Deck 46: The Endocrine System

Question 1

Stimulates secretion of adrenal cortical hormone.

A)luteinizing hormone
B)parathyroid
C)oxytocin
D)follicle-stimulating hormone
E)adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The ________ lobe of the pituitary gland appears fibrous because it contains axons originating from neurons in the hypothalamus.

A)anterior
B)posterior
C)superior
D)inferior
E)medial

Answer 2

B

Question 3

All hormones can be characterized as ________ (fat-soluble)or water soluble.

A)hydrophobic
B)permeable
C)oleophobic
D)lipophilic
E)transmutable

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What is the primary function of the hormone ADH?

A)regulates biological rhythms
B)adaptation to long term stress
C)stimulates bones breakdown
D)conserves water by stimulating its reabsorption from urine
E)inhibits loss of calcium from bone

Question 5

The glands of the endocrine system secrete hormones into the bloodstream or other body fluids and so are said to have ____________ glands.

A)permeable
B)labile
C)ductless
D)intractable
E)static

Question 6

The anterior pituitary gland is controlled by both the hormones secreted by the hypothalamus,and the hormones secreted by itself through a ________ feedback mechanism.

A)reverse
B)sympathetic
C)negative
D)closed
E)positive

Question 7

Homeostasis is achieved through the actions of two major regulatory systems,the endocrine system and the _________ system.

A)nervous
B)circulatory
C)reproductive
D)digestive
E)respiratory

Question 8

Molting hormone,or ecdysone,and juvenile hormone regulate ____________ and molting in insects.

A)metamorphosis
B)sexual maturity
C)body shape
D)egg production
E)pupation

Question 9

Stimulates uterine contraction.

A)luteinizing hormone
B)parathyroid
C)oxytocin
D)follicle-stimulating hormone
E)adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 10

Helps regulate sperm production.

A)luteinizing hormone
B)parathyroid
C)oxytocin
D)follicle-stimulating hormone
E)adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 11

Some intercellular regulatory molecules that exert only very local effects are called ________ regulators.

A)sympathetic
B)exogeneous
C)mesocrine
D)endocrine
E)paracrine

Question 12

Regulates level hormone of blood calcium.

A)luteinizing hormone
B)parathyroid
C)oxytocin
D)follicle-stimulating hormone
E)adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 13

Besides aldosterone,_________ hormone is the other hormone which is an absolute requirement for the survival of humans.

A)cortisol
B)vasopressin
C)thyroxine
D)parathyroid
E)glucagon

Question 14

The water-soluble hormones cannot pass through the plasma membrane;they must rely on ______ messengers within their target cells to mediate their action.

A)second
B)pseudo
C)synaptic
D)interoreceptor
E)kinase

Question 15

Stimulates production of testosterone.

A)luteinizing hormone
B)parathyroid
C)oxytocin
D)follicle-stimulating hormone
E)adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 16

What is the primary function of the hormone calcitonin?

A)initiates stress response
B)raises blood glucose level
C)lowers blood glucose level
D)stimulates bone growth
E)inhibits loss of calcium from bone

Question 17

A ______ is a regulatory chemical that is secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland.

A)metabolite
B)hormone
C)peptide
D)G protein
E)neurotransmitter

Question 18

What is the primary function of growth hormone?

A)initiates stress response
B)raises blood glucose level
C)lowers blood glucose level
D)stimulates bone growth
E)inhibits loss of calcium from bone

Question 19

The islets of Langerhans located in the _______ secrete both insulin and glucagon.

A)liver
B)pituitary
C)thalamus
D)kidney
E)pancreas

Question 20

What is the primary function of the hormone oxytocin?

A)stimulates milk production
B)stimulates milk ejection
C)raises blood glucose levels
D)stimulates bone growth
E)regulates biological rhythms

Question 21

Hormones that affect changes in their target cells by entering the nucleus and initiating transcription of certain genes are called

A)steroid hormones.
B)paracrine hormones.
C)lipophilic hormones.
D)prostaglandins.
E)second messenger hormones.

Question 22

What is the primary function of the parathyroid hormone?

A)stimulates milk production
B)initiates stress response
C)lowers blood glucose level
D)stimulates bone breakdown
E)inhibits loss of calcium from bone

Question 23

Which hormone initiates the stress response?

A)glucocorticoids
B)ephinephrine
C)insulin
D)glucagon
E)melatonin

Question 24

The signals of the endocrine system are transmitted to the appropriate target organ via

A)the lymph.
B)neurons.
C)the peripheral nervous system.
D)mesenteric blood vessels.
E)blood.

Question 25

Which one of the following hormones is a glycoprotein?

A)insulin
B)progesterone
C)follicle-stimulating hormone
D)norepinephrine
E)aldosterone

Question 26

Which hormone helps with adaptation to long term stress?

A)glucocorticoids
B)ephinephrine
C)insulin
D)glucagon
E)melatonin

Question 27

Which of the following functions as both an exocrine and an endocrine gland?

A)adrenal cortex
B)parathyroid
C)thyroid
D)pancreas
E)pituitary

Question 28

Which of the following are paracrine regulators?

A)prostaglandins and cytokines
B)nitric oxide and growth factors
C)thyroxine and testosterone
D)prostaglandins,cytokines,nitric oxide,and growth factors
E)cytokines,prostaglandins,nitric oxide,growth factors,thyroxine,and testosterone

Question 29

Which hormone helps regulate biological rhythms?

A)glucocorticoids
B)ephinephrine
C)insulin
D)glucagon
E)melatonin

Question 30

Which one of the following does not represent a category of hormones?

A)second messengers
B)polypeptides
C)glycoproteins
D)amines
E)steroids

Question 31

Which hormone raises blood glucose levels?

A)glucocorticoids
B)ephinephrine
C)insulin
D)glucagon
E)melatonin

Question 32

Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?

A)glucocorticoids
B)ephinephrine
C)insulin
D)glucagon
E)melatonin

Question 33

Which of the following participates in regulating almost every organ belonging to the immune system,reproductive system,digestive system,respiratory system,circulatory system,and the urinary system?

A)insulin
B)steroids
C)prostaglandins
D)growth factors
E)norepinephrine

Question 34

An example of a hormone that exerts its action within the target cell only by interacting with cell-surface receptors is

A)insulin.
B)cortisol.
C)testosterone.
D)estrogen.
E)progesteronE.

Question 35

What is the primary function of the hormone prolactin?

A)stimulates milk production
B)initiates stress response
C)lowers blood glucose level
D)stimulates bone growth
E)inhibits loss of calcium from bone

Question 36

Only certain organs called the target organs respond to the presence of a specific hormone because

A)only those organs are attached to the endocrine gland.
B)only those organ cells have the appropriate receptors.
C)only those organs allow the hormone to enter their cells.
D)they are the first organs along the hormone's circulatory path.
E)if enough time is allowed,all organs respond to the hormonE.

Question 37

The molecule that can act as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone is

A)estrogen.
B)progesterone.
C)thyroxine.
D)norepinephrine.
E)insulin.

Question 38

The hormone ________ sets the body's basal metabolic rate.

A)estrogen
B)insulin
C)norepinephrine
D)cortisol
E)thyroxin

Question 39

Which of the following organs can be stimulated to produce hormones primarily by the concentration of certain molecules and ions in the blood,rather than neural control?

A)adrenal medulla
B)posterior pituitary gland
C)pineal gland
D)anterior pituitary gland
E)pancreas and adrenal cortex

Question 40

The hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine,which constitute the "alarm" response of the body to stress,are secreted by the

A)pancreas.
B)thyroid gland.
C)adrenal medulla.
D)pineal glanD.
E)anterior pituitary gland.

Question 41

Which of the following hormones is(are)absolutely essential for survival by humans?

A)aldosterone
B)parathyroid hormone
C)cortisol
D)aldosterone and cortisol
E)aldosterone and parathyroid hormone

Question 42

Consumption of alcohol stimulates urination by

A)stimulating ADH secretion.
B)inhibiting ADH secretion.
C)stimulating vasopressin.
D)stimulating oxytocin.
E)inhibiting aldosteronE.

Question 43

Which one of the following glucocorticoids is important in both gluconeogenesis (glucose produced from amino acids)during starvation and as an anti-inflammatory agent?

A)aldosterone
B)cortisol
C)glucagon
D)insulin
E)prolactin

Question 44

Which of the following hormones is not produced by the adrenal gland?

A)epinephrine
B)cortisol
C)prolactin
D)aldosterone
E)norepinephrine

Question 45

In mammals,milk production is stimulated by

A)aldosterone.
B)melanocyte-stimulating hormone.
C)prolactin.
D)luteinizing hormone.
E)growth hormonE.

Question 46

Of all the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland,the hormone with the least critical function in mammals is

A)somatotropin.
B)prolactin.
C)luteinizing hormone.
D)thyroid stimulating hormone.
E)melanocyte-stimulating hormonE.

Question 47

The right atrium of the heart secretes atrial natriuretic hormone,which stimulates the kidneys to excrete salt and water in the urine.Atrial natriuretic hormone,therefore,acts antagonistically to

A)aldosterone.
B)cortisol.
C)glucagon.
D)thyroxine.
E)progesteronE.

Question 48

Which hormone is not produced by the anterior pituitary gland?

A)prolactin
B)lutenizing hormone
C)calcitonin
D)growth hormone

Question 49

Which of the following conditions is not related to Type I or II diabetic disease?

A)elevated levels of blood glucose
B)lowered production of insulin by the pancreas
C)reduced sensitivity to insulin by the body cells
D)ineffective pituitary gland
E)diet and exercise usually help to balance the blood sugar levels

Question 50

When the body's blood glucose level raises above normal,which of the following hormones is produced?

A)glucagon
B)epinephrine
C)insulin
D)norepinephrine
E)prolactin

Question 51

All of the following are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland except

A)oxytocin.
B)prolactin.
C)thyroid-stimulating hormone.
D)melanocyte-stimulating hormone.
E)adrenocorticotropic hormonE.

Question 52

The hormone stimulating the milk-ejection reflex is called

A)antidiuretic hormone.
B)oxytocin.
C)vasopressin.
D)parathyroid hormone.
E)aldosteronE.

Question 53

The two hormones that interact to maintain the level of blood glucose are

A)cortisone and testosterone.
B)epinephrine and norepinephrine.
C)glucagon and insulin.
D)LH and FSH.
E)oxytocin and vasopressin.

Question 54

Gonadotropins are

A)prolactins.
B)follicle-stimulating hormones.
C)luteinizing hormones.
D)prolactins and oxytocins.
E)follicle-stimulating hormones and luteinizing hormones.

Question 55

Parathyroid hormone does not cause

A)kidneys to resorb Ca²⁺ from the urine.
B)the activation of vitamin D.
C)increased blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts to dissolve bone.
D)acceleration of heartbeat.

Question 56

The hormonal products of the adrenal medulla affect all of the following except they

A)accelerate heartbeat.
B)stimulate synthesis of glycogen.
C)increase blood pressure.
D)reduce blood flow to the skin and digestive organs.
E)increase blood sugar.

Question 57

Which of the following glands produce hormones that are controlled by negative feedback?

A)gonads
B)pancreas
C)anterior pituitary
D)posterior pituitary
E)pineal

Question 58

Unlike other hormones,the hormones of the posterior pituitary gland are transported to the hypothalamus by

A)the limbic system.
B)blood vessels.
C)neuron axons.
D)the lymphatic system.
E)the hypopituitary shunt.

Question 59

The action of a lipophilic hormones involve all of the following except:
I-Hormone molecules pass through the target cell's plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptor proteins.
II-The hormone-receptor complex binds to specific regions of DNA,thereby activating genes and producing action in the target cells.
III-The second messengers activate previously inactive enzymes.

A)I
B)II
C)III
D)I and II
E)I,II,and III

Question 60

Nonpolar hormones pass through the plasma membranes of intestinal epithelial cells without being digested and therefore can be taken orally as pills.Because of this fact,which of the following are available as oral pills for human consumption?

A)insulin and growth hormone
B)thyroid hormone and steroid hormones
C)calcitonin
D)insulin,growth hormone,and steroid hormones
E)calcitonin,growth hormone,and thyroid hormone

Question 61

Which of the following regarding the adrenal medulla is true?

A)It is located on the kidneys outside the adrenal cortex.
B)It is responsible for producing steroid hormones.
C)It is derived from mesodermal tissue.
D)It releases hormones that have no effect on the cardiovascular system.
E)It is disconnected from the neural system.

Question 62

At what step in the cAMP pathway does amplification not occur?

A)receptor-G protein interaction
B)G protein-cAMP interaction
C)cAMP-protein kinase interaction
D)protein kinase-effector molecule interaction
E)every step in the cAMP pathway produces some amplification

Question 63

Insects are capable of shedding their exoskeletons in a process called molting.This is especially noticeable in juvenile insects.Select the best choice that presents a diagrammed sequence of events during the molting process.

A)prior to molting-brain surface cells secrete brain hormone $\rarr$ which stimulates the prothoracic gland to produce ecdysome $\rarr$ which causes molting
B)prior to molting-brain surface cells secrete juvenile hormone $\rarr$ which stimulates the prothoracic gland to produce ecdysome $\rarr$ which causes molting
C)prior to molting-brain surface cells secrete ecdysome $\rarr$ which stimulates the prothoracic gland to produce juvenile hormone $\rarr$ which causes molting
D)prior to molting-the corpora allata near the brain secretes brain hormone $\rarr$ which stimulates the prothoracic gland to produce ecdysome $\rarr$ which causes molting
E)prior to molting-the corpora allata near the brain secretes juvenile hormone $\rarr$ which stimulates the prothoracic gland to produce ecdysome $\rarr$ which causes molting

Question 64

Which of the following is not an example of glandular secretion?

A)salivating
B)sweating
C)spider spinning web
D)lactating
E)release of oxytocin

Question 65

Why does the cAMP pathway produce so many different physiological effects?

A)There is a wide variety of effector proteins that can react with protein kinase A.
B)cAMP has a completely different mechanism in each cell.
C)Protein kinase a is completely different in each tissue.
D)Receptors in the camp pathway dictate the response.

Question 66

Which of the following regarding the salivary glands is false?

A)Salivary glands are under direct neural control.
B)They can be influenced by conditioned and unconditioned reflexes.
C)They are considered an endocrine gland.
D)They secrete saliva consisting mostly of water.
E)They secrete saliva capable of digesting starch.

Question 67

A diverse group of paracrine regulators are called prostaglandins.Prostaglandins participate in a variety of regulatory functions in many of the body's systems.Prostaglandins are used in the
I-immune system.
II-reproductive system.
III-digestive system.
IV-respiratory system.
V-circulatory system.
VI-urinary system.

A)I,II,and III
B)I,II,III,and IV
C)I,II,III,IV,and V
D)II,III,and VI
E)I,II,III,IV,V,and VI

Question 68

Sex steroid hormones are secreted by the
I-testes.
II-ovaries.
III-placenta.
IV-adrenal cortex.
V-adrenal medulla.

A)I and II
B)I,II,and III
C)I,II,III,and IV
D)II,II,III,and V
E)I,II,III,IV,and V

Question 69

The cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete many hormones.From the following list select the hormone that is not secreted from the anterior lobe of the pituitary.

A)growth hormone
B)prolactin
C)follicle-stimulating hormone
D)melanocyte-stimulating hormone
E)antidiuretic hormone

Question 70

Which hormone is most similar in amino acid structure to chicken vasotocin?

A)antidiuretic hormone
B)aldosterone
C)angiotensin II
D)growth hormone
E)oxytocin

Question 71

Select the incorrect statement regarding paracrine regulation from the choices below.

A)Paracrine regulation molecules can be placed into two broad groups called cytokines and growth factors.
B)Nitric oxide,which can function as a neurotransmitter,can also be classed as a paracrine regulator molecule.
C)Endothelin and bradykinin are paracrine molecules that are used in the circulatory system for control of vessel constriction and dilation.
D)Paracrine molecules are released directly into the circulatory system.
E)Nerve growth factor,platelet-growth factor,and insulin-like growth factor are some of the examples of paracrine regulator molecules.

Question 72

Some hormones can not enter a cell directly because they are too large or polar.From the list select the molecule that acts as a secondary messenger for some of these hormones that can not enter a cell directly.

A)catecholamine
B)cyclic AMP
C)epinephrine
D)norepinephrine
E)calcitonin

Question 73

All of the following are examples of sex steroid hormones except

A)estrogen.
B)progesterone.
C)prolactin.
D)testosterone.
E)estradiol.

Question 74

Select the mismatched chemical category of a hormone and its example from the choices below.

A)polypeptides-ADH
B)steroid-estradiol
C)amine-FSH
D)glycoprotein-LH
E)steroid-testosterone

Question 75

Hormone secreted by alpha cells of pancreas in response to hypoglycemia

A)glucagon.
B)insulin.
C)glucose.
D)cortisol.
E)glycogen.

Question 76

There are two systems in the human body that are devoted exclusively to the regulation of the body organs.They are the

A)endocrine and circulatory systems.
B)respiratory and circulatory systems.
C)nervous and circulatory systems.
D)nervous and endocrine systems.
E)respiratory and nervous systems.

Question 77

In insects,metamorphosis and molting are regulated by which of the following hormones?

A)melatonin
B)ecdysone
C)estrogen
D)somatostatin
E)trypsin

Question 78

Select the mismatched endocrine gland and its hormone.

A)adrenal cortex-aldosterone
B)pancreas-insulin
C)pineal gland-melatonin
D)adrenal medulla-cortisol
E)posterior lobe of pituitary gland-oxytocin

Question 79

Which of the following regarding antidiuretic hormone is false?

A)It regulates water turnover in the mammalian kidney.
B)Secretion is stimulated by high blood osmolarity.
C)It ultimately acts to reabsorb more water.
D)It exerts it effects via the camp pathway.
E)It does not involve the use of aquaporin molecules.

Question 80

Select the incorrect statement about hormones that can enter directly into cells.

A)Steroid hormones and thyroxine can enter directly into cells because of their lipophilic makeup.
B)Water-soluble hormones can enter directly into cells because of their nonpolar status.
C)Steroid hormones do not dissolve in the plasma and are thus transported with special protein carriers,which transport them to their target cells.
D)Once entry into the cell is achieved,some of these hormones bind with specific receptor proteins in the cytoplasm and then can move as a hormone-receptor complex to the nucleus.