Deck 18: Nutrition and Metabolism

Question 1

Vanessa takes many vitamin supplements, claiming that they give her energy. She is mistaken, because cells preferentially use _______ for energy.

A) minerals
B) amino acids
C) proteins
D) carbohydrates

Answer 1

D

Question 2

________ provides short-term energy after cellular glucose supplies are depleted.

A) Triglycerides
B) Proteins
C) Amino acids
D) Glycogen

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Lipids include

A) fats.
B) oils.
C) cholesterol.
D) all of the above.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Adiponectin is

A) a nutrient that causes weight gain.
B) a hormone made in fat tissue and secreted into the circulation, where it affects the response to insulin.
C) a hormone secreted into the stomach lining that enhances appetite.
D) a hormone made in the hypothalamus that decreases appetite after a fatty meal.

Question 5

There are __ essential amino acids needed for adults.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8

Question 6

Which of the following is a monounsaturated fat?

A) Olive oil
B) Butter
C) Palm oil
D) Coconut oil

Question 7

After eating, _________ signals the hypothalamus to suppress appetite.

A) ghrelin
B) neuropeptide Y
C) leptin
D) pepsin

Question 8

Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?

A) Fructose
B) Glucose
C) Sucrose
D) Galactose

Question 9

Which of the following activities should lead to the loss of at least a pound of fat in one week?

A) slow walking or dressing and undressing for an hour each day.
B) sitting at rest for two hours each day.
C) swimming or running for an hour each day.
D) swimming for half an hour each day.

Question 10

A negative nitrogen balance results from a net loss of

A) monosaccharides.
B) amino acids.
C) genes.
D) macronutrients.

Question 11

Cells of the ______ system require a continuous supply of glucose.

A) muscular
B) respiratory
C) digestive
D) nervous

Question 12

Inhibition of which hormone may help in weight loss?

A) Leptin
B) Ghrelin
C) Cholecystokinin
D) Adiponectin

Question 13

Sarah eats only dairy, and no meat or eggs. She is a(n)

A) lacto-vegetarian.
B) ovo-vegetarian.
C) vegan.
D) pesco-vegetarian.

Question 14

BMI measures

A) weight in proportion to height.
B) the amount of body fat.
C) volume in proportion to area.
D) the basal metabolic rate.

Question 15

Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are

A) nanonutrients.
B) micronutrients.
C) macronutrients.
D) piconutrients.

Question 16

Sugars that are part of RNA and DNA are

A) glucose and galactose.
B) sucrose and fructose.
C) ribose and deoxyribose.
D) glucose and glycogen.

Question 17

Which of the following provide(s) a source of complete proteins?

A) Eggs
B) Corn
C) Rice
D) Wheat

Question 18

A major step in extracting energy from proteins is

A) deamination.
B) glycogenolysis.
C) glycolysis.
D) beta oxidation.

Question 19

Factors that affect BMR are

A) body size.
B) body temperature.
C) the level of endocrine activity.
D) all of the above.

Question 20

A triglyceride consists of

A) three glycerols and a fatty acid.
B) glycerol and three fatty acids.
C) a cholesterol and three fatty acids.
D) two cholesterols and two fatty acids.

Question 21

People suffering mineral deficiencies sometimes compulsively eat non-nutritive substances, such as laundry starch, dirt, hair, and clay. This condition is called

A) anorexia.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) pica.
D) pernicious anemia.

Question 22

Which of the following vitamins is necessary for producing collagen?

A) Vitamin D
B) Vitamin C
C) Thiamine
D) Biotin

Question 23

Stan takes vitamin supplements every day, buying whatever is on sale at the health food store. He develops nausea, headache, fatigue, easy bruising and bleeding. Which vitamin is he likely taking in excess?

A) B₁₂
B) C
C) D
D) E

Question 24

Excess intake of which vitamin could possibly lead to irreversible renal damage?

A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin B₁₂
C) Vitamin B₁
D) Vitamin D

Question 25

Which of the following minerals is important in synthesizing and using ATP?

A) Zinc
B) Chlorine
C) Magnesium
D) Potassium

Question 26

The vitamin that functions as part of coenzyme A is

A) pyridoxine.
B) pantothenic acid.
C) niacin.
D) riboflavin.

Question 27

Which of the following vitamins can promote intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus?

A) A
B) K
C) Niacin
D) D

Question 28

Fat-soluble vitamins are

A) absorbed more readily in the presence of bile salts.
B) excreted rapidly by the kidneys.
C) easily destroyed by heat during cooking.
D) not stored in tissues.

Question 29

The fat-soluble vitamins include

A) vitamin C.
B) the B-complex vitamins.
C) vitamins A, D, and K.
D) A, E, C and the B vitamins.

Question 30

Excess calcium in the diet causes

A) deposition of calcium in soft tissue.
B) brittle teeth.
C) cracked fingernails.
D) stunted growth.

Question 31

Treatment with antibiotic drugs is sometimes followed by a deficiency of vitamin

A)A
B)C
C) D
D) K

Question 32

The condition associated with lack of intrinsic factor and decreased absorption of cyanobalamin is

A) pernicious anemia.
B) pellagra.
C) megaloblastic anemia.
D) scurvy.

Question 33

A large calorie (kilocalorie) equals the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a kilogram of water by ___ degree Celsius.

A) 0.1
B) 1
C) 10
D) 100

Question 34

Deficiency of vitamin ___ causes osteomalacia.

A) A
B) C
C) D
D) E

Question 35

Intrinsic factor regulates the absorption of

A) biotin.
B) folacin.
C) vitamin B₆.
D) vitamin B₁₂.

Question 36

Deficiency of vitamin ___ causes night blindness.

A) A
B) C
C) D
D) K

Question 37

Excess potassium

A) is deposited in the blood.
B) causes brittle bones.
C) disrupts body pH.
D) is excreted in urine.

Question 38

Vomiting, diarrhea and flushing are caused by

A) a lack of calcium.
B) excess niacin.
C)
C) a deficiency of iron.
D) excess vitamin

Question 39

Which of the following is a trace element?

A) Magnesium
B) Sulfur
C) Iron
D) Chlorine

Question 40

The B vitamins are

A) essential for normal cellular metabolism.
B) involved in the oxidation of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
C) grouped because they are in the same foods.
D) all of the above.

Question 41

Ribose and deoxyribose are carbohydrates.

Question 42

Dietary supplements include dietary ingredients such as

A) a vitamin.
B) an herb.
C) an amino acid.
D) all of the above.

Question 43

Britney is 5'2" and weighs 130 pounds. Christina is 5'8" and weighs 140 pounds, Madonna is 5'6" and weighs 150, Rihanna is 5'10" and weighs 150, and Beyonce is 5'0" and weighs 120 pounds. Which woman has the lowest BMI?

A) Britney
B) Christina.
C) Madonna
D) Rihanna

Question 44

Medical conditions that affect the ability to obtain adequate nutrition include

A) tooth decay.
B) depression.
C) periodontal disease.
D) all of the above.

Question 45

Which of the following regimens should lead to the loss of one pound of fat in one week?

A) burning 1,000 calories a day swimming, or eating 1,000 fewer calories a day.
B) burning 500 calories a day running or eating 500 fewer calories a day.
C) burning 1,000 calories on each of three days with exercise and eating an extra 200 calories a day.
D) eating 250 calories less a day and not exercising.

Question 46

Kwashiorkor may develop in children who have dietary deficiencies of

A) carbohydrates.
B) lipids.
C) proteins.
D) fiber.

Question 47

Individuals at highest risk for developing anorexia nervosa are

A) infants.
B) adolescents.
C) adults.
D) children.

Question 48

Evangeline is 5'4" and weighs 200 pounds. According to the BMI chart, she is

A) underweight.
B) a healthy weight.
C) overweight.
D) obese.

Question 49

BMR

A) rises continually throughout life.
B) rises from birth to age five, then declines, then peaks in adolescence, then drops during adulthood.
C) goes up and down depending upon whether a person exercises or not.
D) remains the same throughout life.

Question 50

Glycogen in an adult's liver and muscles provides enough reserve energy to meet energy demands for about 12 hours.

Question 51

Neuropeptide Y is secreted in the stomach and suppresses appetite.

Question 52

Monica doesn't eat anything that was once in an animal. She is an ovo-vegetarian.

Question 53

Which trace element and function is correctly matched?

A) Iron:part of hemoglobin molecule
B) Iodine:constituent of several enzymes involved in digestion
C) Zinc:needed in blood clotting process
D) Manganese:essential component for synthesis of thyroid hormones

Question 54

The ingredients listed on the label of a packaged food

A) are listed from most to least tasty.
B) are listed in increasing order by weight.
C) are listed in decreasing order by weight.
D) are listed alphabetically.

Question 55

Vitamin A deficiency may take years to become noticeable because

A) it is difficult to eat too many carrots.
B) most vitamin A leaves the body in urine.
C) the liver stores it.
D) the brain stores it.

Question 56

Good general dietary advice for athletes is to eat

A) about equal amounts of the three macronutrients.
B) 60% or more carbohydrates, mostly from grains and vegetables.
C) only two large meals a day, with no snacks.
D) much more protein than non-athletes.

Question 57

Intake of at least 10 grams of carbohydrate is needed daily to avoid protein breakdown.

Question 58

A protein deficiency may be accompanied by edema because of

A) a decrease in plasma proteins and therefore a decrease in colloid osmotic pressure.
B) an increase in blood pressure.
C) vasodilation of capillaries throughout the body.
D) lack of sufficient water in the diet.

Question 59

Macronutrients are carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Question 60

Which of the following terms is (are) defined correctly?
3-26-2013

A) Adequate diet:diet that provides sufficient energy and essential nutrients for growth, maintenance, and repair of tissues
B) Malnutrition:poor nutrition that results from a lack of essential nutrients
C) Bulimia:binging and purging
D) All of the above

Question 61

Amino acids can be used to synthesize proteins for cellular structures and for energy, and to synthesize proteins that function in various body processes.

Question 62

The B vitamins are water insoluble.

Question 63

Essential amino acids are those required by the body to build proteins, whereas nonessential amino acids are not required by the body to build proteins.

Question 64

Carbohydrates include cholesterol and phospholipids.

Question 65

Cholesterol is synthesized chiefly in the liver.

Question 66

Provitamins are special vitamins that elite athletes take.

Question 67

Obesity is defined as a BMI over 30.

Question 68

Complete proteins can promote normal growth, whereas incomplete proteins cannot promote normal growth.

Question 69

Vitamin D deficiency in children produces scurvy.

Question 70

Linoleic acid is an essential amino acid.

Question 71

Vitamins directly provide energy.

Question 72

Cholesterol functions in the body as an energy source, and furnishes molecular components for the synthesis of various sex hormones.

Question 73

Caloric intake exceeding caloric output is a positive energy balance.

Question 74

The average BMR for an adult indicates a need for one calorie of energy per hour for each gram of body weight.

Question 75

Vitamin E is primarily stored in adipose tissue and muscle.

Question 76

Fat-soluble vitamins dissolve in water, are very sensitive to the effects of heat, and are easily destroyed by cooking or food processing.

Question 77

Gram for gram, carbohydrate provides about twice as much energy as protein.

Question 78

A complete protein has adequate amounts of the essential amino acids.

Question 79

Vitamin A is an antioxidant.

Question 80

The liver functions in fat metabolism to control the amounts of glucose, amino acids, and iron released into the blood.