Deck 17: Reconstruction: North and South

Question 1

Defeat in the war made southern whites less religious.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Democrats generally favored "sound" or "hard" monetary policies.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The South emerged from the Civil War with a strong, diversified economy.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In the North, the Civil War especially elevated the power of:

A) business leaders
B) family farmers
C) ministers
D) teachers
E) corporate workers

Question 5

Which of the following was NOT a task of the Freedmen's Bureau?

A) negotiating labor contracts
B) providing medical care
C) setting up schools
D) arming the freedmen
E) distributing food

Question 6

The Republican-dominated Congress succeeded in centralizing national power by the end of the Civil War.

Question 7

The most popular religious denomination among blacks in the post-war South was Baptist.

Question 8

The Crédit Mobilier scandal involved the direct participation of President Grant.

Question 9

After the House of Representatives impeached President Johnson, the Senate failed to convict him by just one vote.

Question 10

The Fourteenth Amendment recognized the validity of Confederate debts.

Question 11

Emancipation had what impact on the South?

A) It ended cotton cultivation throughout the region
B) It left the South's labor system in disarray
C) It resulted in the immediate rebound of tobacco production
D) It eliminated racial prejudice in many states
E) It encouraged reconciliation with the North

Question 12

The Freedmen's Bureau was tremendously successful in protecting and assisting former slaves.

Question 13

In the Compromise of 1877, Republicans promised to withdraw federal troops from Louisiana and South Carolina.

Question 14

Waving "the bloody shirt" meant referring to the Civil War and the southern rebellion in order to discredit political opponents.

Question 15

After the war, rumors swept the South that ex-slaves would receive:

A) free public education
B) positions in all levels of government
C) an official apology from the U.S. government for centuries of oppression
D) forty acres and a mule
E) the confiscated weapons of Confederate soldiers

Question 16

The Fifteenth Amendment freed the slaves.

Question 17

Scalawags were generally Republicans native to the South who had opposed succession.

Question 18

During the Civil War, Congress passed:

A) a number of laws designed to ease the transition of the southern states from the Confederacy back into the Union
B) the Morrill Tariff, which halved the average level of import duties
C) the Homestead Act of 1862, which gave 160 acres to settlers who lived on the land for five years
D) the Pullen Agriculture Act, which set standards governing tenancy on small farms
E) laws for the strict regulation of railroads and factories

Question 19

Despite winning the popular vote in 1876, Samuel Tilden lost the presidency.

Question 20

President Johnson's plan to restore the Union closely resembled Lincoln's.

Question 21

The Military Reconstruction Act:

A) was overturned by the Supreme Court
B) showed the decline of Radical power
C) required new state constitutions in the South
D) removed federal troops from the South
E) wiped out the "black codes"

Question 22

Why did Congressional Republicans write the "Wade-Davis Manifesto"?

A) to proclaim their strong support of President Lincoln's Reconstruction policies
B) to warn the South of a second Civil War if it did not grant full civil rights to the freedmen
C) to protest Lincoln's veto of the Wade-Davis Bill and accuse Lincoln of exceeding his constitutional authority
D) to express their opinion that the South deserved lenient terms to rejoin the Union
E) to accuse England of meddling in the Civil War

Question 23

When, in late 1865, the former Confederate states sent a number of ex-Confederates to Congress, the Unionists in Congress:

A) denied them their seats
B) shunned them socially
C) gave them only minor committee assignments
D) sincerely welcomed them
E) called them traitors

Question 24

The "black codes" enacted by southern legislatures:

A) were accepted by Congress
B) showed the South's spirit of conciliation
C) tried to restore key elements of slavery
D) proved the success of Johnson's Reconstruction plan
E) forbade blacks to marry

Question 25

Johnson's Proclamation of Amnesty excluded the people he blamed for leading the South into secession. They were:

A) the wealthy planters, merchants, and bankers
B) the freedmen
C) the small farmers
D) the British
E) Northern industrialists

Question 26

President Johnson fully broke with Congress in 1866 when he:

A) made a drunken appearance in public
B) spoke in favor of the "black codes"
C) released Jefferson Davis from prison
D) vetoed a bill to continue the Freedmen's Bureau
E) addressed the Radicals in profane language

Question 27

Why was Johnson picked as Lincoln's running mate in 1864?

A) They were both lifelong Republicans.
B) They held identical political positions.
C) They agreed on the need for strict terms to readmit southern states into the Union.
D) As a gesture of unity, they combined to create a National Union ticket.
E) Johnson and Lincoln had already served together in the Illinois state government.

Question 28

Why did Radical Republicans want to disenfranchise former Confederates?

A) to make the South a Northern Colony
B) to ensure the South would never rejoin the Union
C) to keep them from electing Democrats eager to restore the old southern ruling class to power
D) to facilitate a complete national reconciliation that included both southern whites and blacks
E) to anger President Lincoln

Question 29

Lincoln's successor, Andrew Johnson:

A) was a pro-Union southerner
B) supported black equality
C) supported the interests of southern planters
D) was Lincoln's equal in political skill
E) tried to repeal the Thirteenth Amendment

Question 30

Lincoln's assassin, John Wilkes Booth:

A) supported the Radical Republicans
B) used a high-powered rifle
C) was never apprehended
D) shot him during a speech
E) was a pro-Confederate actor

Question 31

The 1866 congressional elections:

A) showed public approval of Johnson's policies
B) gave Republicans veto-proof majorities
C) encouraged the South to be even more defiant
D) were the first in which blacks could vote
E) reduced the influence of the Radicals

Question 32

At the end of the Civil War, the newly freed slaves were given:

A) small plots of land confiscated from southern planters
B) forty acres and a mule
C) medical and legal assistance from the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands
D) $5 for every year they had served in bondage
E) free tuition in any public school or college

Question 33

On what basis did President Lincoln claim the right to direct Reconstruction?

A) Congress had legislated it.
B) Lincoln cited the precedent of incorporating the southwestern territories into the U.S. after the Mexican War.
C) The Supreme Court had decided it was Lincoln's responsibility.
D) Lincoln claimed constitutional provisions pertaining to presidential power gave him the authority.
E) The former Confederate states had requested presidential not congressional supervision.

Question 34

Under Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction:

A) loyal governments appeared in five states, but Congress refused to recognize them
B) loyal governments were recognized by Congress in three southern states
C) 10 percent of elected officials in a state had to be black
D) 10 percent of the 1860 voters had to take an oath of allegiance to the Union
E) leading Confederates would be sent to prison

Question 35

Why did the Radical-led Congress pass the Civil Rights Act of 1866?

A) It was a response to the "black codes" and the neo-slavery system created by unrepentant southern legislatures.
B) It was to foster national reconciliation and genuine feelings of patriotism among all Americans.
C) It was a part of a plan to ease the requirements on the readmission of southern states to the Union.
D) It enjoyed the support of President Johnson.
E) Southern states requested the bill to clarify the rights of their citizens before rejoining the Union.

Question 36

The Radical Republicans understood that essential to maintaining Republican control of the federal government was:

A) a quick restoration of the Union
B) continued military occupation of the South
C) close cooperation with President Johnson
D) pardons for ex-Confederates
E) the right of ex-slaves to vote

Question 37

Southern efforts to recreate a society that looked similar to the Confederacy had what political impact?

A) Slavery became legal once more.
B) The Fourteenth Amendment was repealed.
C) The Democratic party ceased to function.
D) President Johnson was removed from office.
E) Moderate Republicans moved to support Radical Republicans' Reconstruction policies.

Question 38

The main issue that caused the dispute between Congress and President Johnson was:

A) Johnson's role in Lincoln's assassination
B) Johnson's past service as a Confederate soldier
C) a growing conflict of opinion over Reconstruction policy
D) Congress's insistence that Johnson stole the presidency
E) the House's impeachment of Johnson

Question 39

Johnson violated the Tenure of Office Act when:

A) he named someone to his cabinet who had not been confirmed by the Senate
B) he named his brother to serve as a federal judge
C) he fired his vice president
D) he tried to remove one of his cabinet members without Senate permission
E) he failed to deliver the State of the Union address in 1866

Question 40

Johnson's Reconstruction plan:

A) completely repudiated Lincoln's
B) would restore the Union fairly quickly
C) gave the vote to all black men
D) aimed to keep elite planters in power
E) would leave the South completely unchanged

Question 41

Andrew Johnson was:

A) impeached and immediately removed from office
B) threatened with impeachment but never actually impeached
C) impeached by the Supreme Court
D) impeached then imprisoned
E) impeached by the House but not convicted by the Senate

Question 42

In South Carolina, the fact that lower-class whites enjoyed unprecedented political power under Radical Republican rule:

A) generated unexpected support for the Radical Reconstruction among southern white elites
B) resulted in a rebellion that overthrew the reconstructed South Carolina state government
C) enabled the state legislature to reinstitute legal slavery
D) helped keep corruption from becoming a problem in the state government
E) led many former Confederate leaders to oppose the Radical state legislature

Question 43

Christian missionaries who headed south after the war:

A) often brought with them a commitment to civil rights and a vision of biracial social and political equality for freed slaves
B) were as racist as their religious-minded counterparts
C) generally promoted "scientific" theories that claimed blacks were racially inferior
D) were Democrats who felt out of place in the Republican-dominated north
E) founded the Ku Klux Klan

Question 44

Most scalawags were white southerners who had:

A) owned slaves
B) served in the Union army
C) changed their minds about race relations
D) become educated
E) opposed secession

Question 45

Advocates of "soft-money" or paper currency:

A) tended to be merchants and bankers
B) saw economic benefits in price inflation
C) urged the elimination of greenbacks
D) dominated the Grant administration
E) wanted to cancel the national debt

Question 46

Ulysses S. Grant:

A) was elected president in 1868 despite the heavy black Democratic vote
B) brought confidence and honesty to a national government torn by Reconstruction
C) brought little political experience and judgment to the presidency
D) pushed for civil service reform throughout his presidency
E) was nominated by both major parties in the 1868 election

Question 47

"Hard-money" advocates argued that government war bonds should be:

A) paid off in gold
B) paid off in copper
C) paid off in greenbacks
D) canceled
E) handed out to Union veterans

Question 48

During Reconstruction, all of the following are true about African American involvement in the political arena during Reconstruction EXCEPT:

A) their lack of education and inexperience in politics put them at a disadvantage
B) within a few years of the end of the Civil War, former slaves were voting in large numbers
C) several African Americans were elected as governors
D) few African Americans served as judges
E) in the new state governments, African American participation was a novelty

Question 49

Why did service in the Union army or navy benefit many freedmen?

A) It offered training on how to kill former Confederates.
B) It instilled a respect for the former Confederacy.
C) It opened a secret supply of weapons for planned rebellions.
D) It provided training in leadership and alerted them to new opportunities in economic advancement and civic leadership.
E) It offered a quicker avenue to true racial equality.

Question 50

Most carpetbaggers were:

A) corrupt and greedy
B) illiterate
C) wealthy business owners
D) Union veterans
E) former Confederates

Question 51

What state was the only one in the nation that did not ratify all three constitutional amendments related to ending slavery (the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth)?

A) Virginia
B) Massachusetts
C) Kentucky
D) Texas
E) New Jersey

Question 52

During Reconstruction, African Americans

A) passively awaited developments
B) attempted to establish schools
C) normally joined integrated churches
D) terrorized their former masters
E) refused to work for wages

Question 53

All of the following statements about the Fifteenth Amendment are true EXCEPT:

A) Mississippi, Texas, Virginia ratified it before being readmitted
B) it forbid the states to deny any person the vote on grounds of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude"
C) Congress rescinded Georgia's readmission and insisted it ratify the amendment before regaining its readmission
D) Kentucky did not ratify it
E) it ended slavery

Question 54

In the aftermath of the Confederacy's defeat, religious-minded white southerners:

A) began to seriously question their faith
B) became less racist
C) saw no reason to change their thinking that God was on their side
D) prayed and went to church more often
E) questioned the authority of their ministers

Question 55

The main purpose of the Union League was to:

A) organize groups of Republicans in the South
B) terrorize ex-Confederates
C) acquire land for Union veterans
D) defy Radical Reconstruction
E) organize black laborers for higher wages

Question 56

Many former Confederates resented the new state Constitutions imposed by Radical Republicans because:

A) all former Confederates were denied the right to vote
B) their provisions allowed for black voting and civil rights
C) former Confederates were uniformly banned from holding any public office
D) their provisions granted universal female suffrage
E) state governments were dismantled and replaced by direct federal administration

Question 57

Northern voters supported Grant mainly because of his:

A) military record
B) skill as a politician
C) support for black equality
D) promise to punish ex-rebels
E) pledge to retire the national debt

Question 58

The Radical state governments in the South did all the following EXCEPT:

A) construct railroads
B) cut taxes
C) establish public schools
D) build roads and bridges
E) provide opportunities for ex-slaves

Question 59

Jay Gould and James Fisk triggered a scandal with their scheme to:

A) embezzle public funds
B) create a railroad monopoly
C) corner the gold market
D) sell damaged goods to the Indians
E) bribe members of Congress

Question 60

What was the main reason that Congress impeached Andrew Johnson?

A) Corruption
B) Violation of the Tenure of Office Act
C) Sexual misconduct
D) Tax evasion
E) Illegal trafficking in slavery

Question 61

How was the contested election of 1876 decided? Describe the political, racial, and sectional effects of the decision.

Question 62

What were the major problems facing the nation in April 1865? What factors stood in the way of a solution to those problems?

Question 63

What problems did blacks in the South face after emancipation? What attempts did the government make to solve these problems?

Question 64

In response to the Klan, President Grant:

A) did nothing
B) endorsed their activities
C) created a special federal police force
D) ordered the army to crush it
E) tried to protect black rights

Question 65

Why didn't President Grant seek a third term in 1876?

A) He was restricted by the Constitution to two terms.
B) His wife did not want him to run again.
C) He felt he was too old.
D) By 1875, he acknowledged the growing opposition to his renomination.
E) His alcoholism was revealed to the public.

Question 66

The Specie Redemption Act of 1875:

A) finally reversed the post-war inflation that had stifled economic growth for almost a decade
B) called for the resumption of the policy of withdrawing greenbacks from circulation
C) allowed for the redemption of greenbacks in gold
D) had the support of the national Greenback party
E) had the support of most western farmers

Question 67

Describe the plans for Reconstruction offered by Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, and Congress. What was the goal of each plan? How did each plan propose to accomplish its goal?

Question 68

The Liberal Republicans

A) supported Grant
B) were controlled by Grant
C) backed Radical Reconstruction
D) were a faction of southern ex-Whigs
E) opposed Grant

Question 69

What were the major economic issues between 1868 and 1876?

Question 70

What was the most significant enduring legacy of Reconstruction?

A) The creation of true social equality in the South.
B) The eradication of southern black poverty.
C) The passage of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments.
D) The redistribution of wealth in the South.
E) The eradication of sectional differences.

Question 71

The primary objective of the Ku Klux Klan was:

A) national unity
B) upholding southern honor
C) starting a new civil war
D) oppressing blacks and white Republicans
E) raising money for Confederate widows

Question 72

On what issue did the Democratic and Republican presidential candidates largely agree on during the 1876 campaign?

A) keeping federal troops stationed in the South
B) allowing states the right to secede
C) protecting black civil rights was a top priority
D) relaxing federal authority in the South
E) supporting universal female suffrage

Question 73

The Compromise of 1877:

A) gave the White House to Tilden
B) ended North-South division
C) protected the civil rights of ex-slaves
D) ended Reconstruction
E) kept federal troops in the Deep South

Question 74

Why was the 1876 Supreme Court decision in United States v. Cruikshank (which pertained to the Colfax Massacre) significant?

A) It confirmed that the federal government exercised final authority when protecting freed blacks from white terrorists.
B) It placed the responsibility for protecting freed blacks from white terrorists on town and county governments.
C) It decided that states' rights trumped federal authority when it came to protecting freed blacks from white terrorists.
D) It determined the president as commander-in-chief was the only one with the authority to protect freed blacks from white terrorists.
E) It ruled that the judiciary had no role to play in Reconstruction.

Question 75

By the time President Grant took office, southern resistance to the Reconstruction efforts had:

A) dissipated
B) led to a withdrawal of federal financial support
C) turned violent
D) taken on a peaceful approach
E) renewed the civil war

Question 76

Describe the development in the North as a result of the Civil War. What effect did the absence of southern members of Congress have on the economic agenda of northern Republicans?

Question 77

What happened after the end of Reconstruction?

A) The freedmen remained a powerful force in southern politics.
B) Women filled the power vacuum that Reconstruction had created.
C) The South embarked on a path toward rapid industrial development.
D) The protections of black civil rights crumbled under the pressure of restored white rule and unfavorable Supreme Court decisions.
E) The majority of blacks migrated out of the South.

Question 78

When the votes were first counted in the 1876 presidential election:

A) no candidate had an Electoral College majority
B) Hayes led Tilden in popular votes
C) it was clear that a clean election had occurred
D) the Democrats immediately conceded defeat
E) the Supreme Court ordered a new election

Question 79

Why did southern Democrats agree to the Compromise of 1877?

A) It gave the Democrats the White House for the first time since before the Civil War.
B) It permitted the Democrats to gain control of the Senate.
C) It ensured the last federal troops would be withdrawn from Louisiana and South Carolina.
D) It restored slavery.
E) It recognized the rights of states to secede.

Question 80

All of the following are reasons why Republicans lost control in the South EXCEPT:

A) electoral fraud
B) white supremacist violence
C) the panic of 1873
D) the growing weakness of Grant's administration
E) black voters switched to support the Democrats