
B) I don't know
C) I don't want to answer that question
D) I'm too ambivalent to figure out the best answer
E) All of the above

Question 33

Which of the following groups of words indicates a series of words for which stemming would be used in content analysis?

A) be, is, of, the
B) pretty, beautiful, attractive
C) search, searching, searches, searched
D) going, walking, running, flying
E) all of the above

Question 34

Which of the following can be determined using a frequency distribution?

A) How close a sample comes to the null hypothesis
B) How does one variable, X, relate another variable, Y
C) Whether a systematic association exist between two variables
D) The shape of the variable's distribution
E) The systematic variance associated with the sample

Question 35

In the PLAVIX advertisement,the claim that adding PLAVIX to aspirin helps raise a person's protection against future heart attack is a _____ unit,because it makes an assertion about the benefits of aspirin alone.

A) syntactical
B) referential
C) propositional
D) thematic
E) semiotic

Question 36

If we were using content analysis software to analyze the PLAVIX advertisement,which of the following words would require the use of stemming?

A) Protect
B) Help
C) Aspirin
D) Form
E) Heart attack

Question 37

With the _____ method,missing values are estimated using all cases that had data for each variable in the analysis.

A) pair-wise deletion
B) replacement
C) listwise deletion
D) minimized deletion
E) case-specific deletion

Question 38

Which of the following groups of words indicates a series of words for which aliasing would be used in content analysis?

A) be, is, of, the
B) pretty, beautiful, attractive
C) search, searching, searches, searched
D) going, walking, running, flying
E) all of the above

Question 39

Which term below refers to an ordered array of all values for a variable?

A) Correlation table
B) Frequency distribution
C) Frequency table
D) Scatter diagram
E) Histogram

Question 40

Which of the following shapes best represents a normal distribution as it is depicted graphically?

A) Square
B) Bell
C) Triangle
D) Star
E) Hat

Question 41

Common measures of _____ include the range,interquartile range,variance or standard deviation,and variation.

A) central tendency
B) variability
C) shape
D) location
E) significance

Question 42

Using the copy from the PLAVIX advertisement provided,briefly content analyze the ad.Include an assessment of the four types of units that can be coded using content analysis.

Question 43

_____ is a measure of the relative peakedness or flatness of the curve defined by the frequency distribution.

A) Kurtosis
B) Deviation
C) Point estimate
D) Standard error
E) Z score

Question 44

Why might a data record suffer from missing data? Explain the techniques researchers may use to handle missing data during data analysis.

Question 45

Sam's Club installed self-checkout stations that can track not only member's purchases but also packaging problems,as the system uses universal product codes to match the item the shopper has in their cart with its price and inventory level in the store,generating a spreadsheet style report for the researcher.If you consider the scanner as the tool for collecting data for Sam's researchers,they are doing data entry by ____.

A) Spreadsheet
B) Optical Character Recognition
C) Field editing
D) Voice Recognition
E) None of the above

Question 46

Researchers at shipping giant Federal Express want to study delivery patterns and their relationship to customer complaints.Federal Express uses a system that electronically tracks packages from the time a label is printed until it is delivered and a customer completes a satisfaction survey.Researchers could access this data by using _____.

A) Content Analysis
B) Bar codes
C) Field editing
D) Voice Recognition
E) None of the above

Question 47

The measure of deviation from the mean such that cases stretch toward one tail or the other is called _____.

A) kurtosis
B) platykurtic
C) skewness
D) ku
E) mesokurtic

Question 48

What is meant by stemming,aliasing,and the use of exclusion filters in content analysis software applications?

Question 49

A _____ is equal to the observation minus the mean.

A) standard deviation
B) deviation score
C) range
D) mode
E) quartile

Question 50

In the array provided,what is the mode?

A) 7
B) 9
C) 10
D) 15
E) Both A and B

Question 51

In the array provided,what is the mean?

A) 7
B) 9
C) 10
D) 15
E) Both A and B

Question 52

What is the range for the array provided?

A) 5
B) 7
C) 9
D) 10
E) 16

Question 53

What are the four rules that guide the coding and categorization of a data record? Explain why each one is important for researchers.

Question 54

In the array provided,what is the median?

A) 7
B) 9
C) 10
D) 15
E) Both A and B

Question 55

You receive a call from your cell phone service provider with questions about your satisfaction of their service.You cell phone service provider automatically records your answers as you give them and software translates those answers into into a data record.You service provider is using ______ for data entry.

A) Optical Mark Recognition
B) Optical Character Recognition
C) Field editing
D) Voice Recognition
E) None of the above

Question 56

Viking Cruises leaves a survey in each stateroom that each guest is ask to complete before departing,to assess various issues of the cruise,cruise activities,cruise food,etc.Cabin staff collect the questionnaires and management feed the questionnaires through an optical scanning device to enter the data,permitting easy editing.Princess is using ____.

A) Optical Mark Recognition
B) Optical Character Recognition
C) Field editing
D) Voice Recognition
E) None of the above

Question 57

The median is an appropriate measure of central tendency for _____ data.

A) interval
B) ratio
C) ordinal
D) nominal
E) all of the above

Question 58

The difference between the smallest and the largest values in a distribution is the _____.

A) mean
B) median
C) mode
D) range
E) deviation