Deck 12: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

In a(n)_____,a person experiences recurrent,sudden onsets of intense terror,often without warning and with no specific cause.

A) panic disorder
B) generalized anxiety disorder
C) phobic disorder
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Answer 1

panic disorder

Question 2

When treating a client with a psychological disorder,a therapist makes the assumption that the person's difficulties stem primarily from the context in which a person lives.This therapist most likely identifies with the _____ approach to psychological disorders.

A) biological
B) psychological
C) sociocultural
D) biopsychosocial

Answer 2

sociocultural

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT classified as an anxiety disorder?

A) Specific phobia
B) Panic disorder
C) Depression
D) Social anxiety disorder

Answer 3

Depression

Question 4

Drug companies commonly fund research that focuses on a(n)_____ model of psychological disorders.

A) cultural
B) analytical
C) disease
D) cognitive

Question 5

Which of the following is a criticism of DSM-5?

A) It's classification of individuals on the basis of five dimensions or axes
B) It's strong emphasis on a person's strengths and weaknesses to destigmatize psychological disorders
C) It's strong focus on the medical model, neglecting factors such as poverty and trauma
D) It's lack of reliance on social norms and subjective judgments

Question 6

The _____ approach is evident in the medical model.

A) biological
B) psychological
C) sociocultural
D) cognitive

Question 7

Although Carol has been experiencing persistent anxiety for the past 6 months,she has been unable to specify the cause or source of her nervous feelings.Carol likely suffers from _____.

A) Schizophrenia
B) post-traumatic stress disorder
C) a panic disorder
D) generalized anxiety disorder

Question 8

You are having dinner with your friend Sophia when she experiences a sudden onset of intense terror,without warning and with no specific cause.Sophia would most likely be diagnosed as suffering from _____.

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) panic disorder
C) phobic disorder
D) generalized anxiety disorder

Question 9

Which theoretical approach emphasizes the contributions of experiences,thoughts,emotions,and personality characteristics in explaining psychological disorders?

A) The sociocultural approach
B) The psychological approach
C) The humanistic approach
D) The biological approach

Question 10

John has sudden attacks of intense fear in which he experiences palpitations,he feels dizzy,and he has trouble catching his breath.During these attacks,he worries that he is going to die.From this description,it sounds like John has _____.

A) Schizophrenia
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) panic disorder
D) generalized anxiety disorder

Question 11

Jason is very depressed and can't help but think that life holds few rewards.He feels upset and frustrated by the fact that he just can't "shake the blues." The _____ aspect of abnormal behavior applies to Jason.

A) deviant
B) maladaptive
C) digressive
D) personally distressful

Question 12

The _____ approach to disorders primarily focuses on the brain,genetic factors,and neurotransmitter functioning as the sources of abnormality.

A) psychological
B) sociocultural
C) biological
D) evolutionary

Question 13

With respect to the three characteristics of abnormal behavior,when a behavior interferes with a person's ability to function effectively in the world,it is considered _____.

A) unique
B) dependent
C) maladaptive
D) repetitive

Question 14

When a behavior is _____ it is often considered abnormal.

A) impulsive and not as frequent
B) atypical in that it deviates from what is acceptable in a culture
C) repetitive
D) unique

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the DSM-5 is true?

A) It is the only diagnostic system.
B) It was introduced in 1994 and revised in 2000.
C) It includes new diagnoses such as binge eating disorder and gambling addiction.
D) It classifies individuals on the basis of five dimensions or axes.

Question 16

Chad regularly experiences motor tension,hyperactivity,and apprehensive expectations and thoughts.It is likely that Chad suffers from a(n)_____.

A) mood disorder
B) anxiety disorder
C) personality disorder
D) dissociative disorder

Question 17

Marilyn is depressed a great deal of the time and seeks help from a doctor.She is diagnosed as having a mental illness caused by a chemical imbalance.Marilyn is most likely being treated by someone who adheres to the _____ model of psychological disorders.

A) medical
B) behavioral
C) psychoanalytic
D) cognitive

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria that psychologists use to define abnormality?

A) Unique
B) Maladaptive
C) Personally distressful
D) Deviant

Question 19

What theoretical approach to psychological disorders would be most likely to consider a person's gender and ethnicity when diagnosing a disorder?

A) Sociocultural
B) Behavioral
C) Biological
D) Cognitive

Question 20

Thirty-year-old Armand feels compelled to save objects that others might throw away.He is afraid that he will discard something he will need later,so his home is filled with old junk.Armand's neighbors have complained and he feels embarrassed.Which criteria that define abnormality are applicable in this case?

A) Armand's behavior deviates from what is acceptable in a culture and is distressing for him.
B) Armand's behavior has drawn the attention of other people.
C) Hoarding behavior is normal through adolescence but should disappear by the time the person is in his early- to mid-twenties.
D) Saving junk suggests that Armand is paranoid.

Question 21

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)_____.

A) does not seem to have a genetic component because it does not run in families
B) is linked with high levels of serotonin and dopamine
C) does not seem to be linked with abnormal brain functioning
D) sometimes occurs during a period of life stress

Question 22

Jillian can't bear to leave her home without washing all the linens and floors,vacuuming the carpets,and organizing everything in her cupboards.Because she knows that her behavior is extreme,she has tried to go to work without doing all these things,but she is overcome with such overwhelming dread that she never makes it all the way to the office.Jillian probably has _____.

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) generalized anxiety disorder
C) post-traumatic stress disorder
D) panic disorder

Question 23

What differentiates people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)from those who don't have OCD?

A) The ability to ignore or dismiss intrusive thoughts
B) The presence of agoraphobia
C) A history of past sexual abuse
D) Overprotective parents

Question 24

In movies that focus on war,soldiers who have returned from the frontlines often struggle with overwhelming anxiety,nervousness,depression,and flashbacks.In many cases these soldiers have problems with memory and an inability to experience happiness.These characters are indicative of _____.

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) post-traumatic stress disorder
C) specific phobia
D) dissociative identity disorder

Question 25

The most common compulsion exhibited by individuals who have obsessive-compulsive disorder is excessive _____.

A) exercising
B) cleansing
C) sleeping
D) eating

Question 26

_____ involves a significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics,such as lethargy and hopelessness,for at least 2 weeks.

A) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) Major depressive disorder
C) Bipolar disorder
D) Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 27

The Anxiety disorder in which the individual has anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away and/or urges to perform repetitive,ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation is called _______.

A) specific phobia
B) post-traumatic stress disorder
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) schizophrenia

Question 28

When Sandra was 18 years old,she was in a serious car accident.Although she made a full recovery from her injuries,she experienced extreme anxiety afterward.Sandra is now very anxious when driving,has nightmares about the accident,and flinches when she goes through intersections.Sandra has symptoms suggestive of _____.

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) specific phobia
C) post-traumatic stress disorder
D) panic disorder

Question 29

_____ is an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life.

A) Anxiety
B) Fear
C) Anger
D) Depression

Question 30

A fear becomes a phobia when _____.

A) a doctor diagnoses it as such
B) an individual will go to any length to avoid the object of the fear/phobia
C) a person can specifically identify what they are afraid of
D) the regions of the brain like amygdala and hippocampus are deactivated

Question 31

Individuals who suffer from _____ have an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in public/collective situations.

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) post-traumatic stress disorder
D) social anxiety disorder

Question 32

_____ are recurrent thoughts,whereas _____ are recurrent behaviors.

A) Compulsions/obsessions
B) Obsessions/compulsions
C) Delusions/hallucinations
D) Hallucinations/delusions

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder?

A) Flashbacks
B) Impulsive outbursts of behavior
C) Difficulties with memory and concentration
D) Feeling emotionally charged

Question 34

Which of the following statements about research on the etiology of panic disorder is false?

A) Panic disorder is associated with neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and GABA.
B) Theories of the origins of panic attack take into account biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.
C) Lactate, which plays a role in brain metabolism, has been found to be elevated in individuals with panic disorder.
D) American men are twice as likely as American women to be diagnosed with panic disorder.

Question 35

Randy experienced a horrific childhood.She was physically and verbally abused by her mother and sexually abused by her stepfather.Years later,she began experiencing anxiety symptoms.Which of the following anxiety related disorders would best apply to this situation?

A) major depressive disorder
B) post-traumatic stress disorder
C) bipolar disorder
D) schizophrenia

Question 36

Which of the following statements about specific phobia is true?

A) All disorders that involve repetitive behavior like hoarding disorder, excoriation, and trichotillomania are related to specific phobia.
B) All people who have a specific phobia can easily identify experiences that explain these.
C) Specific phobia is an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in social situations.
D) Many explanations of specific phobias view these disorders as based on experiences and learned associations.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of major depressive disorder?

A) Reduced interest or pleasure in all or most activities
B) Significant weight gain or loss
C) Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much
D) History of manic episodes

Question 38

Former NFL coach John Madden had a famous fear of flying that led him to take a bus to all of the games he broadcasted.The fact that he would go to any length to avoid flying suggests that he suffered from _____.

A) schizophrenia
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) specific phobia
D) post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 39

According to the National Institute of Mental Health,the leading cause of disability in the United States is _____.

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) panic disorder
C) schizophrenia
D) major depressive disorder

Question 40

A depressive disorder is classified as a(n)_____ disorder.

A) anxiety
B) mood
C) personality
D) digressive

Question 41

Individuals who are depressed show lower levels of brain activity in the _____.

A) amygdala
B) prefrontal cortex
C) hippocampus
D) hypothalamus

Question 42

Francine has been suffering from a chronic sore throat,kidney problems,dehydration,gastrointestinal problems,and dental problems.These complications are commonly experienced by individuals who suffer from _____.

A) binge eating disorders
B) anorexia nervosa
C) bulimia nervosa
D) bipolar disorder

Question 43

_____ plays an important role in the psychological experience of pain.

A) BDNF
B) Substance P
C) K2
D) K3

Question 44

______ is an eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.

A) Binge-eating disorder
B) Anorexia nervosa
C) Schizophrenia
D) Dissociative identity disorder

Question 45

Unlike obese individuals who do not suffer from binge eating disorder,binge eaters are more likely to _____.

A) consume fatty, high-calorie food
B) stop eating before they are full
C) overvalue their physical appearance, weight, and body shape
D) suffer from diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease

Question 46

Depressive disorders are _____,whereas bipolar disorder is _____.

A) more common among men/equally common in men and women
B) more common among women/equally common in men and women
C) equally common in men and women/more common among women
D) equally common in men and women/more common among men

Question 47

With respect to the cognitive view of depression on people's attributions,depression is thought to be related to a(n)_____ attributional style

A) pessimistic
B) unstable
C) external
D) perfectionistic

Question 48

Depressed people tend to have fewer receptors of the neurotransmitters _____

A) dopamine and GABA
B) GABA and epinephrine
C) oxytocin and serotonin
D) serotonin and norepinephrine

Question 49

Genetic factors are stronger predictors of _____ than _____.

A) depressive disorders/bipolar disorder
B) bipolar disorder/depressive disorders
C) dysthymic disorder/depressive disorders
D) dysthymic disorders/bipolar disorder

Question 50

Cindy is having difficulty paying her monthly bills.She often just sits and stares at her checkbook,which causes her to feel anxious about the possibility of going bankrupt.Cindy is demonstrating _____.

A) rumination
B) narcissistic personality disorder
C) empathetic distress
D) somatization

Question 51

_____ is an eating disorder in which an individual,typically female,consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern.

A) Bulimia nervosa
B) Binge-eating disorder
C) Anorexia nervosa
D) Schizophrenia

Question 52

_____ has the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder.

A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Schizophrenia
C) Bipolar disorder
D) Anorexia nervosa

Question 53

Suicide is linked with low levels of the neurotransmitter _____.

A) dopamine
B) GABA
C) serotonin
D) epinephrine

Question 54

Individuals with bulimia nervosa tend to have _____ of perfectionism and _____ of self-efficacy.

A) high levels/high levels
B) high levels/low levels
C) low levels/high levels
D) low levels/low levels

Question 55

Learned helplessness and pessimistic attributional styles are two ways of understanding the _____ factors associated with depression.

A) bipolar
B) psychological
C) sociocultural
D) biological

Question 56

_____ is a mood disorder that is characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania,an overexcited,unrealistically optimistic state.

A) Major depressive disorder
B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) Bipolar disorder
D) Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 57

Jacqueline has been in relentless pursuit of thinness for the past six months.She has been starving herself to reach this goal.Jacqueline is exhibiting symptoms of _____.

A) binge eating disorder
B) anorexia nervosa
C) bulimia nervosa
D) bipolar disorder

Question 58

_____ involve a sudden loss of memory or change in identity.

A) Anxiety disorders
B) Mood disorders
C) Personality disorders
D) Dissociative disorders

Question 59

Problems in regulating _____ are related to both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

A) serotonin
B) epinephrine
C) tryptamine
D) dopamine

Question 60

Your roommate is acting very strangely.Although she has not slept much in the past few days,she says she is on top of the world.She has cleaned and re-cleaned her closets several times.She also took all her savings and invested it in a questionable financial venture.This period of non-stop activity has lasted for well over a week and is in sharp contrast to the depression and fatigue she exhibited earlier this semester.Your roommate is exhibiting symptoms of _____.

A) bipolar disorder
B) generalized anxiety disorder
C) panic disorder
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 61

Ted is a superficially charming person but is indifferent to the pain of others.He has spent his life in and out of prison for violent crimes.Ted would most likely be diagnosed with which type of personality disorder?

A) Borderline
B) Narcissistic
C) Antisocial
D) Schizotypal

Question 62

_____ personality disorder is a psychological disorder characterized by guiltlessness,law-breaking,exploitation of others,irresponsibility,and deceit.

A) Histrionic
B) Schizoid
C) Antisocial
D) Obsessive-compulsive

Question 63

The _____ of Schizophrenia are marked by a distortion or an excess of normal function,whereas _____ reflect social withdrawal,behavioral deficits,and the loss or decrease of normal functions.

A) positive symptoms/negative symptoms
B) negative symptoms/positive symptoms
C) physical symptoms/psychological symptoms
D) psychological symptoms/physical symptoms

Question 64

Which of the following was formerly called multiple personality disorder?

A) Dissociative amnesia
B) Dissociative identity disorder
C) Dissociative fugue
D) Schizophrenia

Question 65

The Americans with Disabilities Act _____.

A) made it illegal to hold social stigmas against those with mental disorders
B) made it illegal to discriminate against a person with a psychological disorder in the workplace when the person's condition does not prevent performance of the job's essential functions
C) was designed to reduce the cultural stereotypes of people with mental disorders
D) was designed to provide additional healthcare coverage to people with mental disorders who were stereotyped as violent

Question 66

_____ is a severe psychological disorder that is characterized by highly disordered thought processes.

A) Social anxiety disorder
B) Bipolar disorder
C) Generalized anxiety disorder
D) Schizophrenia

Question 67

In 1973 Rosenhan conducted a study in which eight healthy individuals were committed to a psychiatric hospital.What did the results of this study demonstrate?

A) College students who experience negative symptoms of schizophrenia are very susceptible to mental health issues.
B) Doctors are always correct in their diagnosis of Schizophrenia.
C) Once a person has been labeled with a psychological disorder, that label colors how others perceive everything else he or she does.
D) If you are treated for Schizophrenia at an early age, you are likely to recover fully.

Question 68

_____ is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships,self-image,and emotions,and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in various contexts.

A) Schizophrenia
B) Dissociative identity disorder
C) Antisocial personality disorder
D) Borderline personality disorder

Question 69

The thinking style called splitting is associated with which of the following disorders?

A) Schizophrenia
B) Dissociative identity disorder
C) Antisocial personality disorder
D) Borderline personality disorder

Question 70

Catatonia _____.

A) is a state of immobility and unresponsiveness that lasts for long periods of time
B) means giving personal meaning to completely random events
C) refers to false, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture
D) refers to sensory experiences that occur in the absence of real stimuli

Question 71

_____ are sensory experiences in the absence of real stimuli._____ are false,unusual,and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture.

A) Delusions/Hallucinations
B) Hallucinations/Delusions
C) Referential thoughts/Catatonic thoughts
D) Catatonic thoughts/Referential thoughts

Question 72

_____ is the most dramatic,least common,and most controversial dissociative disorder.

A) Dissociative amnesia
B) Dissociative identity disorder
C) Dissociative fugue
D) Schizophrenia

Question 73

All of the following are symptoms of borderline personality disorder EXCEPT _____.

A) chronic feelings of emptiness
B) precurrent suicidal behavior
C) high ignorance level
D) wild mood swings

Question 74

In the film A Beautiful Mind,John Nash hears and sees people who are not actually there.These sensations are examples of _____.

A) hallucinations
B) delusions
C) mirages
D) catatonia

Question 75

The disordered thoughts in schizophrenia are referred to as psychotic because _____.

A) they are caused by extreme memory loss
B) they are highly repetitive
C) they are the most dramatic and least common
D) they are far removed from reality

Question 76

Dissociative disorders often occur in individuals who also show signs of _____.

A) bipolar disorder
B) post-traumatic stress disorder
C) antisocial personality disorder
D) panic disorder

Question 77

Frank believes that he is the finest fisherman ever and that,when he is out on the lake,thousands of people are in the surrounding area with binoculars watching his every move in the hopes of discovering his technique.This is an example of _____.

A) a delusion
B) a hallucination
C) a mirage
D) flat affect

Question 78

Abigail suffers from a dissociative disorder.Abigail would likely show lower volume in which of the following brain regions?

A) The frontal cortex and hypothalamus
B) The amygdala and hippocampus
C) The frontal lobe and anterior lobe
D) The ventromedial prefrontal cortex and anterior lobe

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT considered a positive symptom of Schizophrenia?

A) Hallucinations
B) Delusions
C) Referential thinking
D) Flat affect

Question 80

_____ is a common negative symptom of schizophrenia,which means the display of little or no emotion.

A) Catatonia
B) Flat affect
C) Referential thinking
D) Hallucination