Deck 6: Leadership As an Influence Process

Question 1

The majority of research conducted to date suggests that contingent punishment is frequently not related to individual subordinate performance.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Leaders who administer contingent rewards may not only increase the motivation of their subordinates to perform,but also may increase the competitiveness of these individuals.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Cultural values constitute one common basis for the legitimate power of one individual over another.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Coercive power and reward power are similar in that they both involve a leader's ability to manipulate the attainment of valences.

Question 5

Leaders who administer evaluative rewards and punishments contingently will have a more functional effect on subordinate performance but it would reduce employee satisfaction.

Question 6

The range of reward power is not limited to those regions within which a leader can reward followers for conforming.

Question 7

While coercive power may eventually result in an independent system,the effects of reward power will continue to be dependent.

Question 8

C.A.Schriesheim observed that leaders emerge from groups or are appointed to manage them and therefore must have a working knowledge of group processes in order to be effective.

Question 9

Salancik and Pfeffer suggest that critical contingencies play a role in determining who will be the leader.

Question 10

Byrne and a colleague have suggested that the interpersonal attraction we express toward other individuals is influenced by rewards rather than punishments.

Question 11

Accepting an attorney's advice on legal matters is a common example of legitimate power.

Question 12

Conformity with majority opinion is sometimes based on a respect for the collective wisdom of the group,in which case it is expert power.

Question 13

The results of Study 2 by David De Cremer and Daan van Knippenberg have shown that self-sacrifice was significantly related to interpersonal helping.

Question 14

An election is a common example of designation by a legitimizing agent.

Question 15

Raven and French observe that people who come to their position of leadership through internal group processes have greater legitimacy than those who arrive at the position of leader through appointment.

Question 16

Individually administered contingencies may increase the motivation of individual group members.

Question 17

Group cohesion,drive,and group productivity were found to be unrelated to leader contingent reward behavior.

Question 18

The cognitive structure created due to expert power will not lead to a more independent structure.

Question 19

According to studies,instrumental leader behavior exerted its greatest influence in small groups,while supportive leader behavior had particularly strong effects on group processes in large groups.

Question 20

Sociologist Amitai Etzioni suggested that referent power commonly produces resistance,which eventually leads to alienation.

Question 21

The study on relationships between leader reward and punishment behavior and group processes and productivity by Podsakoff and Todor has found that:

A)leaders who administer evaluative rewards contingently at the individual level will have dysfunctional effects on group processes.
B)group cohesion,drive,and group productivity were all positively related to leader contingent reward behavior.
C)leaders who administer evaluative rewards to group members according to their performance levels may negatively affect the group members' perceptions of equity.
D)leaders who reward individuals appropriately may not reward the group as a whole when it performs well or succeeds on a task.

Question 22

_____ refers to a change in the degree of dependence of an opinion on the person upon whom power is exerted.

A)Psychological manipulation
B)Damper effect
C)Cognitive dissonance
D)Sleeper effect

Question 23

An individual seeking an attorney's advice in legal matters is an example of _____ power.

A)legitimate
B)expert
C)referent
D)reward

Question 24

According to a study by French and Raven,influence is the ability to:

A)negotiate effectively.
B)exert power on others.
C)bring about change.
D)control others effectively.

Question 25

According to Podsakoff and Schriesheim's literature review,follower performance and satisfaction are commonly associated with the leader's use of _____ power.

A)referent
B)legitimate
C)reward
D)coercive

Question 26

_____ power frequently produces an instrumental or calculative response from subordinates.

A)Referent
B)Legitimate
C)Reward
D)Expert

Question 27

Soldiering by group members refers to the pressure by group members:

A)on an individual who is from a different cultural background.
B)to limit or restrict productivity to a particular level.
C)on management in the form of strikes.
D)on a nonperforming employee to raise his/her performance.

Question 28

Which of the following statements on the relationship between leader behavior and group productivity is true?

A)Leaders who administer rewards and punishments contingently provide feedback which is independent of performance.
B)Individually administered contingencies can be highly productive for the group as a whole.
C)Individually administered contingencies may not cause an increase in the motivation of individual group members.
D)Perceptions of leader contingent reward and punishment behaviors will be positively related to their perceptions of group productivity.

Question 29

Leaders who allocate rewards and punishments noncontingently:

A)administer reinforcing and punitive events independent of the performance levels of group members.
B)would have punishment behavior positively related to group members' perceptions of group drive.
C)manage reinforcing and punitive events based on individual performances and relative outputs.
D)manage reinforcing and punitive events based on the performance levels of group members.

Question 30

_____ power revolves around the concept of punishment.

A)Coercive
B)Persuasive
C)Illegitimate
D)Referent

Question 31

Expert power,where the person exerting power need not be a member of the group that the person upon whom power is exerted belongs to,is called:

A)political power.
B)institutional power.
C)informational power.
D)status power.

Question 32

Which of the following refers to one of the strongest relationships with follower satisfaction?

A)Negative relationship of follower satisfaction with contingent reward behavior.
B)Positive relationship of follower satisfaction with noncontingent punishment behavior.
C)Contingent reward behavior's positive relationship with followers' trust in their leader.
D)Contingent reward and its negative relationship with organizational commitment.

Question 33

An individual conforms to a group in order to obtain praise for conformity.This is an example of:

A)referent power.
B)reward power.
C)coercive power.
D)expert power.

Question 34

Which of the following statements is consistent with C. A. Schriesheim's findings on leader behavior?

A) Instrumental leader behavior had particularly strong effects on group processes in small and newly formed groups.
B) Supportive leader behavior exerted its greatest influence in large and newly formed groups.
C) Instrumental leader behavior had particularly strong effects on group processes in large and older groups.
D) Supportive leader behavior exerted its greatest influence in small and newly formed groups.

Question 35

_____ power stems from internalized values in an individual which dictate that the agent has a right to influence the individual and that the individual has an obligation to accept this influence.

A)Ingratiating
B)Legitimate
C)Referent
D)Expert

Question 36

Age,intelligence,caste,and physical characteristics are examples of which legitimizing basis of power?

A)Designation by a legitimizing agent
B)Environmental situations
C)Cultural values
D)Acceptance of social structure

Question 37

The study by French and Raven concludes that in general,_____ power will have the broadest range.

A)legitimate
B)expert
C)referent
D)reward

Question 38

The addition of a piecework rate in a factory as an incentive to increase production is an example of _____ power.

A)referent
B)legitimate
C)coercive
D)reward

Question 39

_____ power is based on a feeling of oneness of follower with leader,or a desire for such an identity.

A)Referent
B)Legitimate
C)Expert
D)Inspirational

Question 40

_____ rewards are those that are administered independently of subordinates' performance.

A)Noncontingent
B)Nonadditive
C)Additive
D)Contingent

Question 41

_____ plays an important role in translating leader self-sacrifice into follower cooperation.

A)Performance of moderators
B)Independence with the collective
C)Prerequisite for moderation
D)Follower trust in the leader

Question 42

Self-sacrificing leaders:

A)provide an important clue that interacting or complying with them could be unsafe.
B)provide a clue that interacting with them could result in low individual rewards.
C)could reinforce the intrinsic motivation of members to go beyond self-interest.
D)could have a negative effect on member motivation and group performance.

Question 43

What are the five bases of the power that a leader posses?

Question 44

How does self-sacrificial behavior impact the effectiveness of leadership?

Question 45

Discuss the influence and power exerted by leaders on subordinates.

Question 46

What are the various bases for legitimate power?

Question 47

Anecdotal analyses of leadership suggest that:

A)self-sacrificial behavior contributes substantially to leadership effectiveness.
B)leadership effectiveness is low if the leader himself is not benefited.
C)leadership is more effective when the leader is benefited more than the followers.
D)performance-related decisions should be made by leaders independently.

Question 48

Which of the following is a key finding of the study conducted by Cremer and Knippenberg?

A)Leader compensation and benefits affect the group's performance as a whole.
B)Self-sacrifice for the collective may be an important aspect of leadership.
C)Leadership patterns should not be based on self-sacrifice.
D)Organizations may not be able to translate leader self-sacrifice into follower cooperation.

Question 49

Discuss the relationship between leader behavior and group drive based on Zander's suggestions.

Question 50

The results of the study conducted by Podsakoff and Todor indicate that leaders who administer evaluative rewards and punishments contingently will:

A)have a dysfunctional effect on subordinate performance.
B)have a dysfunctional effect on subordinate satisfaction.
C)increase individual performance and reduce group performance.
D)have a more functional effect on subordinate group performance.