Deck 17: Evolution and Diversity of Animals

Question 1

Characteristics shared by primates include

A)flat nails instead of claws.
B)grasping hands with opposable thumbs.
C)binocular vision and excellent depth perception.
D)large brain size in comparison to body size.
E)All answers are correct.

Answer 1

E
Explanation: The general characteristics of primates are ones which we recognize in ourselves.Please see section 17.11 for more information.

Question 2

A skeleton has a foramen magnum near the rear of the skull;this indicates the skeletal remains may be those of a

A)human.
B)gorilla.
C)dog.
D)monkey.
E)rat.

Answer 2

B
Explanation: A foramen magnum near the rear of the skull shows that the remains come from a primate which does not walk upright on two legs.Please see section 17.12 for more information.

Question 3

Which of the following characteristics do all animals share?

A)They are single-celled eukaryotes.
B)They are multi-cellular prokaryotes.
C)They are multi-cellular eukaryotes.
D)They are single-celled prokaryotes.
E)No answer is correct.

Answer 3

C
Explanation: All animals have many cells and have nuclei with nuclear membranes around them.Please see section 17.1 for more information.

Question 4

Which of the following is found in a group other than animals?

A)They have cell walls.
B)They have a developmental stage called a blastula.
C)They are multicellular eukaryotes.
D)They are heterotrophs.
E)They secrete and bind to an extracellular matrix.

Question 5

A vertebrate is an animal that

A)has a complete digestive tract.
B)does not have a backbone.
C)has a backbone.
D)has an incomplete digestive tract.
E)does not have true tissues.

Question 6

Hominids include

A)humans.
B)orangutans.
C)chimpanzees.
D)gorillas.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following enabled Homo sapiens to develop complex cultures unlike other members of the Homo genus?

A)the ability to walk upright
B)the development of agriculture
C)the ability to migrate out of Africa
D)changes in skin color
E)the ability to use stone tools

Question 8

Scientists use mitochondrial DNA to track the migration of humans across the planet.After a group migrates away from their ancestral homeland,any mutations that occur are not mixed with those left in the ancestral population.Therefore,mitochondrial DNA samples taken from ____ would have the most unique mutations,representing the most recent population to migrate to a new area.

A)Africa
B)Asia
C)Australia
D)Europe
E)the Americas

Question 9

The embryonic germ layer of tissue in animals that develops into the skin and nervous system is the

A)pachyderm.
B)endoderm.
C)mesoderm.
D)protoderm.
E)ectoderm.

Question 10

If asked to point in a photograph to the part of a fruit fly embryo that develops into the muscles and reproductive system,you would point to the

A)pachyderm.
B)ectoderm.
C)mesoderm.
D)endoderm.
E)protoderm.

Question 11

The closest living relatives to humans on the evolutionary tree are

A)gibbons.
B)gorillas.
C)orangutans.
D)homo erectus.
E)chimpanzees.

Question 12

Swinging from one arm to the other with the body dangling below is

A)bipedalism.
B)brachiation.
C)"knuckle walking."
D)quatrapedalism.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 13

When examining a picture of a jellyfish,you notice that a mirror placed in any orientation so that one end of the mirror touches the top of the jellyfish and the other end touches the mouth,the mirror forms the other half of the jellyfish.Therefore,you conclude that the jellyfish has

A)longitudinal symmetry.
B)mirrored symmetry.
C)bilateral symmetry.
D)radial symmetry.
E)asymmetry.

Question 14

A skeleton has a foramen magnum tucked beneath the skull;this indicates that the skeletal remains are of a

A)chimpanzee.
B)human.
C)lesser ape.
D)gorilla.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 15

How do scientists believe that an asteroid impact in the Yucatan peninsula of Central America caused a worldwide mass extinction?

A)by blocking the sun and inhibiting photosynthesis
B)by using up all of the oxygen in the atmosphere
C)most of the animals in the world were in the tropics of Central America
D)by causing massive floods
E)by heating up the planet

Question 16

The "Cambrian explosion" refers to

A)the mass extinction of dinosaurs.
B)the origination of all major phyla of animals.
C)the development of the first true cell.
D)the origination of life.
E)the creation of Earth.

Question 17

The Mesozoic era lasted from

A)65 million years ago to 2 million years ago.
B)500 million years ago to 250 million years ago.
C)250 million years ago to 65 million years ago.
D)540 million years ago to 250 million years ago.
E)one billion years ago to 500 million years ago.

Question 18

An invertebrate is an animal that

A)does not have a backbone.
B)has a backbone.
C)has a complete digestive tract.
D)has an incomplete digestive tract.
E)does not have true tissues.

Question 19

The embryonic germ layer of tissue in animals that develops into the digestive tract and organs derived from the digestive tract is the

A)pachyderm.
B)ectoderm.
C)mesoderm.
D)endoderm.
E)protoderm.

Question 20

If you were looking at a model of a sphere of animal cells with a hollow,fluid-filled center,you would cell it a

A)gastrovascular cavity.
B)blastula.
C)coelom.
D)gastrula.
E)hydrostatic skeleton.

Question 21

Pinworms and hookworms belong to the phylum

A)NematodA.
B)Annelida.
C)Platyhelminthes.
D)Porifera.
E)Cnidaria.

Question 22

Corals and jellyfish belong to the phylum

A)PoriferA.
B)Cnidaria.
C)Platyhelminthes.
D)Nematoda.
E)Annelida.

Question 23

Flukes and tapeworms belong to the phylum

A)Platyhelminthes.
B)Cnidaria.
C)Porifera.
D)Nematoda.
E)Annelida.

Question 24

Which characteristic would place an organism outside the annelids?

A)They have a coelom.
B)They have bilateral symmetry.
C)No answer is correct.
D)They are segmenteD.
E)They have organ systems.

Question 25

Cnidarians are animals found in ______ environments.

A)land-dwelling
B)tree-dwelling
C)desert
D)All answers are correct.
E)aquatic

Question 26

A fluid-filled body cavity that forms completely within the mesoderm of animals is a

A)coelom.
B)blastula.
C)pseudocoelom.
D)protostome.
E)deuterostomE.

Question 27

A circulatory system in which the heart pumps blood to tissues throughout the body cavity is a(an)

A)closed circulatory system.
B)gastrovascular cavity.
C)incomplete circulatory system.
D)complete circulatory system.
E)open circulatory system.

Question 28

All cnidarians share the ability to do which of the following?

A)photosynthesize
B)secrete enzymes to digest food
C)sting predators and prey
D)live on land
E)fly

Question 29

Platyhelminthes include which of the following organisms?

A)flukes
B)jellyfish
C)sponges
D)insects
E)mollusks

Question 30

When examining a picture of a butterfly,you notice that there is one position in which a mirror,running from one end of the butterfly to the other,completes the image as a whole butterfly.You conclude that the butterfly has

A)radial symmetry.
B)bilateral symmetry.
C)longitudinal symmetry.
D)mirrored symmetry.
E)asymmetry.

Question 31

The most successful phylum with regards to diversity and numbers is

A)MolluscA.
B)Nematoda.
C)Platyhelminthes.
D)Arthropoda.
E)Echinodermata.

Question 32

What are the three major body regions of many arthropods?

A)head,thorax,and abdomen
B)head,abdomen,and legs
C)head,thorax,and legs
D)head,gastrovascular cavity,and thorax
E)head,gills,and legs

Question 33

Sponges belong to the phylum

A)PoriferA.
B)Cnidaria.
C)Platyhelminthes.
D)Nematoda.
E)Annelida.

Question 34

A mollusk with multiple arms for locomotion and grabbing prey is a

A)gastropod.
B)cephalopod.
C)bivalve.
D)chiton.
E)flukE.

Question 35

Which of the following does not have a true coelom?

A)earthworm
B)snail
C)flatworm
D)sea star
E)insect

Question 36

Which trait,if found in a newly discovered worm-like animal,would convince you that it was not a nematode?

A)They have a complete digestive tract.
B)They are unsegmented.
C)They have bilateral symmetry.
D)They have a coelom.
E)They exhibit cephalization.

Question 37

Snails and squids belong to the phylum

A)CnidariA.
B)Porifera.
C)Platyhelminthes.
D)Mollusca.
E)Annelida.

Question 38

A circulatory system that keeps blood confined within vessels after leaving the heart is a(an)

A)closed circulatory system.
B)gastrovascular cavity.
C)open circulatory system.
D)incomplete circulatory system.
E)complete circulatory system.

Question 39

Leeches and earthworms belong to the phylum

A)PoriferA.
B)Mollusca.
C)Annelida.
D)Nematoda.
E)Platyhelminthes.

Question 40

Spiders and scorpions belong to the phylum

A)CnidariA.
B)Echinodermata.
C)Annelida.
D)Mollusca.
E)Arthropoda.

Question 41

You are helping to prepare images for a textbook when you see a caption saying "first land vertebrates," so you look for pictures of

A)amphibians.
B)reptiles.
C)tortoises.
D)lampreys.
E)lungfish.

Question 42

Which is a lobe-finned fish?

A)stingray
B)lamprey
C)eel
D)lungfish
E)shark

Question 43

Which is a characteristic of hagfishes?

A)They have a cranium only.
B)They have a skeleton composed of cartilage only.
C)They have both a cranium and skeleton composed of cartilage.
D)They have vertebrae only.
E)They have both a cranium and vertebraE.

Question 44

If asked on an exam to give a property not found in the echinoderms,which would you write on the exam?

A)They exhibit cephalization.
B)Adults exhibit radial symmetry.
C)Larvae exhibit bilateral symmetry.
D)They have a complete digestive tract.
E)They have spiny skin.

Question 45

Which of the following is a jawless fish?

A)skate
B)shark
C)tuna
D)salmon
E)lamprey

Question 46

An animal that maintains its body temperature by using heat generated from its own metabolism is a(an)

A)endotherm.
B)ectotherm.
C)thermophile.
D)mesophile.
E)amniotE.

Question 47

Which is an amphibian?

A)turtle
B)lizard
C)toad
D)octopus
E)coelacanth

Question 48

The function of vertebrae is to

A)protect the nerve chord only.
B)provide attachment points for muscles only.
C)both protect the nerve cord and provide attachment points for muscles.
D)protect the brain only.
E)both protect the brain and nerve cord.

Question 49

What was most key in the transition of fish into amphibians?

A)limbs only
B)both lungs and limbs
C)lungs only
D)fins only
E)both lungs and fins

Question 50

Which is a characteristic of reptiles?

A)They have gills.
B)They are endotherms.
C)They have skeletons composed of cartilage.
D)They are ectotherms with lungs
E)They lack a coelom.

Question 51

Which is a characteristic of the phylum Chordata?

A)They do not have true tissues.
B)They have a gastrula with only two germ layers.
C)They have radial symmetry.
D)They have a notochorD.
E)They have a pseudocoelom.

Question 52

Birds are classified as

A)reptiles.
B)mammals.
C)amphibians.
D)fishes.
E)invertebrate chordates.

Question 53

A tunicate is a(an)

A)invertebrate chordate.
B)vertebrate.
C)echinoderm.
D)amphibian.
E)fish.

Question 54

Sea cucumbers and sea urchins belong to the phylum

A)CnidariA.
B)Arthropoda.
C)Echinodermata.
D)Nematoda.
E)Mollusca.

Question 55

A bony or cartilaginous structure that surrounds and protects the brain of chordates is a(an)

A)cranium.
B)notochord.
C)amnion.
D)vertebra.
E)jaw.

Question 56

Which is not a reptile?

A)bat
B)snake
C)crocodile
D)turtle
E)penguin

Question 57

Which is a cartilaginous fish?

A)shark
B)tuna
C)salmon
D)lungfish
E)catfish

Question 58

Which characteristic would exclude an animal from being an amphibian?

A)They have lungs.
B)They have a cartilaginous skeleton.
C)They are ectothermiC.
D)They have a three-chambered heart.
E)They have vertebraE.

Question 59

A lancelet is a(an)

A)invertebrate chordate.
B)vertebrate.
C)echinoderm.
D)amphibian.
E)fish.

Question 60

You are given temperature data showing that a newly discovered animal has the same body temperature as long as the temperature of the room in which the animal is found remains constant.When the room temperature varies,the animal shows a similar variation in its temperature.You are looking at data from a(an)

A)thermophile.
B)mesophile.
C)amniote.
D)endotherm.
E)ectotherm.

Question 61

The early amphibian Tiktaalik either crawled or paddled in shallow tropical streams about 380 mya,during the late Devonian period.These shallow waters often became anaerobic.What selective advantage did Tiktaalik have under these conditions?

A)It could lift its head out of the water and breathe air through its gills.
B)It could crawl out of the water and walk over to new shallow streams.
C)It could swim better than fish.
D)It could crawl on shore and feed on birds and reptiles that were on lanD.
E)It could breathe air through its lungs.

Question 62

While walking through a hospital where fingers are reattached,you notice leeches being used on reattached fingers to improve circulation.You realize that annelids can be used in medicine.

Question 63

If asked for an example of an arthropod and the arthropod trait it exemplified,you could present a centipede as an example of segmentation,since it has many of them.

Question 64

If you were eating sea urchin sushi,starfish soup,and broiled shark,most,but not all,of your meal would be echinoderms.

Question 65

The free-swimming tunicate larva resembles a tadpole.Once it settles headfirst onto a solid surface,the tail and notochord disappear and the nerve cord shrinks to nearly nothing.The adults,which are usually sessile,retain only the pharyngeal slits.Neither adult nor larva is segmented.Tunicates do retain what trait as adults which makes them resemble other chordates?

A)radial symmetry
B)asymmetry
C)cephalization
D)endothermy
E)incomplete digestive tract

Question 66

Which of the following is a characteristic of annelids?

A)radial symmetry
B)cephalization
C)psuedocoelom
D)closed circulatory system
E)incomplete digestive tract

Question 67

The observation that Tiktaalik had both gills and lungs suggests what?

A)It could absorb oxygen from the air.
B)It could absorb oxygen from both the air and water.
C)It could absorb oxygen from the water.
D)It could absorb food from the water.
E)It could absorb both food and oxygen from the water.

Question 68

Some animals are autotrophs.

Question 69

Cnidarian bodies are one of two forms.A(n)______ consists of a sessile stalk with tentacles on one end.A(n)______ is a free-swimming,bell-shaped,"tentacles-down" body form with a single opening forming the mouth.

A)cephalization;amnion
B)amnion;medusa
C)amnion;polyp
D)polyp;medusa
E)medusa;polyp

Question 70

Nematodes are protected from environmental hazards in part by their cuticle.

Question 71

Which of the following is a trait shared by mammals and reptiles that is not shared by the other groups of chordates?

A)hair
B)mammary glands
C)an amnion
D)legs
E)lungs

Question 72

Octopuses and squids are cephalopods and are members of which group?

A)echinoderms
B)arthropods
C)amphibians
D)cnidarians
E)mollusks

Question 73

Removal of what would destroy the support system of a sponge?

A)spicules
B)pores
C)collar cells cells
D)amoebocytes
E)No answer is correct.

Question 74

Flatworms are very thin and can exchange materials across their surface.Flatworms lack which of the following anatomical systems?

A)respiratory
B)nervous
C)digestive
D)movement
E)excretion

Question 75

Earthworms have multiple hearts that pump blood throughout the body in vessels.They also ingest soil,digest the organic matter,and eliminate the indigestible particles as castings through an opening separate from that used for ingestion.Which earthworm systems allow this?

A)an incomplete digestive tract and closed circulatory system
B)a complete digestive tract and open circulatory system
C)a complete digestive tract and closed circulatory system
D)an incomplete digestive tract and open circulatory system

Question 76

Removal of what would destroy the filtering system of a sponge?

A)spicules
B)pores
C)collar cells cells
D)amoebocytes
E)No answer is correct.

Question 77

when asked to analyze a sample of marine life,you notice an animal which has an incomplete digestive tract,stinging cells,and which swims as a gently undulating bell.you conclude that you have found a cnidarian polyp.

Question 78

Segmentation is easy to observe in the cuticle of a nematode.

Question 79

Which,if given as the answer to "Name a mammal," would be marked incorrect?

A)dolphin
B)platypus
C)kangaroo
D)penguin
E)whale

Question 80

Which were the first vertebrates to appear on land?

A)amphibians
B)nonavian reptiles
C)birds
D)mammals
E)fish