Deck 50: The Circulatory System

Question 1

Mammalian,bird,and crocodile hearts have four chambers with two separate atria and ventricles to ensure _____ different circuits for blood flow.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)eight

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The cardiovascular system consists of the following except

A)the heart.
B)blood vessels.
C)blood.
D)erythrocytes.
E)the lungs.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Cells called __________ contain hemoglobin and serve in oxygen transport.

A)platelets
B)erythrocytes
C)neutrophils
D)monocytes
E)lymphocytes

Answer 3

B

Question 4

About _______ of the cells in human blood are white blood cells called leucocytes.

A)0.1%
B)1%
C)10%
D)60%

Question 5

Under normal conditions,the amount of fluid filtered out of the capillaries is greater than the amount that returns to the capillaries by osmosis.The remainder eventually is captured by an open circulatory system called the _________ system.

A)cardiovascular
B)plasmic
C)lymphatic
D)limbic

Question 6

A higher protein concentration within the capillaries draws water into them through the process of

A)active transport.
B)facilitated diffusion.
C)diffusion.
D)filteration.
E)osmosis.

Question 7

In a ___________ circulatory system,the circulating fluid,blood,is always enclosed within the blood vessels that transport blood away from and back to a pump.

A)closed
B)open
C)countercurrent
D)reversible

Question 8

_________,the liquid portion of blood contains metabolites,wastes,hormones,ions,and a variety of proteins.

A)Eosinophil
B)Lymph
C)Edema
D)Plasma

Question 9

All of the following are functions of the circulatory system except

A)oxygen,nutrient,and waste transport.
B)synthesis of red and white blood cells.
C)blood clotting and immune defense.
D)temperature regulation.
E)hormone transport.

Question 10

A major innovation from the fish to the amphibian/reptilian circulation is the advent of lungs and allowing no mixing of oxygenated and __________ blood by the help of incomplete divisions of the heart.

A)decarbonated
B)nitrogenated
C)deoxygenated
D)hydrogenated

Question 11

Which of the following type of cell is not correctly matched to its function?

A)platelets-blood clotting
B)leukocytes-immunity
C)erythrocytes-new cell production
D)leukocytes-phagocytosis
E)erythrocytes-oxygen transport

Question 12

Changes in the arterial blood pressure are detected by __________ located in the walls of the carotid artery and the arch of the aorta.

A)baroreceptors
B)pacemakers
C)lymphatic receptors
D)SA node receptors
E)blood volume receptors

Question 13

Blood is pumped from the heart into the arterial system,which branches from arteries into fine __________.

A)arterioles
B)venules
C)capillaries
D)veins

Question 14

The cardiac cycle consists of systole and _________.

A)atriole
B)ventricole
C)pulmole
D)diastole

Question 15

The fish heart is a modified tube with _____ chambers arrayed one after the other.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)six
E)eight

Question 16

Arterioles,arteries,veins,and venules all have the same basic four-layer structure containing all of the following except

A)endothelium.
B)elastic fibers.
C)smooth muscle layer.
D)pleural membrane.
E)connective tissue layer.

Question 17

Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by each

A)pacemaker per minute.
B)ventricle per minute.
C)atria per minute.
D)sinoatrial node per minute.
E)coronary artery per minutE.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a solute found in the plasma?

A)metabolites,wastes,and hormones
B)ions
C)albumins
D)collagen
E)globulins

Question 19

A closed circulatory system as opposed to an open system permits

A)transport of blood which is always enclosed within vessels from and back to a pump,the heart.
B)a larger capacity for blood.
C)degradation of nutrients in the blood and waste removal.
D)oxygen to be carried in cells present in the blooD.
E)messages to be carried to the neurons.

Question 20

In birds and mammals,a vestige of the sinus venosus of the fish heart remains as the sinoatrial valve,which serves as a

A)systole detector.
B)baroreceptor.
C)cardiac backup area.
D)SA node.
E)pacemaker.

Question 21

In the blood clotting cascade mechanism,which specific enzyme catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin?

A)prothrombin
B)prothrombinase
C)catalyase
D)fibrogenase
E)thrombin

Question 22

The average cardiac output in a resting person is

A)1 liter per minute.
B)50 liters per minute.
C)25 liters per minute.
D)100 liters per minute.
E)5 liters per minutE.

Question 23

Exchange of gases and metabolites between the blood and tissues occurs in the

A)arteries.
B)arterioles.
C)capillaries.
D)venules.
E)veins.

Question 24

The cardiovascular center of the vertebrates receives information on all of the following except

A)blood pressure.
B)blood volume.
C)oxygen content of blood.
D)carbon dioxide content of the blooD.
E)blood glucose level.

Question 25

The cells that lack a nucleus and have a relatively short life span are

A)neutrophils.
B)eosinophils.
C)basophils.
D)erythrocytes.
E)lymphocytes.

Question 26

The mammalian pacemaker of the heart is the

A)bundle of HIS.
B)AV node.
C)SA node.
D)Purkinje fibers.
E)tricuspid valvE.

Question 27

The reptile heart is distinguished from the amphibian heart by the presence of

A)two separate atriA.
B)systemic and pulmonary circulation.
C)cutaneous respiration.
D)a partially divided ventricle.
E)two separate ventricles.

Question 28

During circulation blood is filtered out of capillaries without any proteins.This fluid bathes the tissues and is called

A)lymph.
B)serum.
C)interstitial fluid.
D)synovial fluiD.
E)plasma.

Question 29

One mechanism that involves the blood supply that can be utilized by some animals to limit heat loss in cold environments is

A)vasodilation of the near surface blood vessels.
B)vasodilation of below surface blood vessels.
C)vasoconstriction of the precapillary sphincters in the skin.
D)vasoconstriction of veins.
E)increasing cardiac output.

Question 30

A two-cycle heart of a bird or a mammal is more efficient than the amphibian heart in all of the following except

A)it can pump twice as much blood.
B)it creates a true double circulatory system.
C)it separates oxygenated and nonoxygenated blood.
D)it increases the speed of the blood through the lungs.
E)it exchanges gases by mixing aerated and nonaerated blood.

Question 31

Which of the following animal groups is mismatched with its circulation system type (open or closed)?

A)oyster-open
B)cricket-closed
C)earthworm-closed
D)lobster-open
E)killer whale-closed

Question 32

In spite of very low pressure in the veins,blood flow back to the lungs is ensured by all of the following mechanisms except

A)veins have one-way valves.
B)veins have thinner muscle layers.
C)veins have thinner elastic fiber layers.
D)veins can be expanded to hold additional blooD.
E)veins have periodic sphincter muscles.

Question 33

Which of the following statements about red blood cells is incorrect?

A)Red blood cells are also called leukocytes.
B)Red blood cells are shaped liked biconcave discs.
C)Red blood cells contain hemoglobin.
D)Red blood cells develop from stem cells.
E)Aged red blood cells are removed from the blood by the liver and spleen.

Question 34

Primitive chordates contain a heart which has

A)a specialized zone of the ventral artery.
B)two chambers.
C)three chambers.
D)four chambers.
E)only a ventriclE.

Question 35

Even though the atria and ventricles are separated by connective tissue,the depolarization can slowly pass through a slender connection of cardiac muscle cells called the

A)bundle of HIS.
B)AV node.
C)SA node.
D)Purkinje fibers.
E)tricuspid valvE.

Question 36

Which of the following substances does not regulate blood volume?

A)antidiuretic hormone
B)aldosterone
C)atrial natriuretic hormone
D)hemoglobin
E)nitric oxide

Question 37

What is the correct sequence for the blood circulation through the cardiovascular system?
I-Blood is pumped from the heart into the arterial system,blood flows from the larger arteries into the fine arterioles.
II-Blood flows into the venules and from there into the larger veins,from there the blood returns to the heart.
III-Blood is delivered into the thinnest and most numerous capillaries,where exchanges with the tissues occur.
IV-Blood flows into the peritoneal portal system and then back to the arteries.

A)I,II,III,IV
B)I,IV,III,II
C)II,IV,III,I
D)I,III,IV
E)I,III,II

Question 38

The blood pressure is at its lowest during

A)exercise.
B)an electrocardiogram.
C)the systolic period.
D)the diastolic perioD.
E)ventricular contraction.

Question 39

Which of the following is true about the lymphatic system?

A)It is a closed system.
B)It collects fluid that seeps into the tissues.
C)It is bi-directional.
D)It exhibits peristaltic contractions.
E)It carries all metabolites from the small intestine to the liver.

Question 40

The blood cells that have some kind of protective function are all of the following except

A)eosinophils.
B)macrophages.
C)neutrophils.
D)lymphocytes.
E)erythrocytes.

Question 41

Choose the letter of the best match of the formed elements with the following precursors.
A.lymphoid stem cell
B.megakaryocyte
C.monoblast
D.reticulocyte
E.myeloblast
Monocyte

Question 42

Choose the letter of the best match of the formed elements with the following precursors.
A.lymphoid stem cell
B.megakaryocyte
C.monoblast
D.reticulocyte
E.myeloblast
Platelets

Question 43

Which of the following values would be considered hypertensive?

A)16/12 mm Hg
B)120/80 mm Hg
C)100/150 mm Hg
D)100/60 mm Hg
E)160/120 mm Hg

Question 44

Choose the letter of the best match of the formed elements with the following precursors.
A.lymphoid stem cell
B.megakaryocyte
C.monoblast
D.reticulocyte
E.myeloblast
B-lymphocyte

Question 45

Which of the following animals is likely to have the circulatory pattern shown in the figure?

A)frog
B)crocodile
C)bird
D)mammal
E)fish

Question 46

What structure evolved into the sinoatrial node?

A)the SV node
B)connective tissue around the heart
C)the sinoatrial node evolved de novo
D)the sinus venosus
E)the bulbus arteriosus

Question 47

When lungs evolved in vertebrates,an event also occurred in the circulation of blood within those vertebrates.The event was

A)the evolution of double circulation.
B)the evolution of red blood cells which could carry more oxygen.
C)the evolution of a lymphatic system to work in coordination with the circulation system.
D)the evolution of muscles that could coordinate a pumping action.
E)the evolution of a more fluid blood,that is a blood with more plasma.

Question 48

Edema is a result of increased interstitial fluid in various tissues of the body.All of the following are causes of edema except

A)pregnancy.
B)liver disease.
C)injury to a limb.
D)protein malnutrition.
E)countercurrent circulation.

Question 49

Fish hearts have "four" chambers.The greatest advantage of the fish's heart is

A)its ability to pump blood to all areas of the fish's body.
B)its ability to pump blood to the gills before the blood is pumped to the remaining areas of the body.
C)its ability to stay full of blood even as it is emptying into the conus arteriosus.
D)its ability to function inside of a fish that lives under the water,especially at great depths.
E)its ability to maintain a constant blood pressure in the fish.

Question 50

Stimulating the vagus nerve would cause

A)blood pressure to rise.
B)heart rate to increase.
C)heart rate to decrease.
D)no change in any cardiovascular parameters.
E)a release in epinephrinE.

Question 51

The depolarization of the heart is triggered by the

A)pacemaker node.
B)sinoatrial node.
C)atrioventricular node.
D)Purkinje node.
E)bundle of HIS.

Question 52

Choose the letter of the best match of the formed elements with the following precursors.
A.lymphoid stem cell
B.megakaryocyte
C.monoblast
D.reticulocyte
E.myeloblast
Erythrocyte

Question 53

Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood?

A)pulmonary arteries
B)pulmonary veins
C)femoral vein
D)inferior vena cava
E)renal vein

Question 54

The loudest sound you hear through a stethoscope while listening to your heart is

A)the contraction of the ventricles.
B)the relaxation of the ventricles.
C)the AV valves closing.
D)the semilunar valves closing.
E)the depolarization of the ventricles.

Question 55

A friend asks you to explain the difference between atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis.You say,"Well

A)atherosclerosis is a condition that results from too much calcium being deposited in the arteries,while arteriosclerosis results from the accumulation of cholesterol deposits in the arteries."
B)atherosclerosis is a condition that results from having angina pectoris occurring in the arteries of the heart,while arteriosclerosis results from the accumulation of cholesterol deposits in the arteries."
C)atherosclerosis is a condition that results from too much calcium being deposited in the arteries,while arteriosclerosis results from having angina pectoris occurring in the arteries of the heart."
D)atherosclerosis is a condition that results from the accumulation of cholesterol deposits in the arteries,while arteriosclerosis results from too much calcium being deposited in the arteries."
E)atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are nearly the same and usually occur after a strokE."

Question 56

The P wave of the ECG represents

A)the contraction of the atriA.
B)the relaxation of the atria.
C)the depolarization of the atria.
D)the repolarization of the atria.
E)the contraction of the ventriclE.

Question 57

If your blood had a higher than normal concentration of proteins,which of the following would likely be true?

A)You would have edemA.
B)You would have liver disease.
C)The net reabsorption of interstitial fluid in the capillaries would be low.
D)The net reabsorption of interstitial fluid in the capillaries would be high.
E)Insulin levels would increasE.

Question 58

Which of the following prevents the cardiac muscle tissue from going into tetanus?

A)voltage-gated Na⁺ channels
B)voltage-gated K⁺ channels
C)voltage-gated Ca2⁺ channels
D)non-gated Na⁺ channels
E)non-gated Ca2⁺ channels

Question 59

Choose the letter of the best match of the formed elements with the following precursors.
A.lymphoid stem cell
B.megakaryocyte
C.monoblast
D.reticulocyte
E.myeloblast
Basophile