Deck 10: Four Wheel Alignment Part 2 Diagnostic Angles and Frame Damage

Question 1

The vertical side of the frame is called the web.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Frame sag is the result of frame rails being bent downward in relation to the center of the frame.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Side sway is the vertical misalignment that affects the frame or body centerline.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The perimeter-type frame is used when heavy load-carrying capacity is needed.

Question 5

Scrub radius is the distance between the SAI line and the true vertical centerline of the tire and wheel at the road surface.

Question 6

Included angle is the sum of the SAI and the camber angle if the camber is negative.

Question 7

Front tires that are larger than specified may change the scrub radius from positive to negative.

Question 8

The included angle is the SAI angle minus the positive camber angle.

Question 9

Severe steering pull during hard braking may be caused by unequal SAI angles on the two sides of the front suspension.

Question 10

An incorrect SAI angle may be caused by a strut tower that is out of position.

Question 11

Steering wheel kickback is reduced when the SAI line intersects the true vertical tire and wheel centerline at the road surface.

Question 12

Section modulus is the measure of a frame's strength based on the types of material in the frame.

Question 13

Front-wheel drive cars have a greater SAI angle to provide directional stability.

Question 14

Vehicle directional stability is provided by proper rear wheel tracking and wheelbase.

Question 15

The turning radius angle on the outside wheel is more than the turning radius angle on the inside wheel.

Question 16

Setback occurs when one wheel is driven rearward in relation to the opposite wheel.

Question 17

Aluminum spaceframe is manufactured using hydroforming process.

Question 18

Turning radius is adjustable on some vehicles.

Question 19

Turning radius may be referred to as cornering angle.

Question 20

SAI reduces the need for excessive positive camber.

Question 21

Rear axle offset may be caused by:

A) A bent strut
B) A broken coil spring
C) Worn track bar bushings
D) A broken center bolt in a rear spring

Question 22

Technician A says a variation of 4 degrees between the right and left SAI angles is satisfactory. Technician B says the average SAI angle on a MacPherson strut front suspension is 12 degrees to 18 degrees. Who is correct?

A) A only
B) B only
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 23

If the SAI angle is 12 degrees, and the camber is 1 degree +, the included angle is:

A) 10 degrees
B) 11 degrees
C) 13 degrees
D) 14 degrees

Question 24

Negative camber is present when the camber line is tilted outward in relation to the true vertical centerline of the tire and wheel.

Question 25

Technician A says if the turning radius is not within specifications, tire tread wear is excessive while cornering. Technician B says a bent steering arm causes the turning radius to be out of specifications. Who is correct?

A) A only
B) B only
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 26

All of these statements about vehicle tracking are true EXCEPT:

A) The distance between the front wheels and the distance between the rear wheels must be equal.
B) Each front wheel must be the same distance from the vehicle centerline.
C) Each rear wheel must be the same distance from the vehicle centerline.
D) Each front and rear wheel must be parallel to the vehicle centerline.

Question 27

During a wheel alignment, a technician suspects that the front cradle on a front-wheel-drive vehicle may have shifted. If the cradle was shifted from the right to the left, what effect would it have?

A) Right camber will become more positive and left camber will become more negative evenly
B) Left camber will become more positive and right camber will become more negative evenly
C) Right caster will become more positive and left caster will become more negative evenly
D) Left caster will become more positive and right caster will become more negative evenly

Question 28

The right-front wheel setback is excessive on a MacPherson strut front suspension system. The most likely cause of this problem is:

A) A broken stabilizer bar
B) A bent engine cradle
C) A binding right-upper strut mount.
D) Broken insulators on the right coil spring

Question 29

Frame twist may be the result of a rollover accident or driving on rough terrain.

Question 30

Which of these alignment angles assists in the return of the steering wheel to the straight-ahead position?

A) SAI
B) Camber
C) Positive toe
D) Negative toe

Question 31

Technician A says the SAI line is tilted inward in relation to the true vertical tire centerline viewed from the front. Technician B says on a short-and-long arm front suspension, the SAI line is an imaginary line running through the centers of the upper and lower ball joints viewed from the front. Who is correct?

A) A only
B) B only
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 32

A vehicle with a rack and pinion steering system has a complaint of tire squealing when cornering.  The most likely cause of this problem is:

A) A bent steering arm
B) Worn steering gear mounting bushings
C) Sagged coil springs
D) Loose stabilizer bar bushings

Question 33

On a vehicle with a straight rear axle, the right rear tire exhibits diagonal wipe. The rear toe measurements are left 0.02 and right 1.13
. Technician A says that the rear axle may be bent on the right side of the vehicle. Technician B says that the rear axle has shifted to the left. Who is correct?

A) A only
B) B only
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 34

Technician A says during a turn, both front wheels turn at the same angle. Technician B says an improper turning angle may cause tire squeal when cornering. Who is correct?

A) A only
B) B only
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 35

Technician A says if the front wheels have a toe-out condition, the distance between the front edges of the tires is greater than the distance between the rear edges of the tires. Technician B says many front-wheel drive cars have a slight toe-out setting because driving forces tend to move the front wheels to a toe-in position. Who is correct?

A) A only
B) B only
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 36

All of these statements about SAI angle are true EXCEPT:

A) It is adjustable
B) It reduces the need for excessive positive caster
C) It is tilted toward the center of the vehicle
D) It is added to the positive camber to calculate the included angle

Question 37

Proper directional stability is provided by proper frame condition in combination with accurate front and rear wheel position.

Question 38

An incorrect SAI angle on a MacPherson strut front suspension may be caused by all of these defects EXCEPT:

A) A bent lower control arm
B) A shifted engine cradle
C) An upper strut tower out of position
D) A bent stabilizer bar

Question 39

Technician A says steering pull when braking may be caused by unequal SAI angles on the front suspension. Technician B says front tire tread wear may be caused by unequal SAI angles on the front suspension. Who is correct?

A) A only
B) B only
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 40

A vehicle exhibits excessive tire squeal during cornering. Technician A says that there may be an incorrect toe-out-on-turns angle. Technician B says that a steering arm may be bent. Who is correct?

A) A only
B) B only
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 41

Technician A says the centerline of the front and rear suspensions must be on the vehicle centerline to provide correct vehicle tracking. Technician B says the distance crosswise between the front and rear wheels must be the same to provide correct vehicle tracking. Who is correct?

A) A only
B) B only
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 42

Technician A says rear axle sideset does not affect steering. Technician B says if rear axle sideset occurs, the rear axle is moved inward or outward. Who is correct?

A) A only
B) B only
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 43

Technician A says in a dedicated bench system, the dedicated fixtures are bolted to the bench. Technician B says the holes in the dedicated fixtures must be aligned with the matching holes in the unitized body. Who is correct?

A) A only
B) B only
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 44

Technician A says the tram gauge pointers should be at a specified measurement for each frame measurement location. Technician B says frame measurements can be made with three tram gauges installed across the frame at various locations to check frame sag. Who is correct?

A) A only
B) B only
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 45

Technician A says a dedicated bench system is used to perform unitized body measurements after medium to heavy collision damage. Technician B says a tram gauge may be used to measure the distance between the front strut towers on a unitized body. Who is correct?

A) A only
B) B only
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 46

Frame measurement is being discussed. Technician A says diagonal frame measurements should cross each other at the frame centerline. Technician B says the distance from the frame centerline to the same point on each side of the frame should be equal. Who is correct?

A) A only
B) B only
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 47

All of these statements about frame yield strength are true EXCEPT:

A) It is a measure of the material from which the frame is manufactured
B) It is an indication of the maximum load that may be placed on a material without distorting the material
C) Yield strength is measured in pounds per square inch
D) Yield strength is a measurement of the amount of heat a material will withstand before distorting the material

Question 48

A frame may have any of these types of members EXCEPT:

A) Channel
B) Hexagon
C) Complete box
D) Tubular

Question 49

Technician A says a diamond frame condition affects vehicle directional stability. Technician B says a diamond frame condition causes the wheelbase to be unequal on the two sides of the vehicle. Who is correct?

A) A only
B) B only
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 50

All of these statements about frame buckle are true EXCEPT:

A) It is accordion-shaped damage
B) It may increase the distance between the cowl and the front bumper
C) It may be called frame crush
D) It may decrease the distance between the rear wheels and the rear bumper

Question 51

Technician A says frame side sway causes one corner of the vehicle to be higher than the other corners. Technician B says frame side sway causes the wheelbase to be unequal on the two sides of the vehicle. Who is correct?

A) A only
B) B only
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 52

Technician A says buckle on the front of the frame reduces the distance between the front bumper and the cowl. Technician B says frame buckle may be caused by a side collision. Who is correct?

A) A only
B) B only
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 53

Technician A says the door pillars and the quarter panels are the main load-carrying components in a unitized body. Technician B says the strength of a unitized body is obtained by shape and design. Who is correct?

A) A only
B) B only
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 54

Technician A says if a rear axle is offset, the rear axle is turned so one rear wheel is moved rearward and the opposite rear wheel is moved forward. Technician B say if the right rear wheel is moved forward and the left rear wheel is moved rearward, the steering pulls to the left. Who is correct?

A) A only
B) B only
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 55

The section modulus of a frame is a measure of a frame's strength based on all of these factors EXCEPT:

A) Height
B) Width
C) Thickness
D) Length

Question 56

While diagnosing rear axle offset and sideset:

A) If the rear axle is offset so the thrust line is moved to the left of the geometric centerline, the steering pulls to the left.
B) When rear axle sideset occurs, one rear wheel is moved rearward in relation to the opposite rear wheel.
C) On a semi-independent rear suspension system, worn trailing arm bushings may cause rear axle offset.
D) On an independent rear suspension system, a worn lower ball joint may cause rear axle offset.

Question 57

Technician A says when setback occurs, one side of the front suspension is moved rearward in relation to the opposite side of the front suspension. Technician B says when setback occurs, one side of the front suspension may be at a 95 degree angle to the vehicle geometric centerline. Who is correct?

A) A only
B) B only
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 58

Technician A says a torque box is positioned in front of the rear frame kickup side rails in a perimeter-type frame. Technician B says a torque box is positioned just ahead of the transmission support member in a perimeter-type frame. Who is correct?

A) A only
B) B only
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 59

Technician A says a diamond-shaped frame may be caused by towing another vehicle with the chain attached to one corner of the frame. Technician B says a diamond-shaped frame may be caused when the vehicle is involved in a fire. Who is correct?

A) A only
B) B only
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 60

Technician A says the pointers on a tram gauge are not adjustable. Technician B says the tram gauge should be level when it is placed across the frame at specific locations. Who is correct?

A) A only
B) B only
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 61

What are the benefits of laser welding an aluminum frame?

Question 62

For proper tracking what must be positioned over the centerlines of the front and rear axles?

Question 63

What is meant by directional stability?

Question 64

Describe front wheel setback.

Question 65

Describe the turning angles on the front wheel when cornering, and explain why these angles are necessary.

Question 66

How do you obtain the included angle on a vehicle with negative camber?

Question 67

During a turn, the inside front wheel turns at what type of angle compared to the outboard wheel?

Question 68

What are the advantages of a unitized body design?

Question 69

In a unitized body, the front and rear suspension systems are attached to the:

A) Quarter frame
B) Half frame
C) Full frame
D) Partial frame

Question 70

What is the most common cause of frame sagging?

Question 71

Technician A says vehicle tracking is the parallel relationship between the front and rear wheels. Technician B says vehicle tracking is the parallel relationship between the front cross member and the rear cross member. Who is correct?

A) A only
B) B only
C) Both A nor B
D) Neither A nor B

Question 72

Some components in a unitized body are manufactured from:

A) Mild alloy steel
B) High-strength steel
C) Stainless steel
D) Case-hardened steel

Question 73

When reading dimensions on a unitized body chart, capital letters indicate:

A) Rear of the vehicle
B) Front of the vehicle
C) Right side of the vehicle
D) Left side of the vehicle

Question 74

How does SAI help to return the steering wheel to the center position after a turn?

Question 75

Ultra high-strength steel may be used to manufacture what parts of a unitized body?

Question 76

The vehicle wheelbase is the distance between:

A) The center of the front and rear wheels
B) The center of the left-front and right-rear wheels
C) The distance between the rear wheels
D) The center of the right-front and left-rear wheels

Question 77

What effect does negative scrub radius have on a vehicle when driven?

Question 78

On a car with a MacPherson strut front suspension, a 6 degree difference in left and right SAI angles may increase what during hard acceleration?

Question 79

Define steering axis inclination.

Question 80

On a car with a MacPherson strut front suspension, a 6 degree difference in left and right SAI angles may cause what during braking?