Deck 3: Attitudes, Self-Concept, Values, and Ethics

Question 1

People with an internal locus of control are more likely to use unethical behavior.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Comparing yourself to others can only have a positive influence on your self-concept.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The Hawthorne effect is related to the Pygmalion effect because both affect employee attitudes.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Rewards must be large in order to have an impact on self-concept.

Question 5

Self-concept, once developed, is static and non-changeable.

Question 6

When most people use unethical behavior, it is due to some type of character flaw.

Question 7

A person's positive or negative human relations with his or her coworkers has no effect on overall job satisfaction.

Question 8

Our ability to make ethical decisions is related to our level of moral development.

Question 9

Your self-concept, also called self-esteem and self-image, is your overall attitude about yourself.

Question 10

Values are developed very differently from attitudes.

Question 11

An attitude is a strong belief or feeling toward people, things, and situations.

Question 12

Job satisfaction is the process of determining employee attitudes about the job and work environment.

Question 13

Self-efficacy is your belief in your capability to perform in a specific situation.

Question 14

People must be treated as high achievers in order to produce their best.

Question 15

If you give praise for poor performance, performance usually improves.

Question 16

A self-concept system is the set of standards by which an individual lives.

Question 17

If you can attribute someone's rude behavior to an internal cause, you are likely to respond with positive human relations.

Question 18

Employees who have managers with Theory Y attitudes are just as unhappy with their jobs as employees who have managers with Theory X attitudes.

Question 19

One's thoughts and feelings about oneself have greater influence in determining one's self-concept than does one's behavior.

Question 20

Providing inadequate direction or instructions to employees can cause job dissatisfaction.

Question 21

"I enjoy fixing cars; it is often challenging to determine what is wrong and how to fix it." Which determinant of job satisfaction does this statement reflect?

A) Work itself
B) Growth and upward mobility
C) Pay
D) Supervision

Question 22

_____ is your overall attitude about yourself.

A) Self-reflection
B) Self-concept
C) Self-efficacy
D) Self-awareness

Question 23

"I must be alert so that the employees don't slacken their productivity," said Bob, the manager. His attitude is reflective of which of the following?

A) Expectation theory
B) Theory X
C) Hawthorne effect
D) Theory Y

Question 24

Jonathan tend's to look for the natural goodness in his employees and his employees have reported higher levels of job satisfaction. Jonathan's attitude can be classified under which of the following?

A) Theory Y
B) Expectation theory
C) Theory X
D) Self-actualization theory

Question 25

One's personality is partly based on _____.

A) self-awareness
B) self-confidence
C) self-concept
D) self-reflection

Question 26

"I'm doing a good job, and I'm in line for a promotion." Which determinant of job satisfaction does this statement reflect?

A) Job security
B) Supervision
C) Growth and upward mobility
D) Pay

Question 27

An attitude is _____.

A) one's perception that the cause of behavior is either internal or external
B) the set of standards by which the individual lives
C) your belief in your capability to perform in a specific situation
D) a strong belief or feeling toward people, things, and situations

Question 28

Rhonda loves her job and is very satisfied with her compensation. She is further motivated to perform efficiently when she hears that incentives will be given to efficient employees. Which of the following would be Rhonda's determinant for job satisfaction?

A) Coworkers
B) Work itself
C) Supervision
D) Pay

Question 29

Jeff earns well and belongs to a good team but he is quite dissatisfied with his boss and the critical remarks he receives despite his best efforts. Jeff's lack of job satisfaction can be attributed to which of the following determinants?

A) Pay
B) Supervision
C) Coworkers
D) Growth and mobility

Question 30

Which theory states that supervisors' attitudes and expectations of employees, and how they treat them largely determine employee performance?

A) Expectation theory
B) Pygmalion effect
C) Hawthorne effect
D) Halo effect

Question 31

Dylan, the newly appointed manager, believes in his employees and gives them a lot of freedom to do their work without much supervision from him. His attitude reflects which of the following?

A) Expectation theory
B) Theory X
C) Halo effect
D) Theory Y

Question 32

Samantha loves going to work because she has made many friends at work. Her job satisfaction can be attributed to which of the following determinants?

A) Coworkers
B) Growth and mobility
C) Pay
D) Supervision

Question 33

Being pessimistic and self-depreciating at the first sign of failure is associated with which of the following?

A) Being negative
B) Being optimistic
C) Listening to people
D) Successful thinking

Question 34

Which of the following statements reflects a positive attitude?

A) "How many times do I have to tell you not to do it that way?"
B) "Don't ask me. I just work here."
C) "I'm an important member of our department's team."
D) "I am not to blame. The manager gave me no time."

Question 35

A set of attitudes toward work is called _____.

A) job satisfaction
B) the Pygmalion effect
C) self-efficacy
D) the Hawthorne effect

Question 36

"I'm here to see if you are adhering to the schedule." This statement reflects which of the following?

A) Theory Y
B) Self-actualization theory
C) Theory X
D) Halo effect

Question 37

Which of the following is indicative of how work itself can be a determinant of job satisfaction?

A) "I have a tight schedule as the manager is very particular about deadlines being met."
B) "I am looking forward to a promotion as I had a highly productive quarter."
C) "I enjoy dealing with the challenges in my job as they increase my knowledge."
D) "I always find that my colleagues are very cordial despite our obvious differences."

Question 38

When a manager gives feedback to an employee he is trying to:

A) determine employee attitude about the work environment.
B) make working conditions as pleasant as possible.
C) provide consequences.
D) change employee attitude.

Question 39

"How many times do I have to tell you not to do it that way?" This statement is an attitude of someone who believes in which of the following?

A) Theory X
B) Self-actualization theory
C) Theory Y
D) Halo effect

Question 40

Maria, the new assistant manager, expects her employees to report to her every week with a detailed productivity report. Her attitude illustrates which of the following?

A) Self-actualization theory
B) Theory Y
C) Theory X
D) Halo effect

Question 41

_____ are more stable than attitudes.

A) Perceptions
B) Behaviors
C) Values
D) Personalities

Question 42

Value changes over the years are often a major part of what is referred to as the _____.

A) cultural gap
B) generation gap
C) achievement gap
D) gender gap

Question 43

Which of the following would help improve one's self-concept?

A) Perceiving that the cause of behavior is either internal or external.
B) Reconciling with oneself as a separate entity from the environment and other individuals.
C) Willingness to take responsibility for one's actions.
D) Ability to introspect one's thoughts and feelings.

Question 44

Briana considers herself a failure. She has changed several jobs in the last year and is trying hard to hold on to the one she has right now. If she is willing to take responsibility for her poor performance and improve, Briana should:

A) increase her expectations.
B) identify the people she can blame.
C) develop a positive self-concept.
D) make social comparisons.

Question 45

______ is the moral standard of right and wrong behavior.

A) Ethics
B) Attribution
C) Spirituality
D) Value

Question 46

Dana, a corporate executive, is hoping for a promotion in the next quarter. She feels that in order to be more productive and have better relationships, she should build a more positive self-concept. Which is the first step Dana should take in order to accomplish this?

A) Set goals and visualize them
B) Develop a plan and implement it
C) Identify her strengths and areas for improvement
D) Look for scope for improvement in the initial plan

Question 47

After setting short-term and long-term goals and visualizing them, what should the next step be in building a positive self-concept?

A) Identifying strengths and areas that need improvement
B) Placing goals where one can review them several times each day
C) Starting and ending each day with positive thoughts about oneself
D) Developing a plan and implementing it

Question 48

Dana is in the process of identifying her strengths and areas that need improvement. Which of the following should she keep in mind at this time?

A) Reflect on some of her accomplishments
B) Set her goals and visualize them
C) Develop her plan and implement it
D) Look for scope for improvement in her initial plan

Question 49

People who use power for personal benefit or to help others are called _____.

A) leaders who are emotionally stable
B) leaders with agreeableness dominance
C) leaders with surgency dominance
D) leaders who are open to new experiences

Question 50

One way of improving your self-concept is by _____.

A) developing emotional intelligence
B) increasing technical knowledge
C) avoiding risks
D) interacting on a personal level with colleagues

Question 51

The self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when:

A) the cause of behavior is either internal or external.
B) your expectations affect your success or failure.
C) you self-examine conscious thoughts and feelings.
D) you observe others' behavior and do not know the reason for it.

Question 52

Which of the following is indicative of positive self-concept?

A) "I can never finish work on time."
B) "I can come to office on time only once in a while."
C) "It is very hard to be successful with a boss like that."
D) "I know I'll get better at this with practice."

Question 53

Briana needs to improve her self-concept. She should:

A) be critical of her accomplishments.
B) give and accept compliments.
C) always keep a realistic and down-to-earth attitude to life.
D) be a fighter and get what she wants at any cost.

Question 54

Which of the following is indicative of negative self-concept?

A) "I know my hard work will pay off soon."
B) "I was never ever meant to be promoted."
C) "I believe that it will get better with each day at work despite the deadline."
D) "Despite the bad day at work today I am hoping to do my best tomorrow."

Question 55

Which of the following is true of the conventional level in moral development?

A) Behavior is motivated by universal principles of right and wrong.
B) One seeks to balance the concerns for self with those of others and the common good.
C) One must be obedient to authority to avoid punishment.
D) It is common for followers to copy the behavior of the leaders and group.

Question 56

Which of the following is a guideline for personal and professional development from a spiritual perspective?

A) Reaching actualization
B) Knowing others
C) Acting with authenticity
D) Staunchly following your belief system

Question 57

Which of the following refers to a set of standards by which an individual lives?

A) Spiral Dynamics
B) Value system
C) Value-neutral
D) Judgment call

Question 58

_____ is one's perception that the cause of behavior is either internal or external.

A) Internalization
B) Attribution
C) Arbitration
D) Transition

Question 59

Negative human relations occur when the cause of behavior is believed to be _____.

A) internal
B) stereotypical
C) external
D) cultural

Question 60

Which of the following describes one's belief in one's capability to perform in a specific situation?

A) Self-awareness
B) Self-concept
C) Self-efficacy
D) Self-effort

Question 61

Which of the following is true of the postconventional level in moral development?

A) Behavior is motivated by universal principles of right and wrong.
B) One must be obedient to authority to avoid punishment.
C) Peer pressure is used to enforce group norms.
D) It is common for followers to copy the behavior of the leaders and group.

Question 62

Being a good global citizen by doing what is desired by global stakeholders is part of which level of global corporate social responsibility?

A) Legal
B) Economic
C) Ethical
D) Philanthropic

Question 63

Give two examples of when your attitude affected your performance. One should be a positive effect and the other a negative one. Be sure to fully explain how your attitudes affected performance.

Question 64

_____ is the process of claiming the victim deserved whatever happened, or the unethical behavior was caused by someone else's behavior.

A) Disregard for or distortion of consequences
B) Euphemistic labeling
C) Diffusion of responsibility
D) Attribution of blame

Question 65

_____ is the process of blaming one's unethical behavior on others.

A) Diffusion of responsibility
B) Disregard for or distortion of consequences
C) Displacement of responsibility
D) Attribution of blame

Question 66

Has job or school satisfaction affected your absenteeism? Explain your answer. For example, do you attend a class or job more if you are satisfied with it or if you are dissatisfied with it?

Question 67

Give an example of when you lived up to or down to your own expectations (self-efficacy leading to self-fulfilling prophecy).

Question 68

_____ is the process of reinterpreting immoral behavior in terms of a higher purpose.

A) Diffusion of responsibility
B) Moral justification
C) Displacement of responsibility
D) Attribution of blame

Question 69

Consider a specific job you hold or have held. Measure your job satisfaction for the job by rating each of the seven determinants of job satisfaction using a scale from 1 (not satisfied) to 5 (satisfied); then add up the total points and divide by seven to get your average, or overall, job satisfaction level. Be sure to write down the seven determinants and your ratings.

Question 70

______ refers to ethical decisions that are made based on the ethical standards of a particular country.

A) Regionalism
B) Universalism
C) Relativism
D) Justification

Question 71

Highly ______ and unsupervised situations increase the odds of unethical behavior.

A) competitive
B) dynamic
C) disorganized
D) creative

Question 72

Which of the four general guidelines to building a positive self-concept needs the least work? The most work? Explain your answer.

Question 73

Has job or school satisfaction affected your performance? Explain your answer. For example, compared to your work in classes or jobs that you are satisfied with, do you work as hard and produce as much for classes or jobs that you are dissatisfied with?

Question 74

Describe your self-concept.

Question 75

Which of the following is true of the preconventional level in moral development?

A) Behavior is motivated by universal principles of right and wrong.
B) One must be obedient to authority to avoid punishment.
C) Peer pressure is used to enforce group norms.
D) One seeks to balance the concerns for self with those of others and the common good.

Question 76

Based on your answers in Self-Assessment Exercise 3-2, what will you do to improve your job attitude? Be specific.

Question 77

Which of the following is true of the Rotary International four-way test?

A) "Is it fair to all concerned?"
B) "Will it build ethical practices?"
C) "Does it break any laws?"
D) "Will it be beneficial to the one using this test?"

Question 78

Describe your attitude about college in general and the specific college you are attending.

Question 79

Give an example of when you lived up to (or down to) someone else's expectations of your performance (the Pygmalion effect). It could be a parent's, teacher's, coach's, or boss's expectations. Be specific.

Question 80

Moral justification is the process of:

A) blaming one's unethical behavior on others.
B) comparing oneself to others who are worse.
C) reinterpreting immoral behavior in terms of a higher purpose.
D) minimizing the harm caused by the unethical behavior.