Deck 24: B: Sustainability the Makings of a Green City

Question 1

In general,exponential growth of a population follows the pattern

A) 20, 30, 40, 50, 60.
B) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12.
C) 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64.
D) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
E) 2, 25, 30, 35, 50.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A graph of the growth of the human population has what shape?

A) J
B) S
C) inverted U
D) inverted V
E) a straight line

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Although cities occupy __________ of Earth's surface and have only __________ of the world's population,they consume more than __________ of Earth's natural resources.

A) 2%; 50%; 75%
B) 2%; 75%; 90%
C) 5%; 50%; 90%
D) 5%; 75%; 90%
E) 8%; 50%; 75%

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In 2006,the ecological footprint of an individual in global hectares was approximately equal to

A) a basketball court.
B) two and a half volley ball courts.
C) three tennis courts.
D) one hockey rink.
E) two and a half football fields.

Question 5

What spurred the growth rate of the human population since the 1950s?

A) tools
B) antibiotic development
C) agriculture
D) building cities
E) electricity

Question 6

Which is the correct order,from most to least,for global hectares per person by country?

A) United States, Ireland, Brazil, and Congo
B) Congo, Brazil, Ireland, and the United States
C) Ireland, the United States, Brazil, and Congo
D) Brazil, the United States, Congo, and Ireland
E) United States, Brazil, Ireland, and Congo

Question 7

Ecological footprints calculate

A) the amount of water and fossil fuel needed to support producers and consumers.
B) the amount of land needed to support a population and absorb their waste.
C) the amount of carbon that consumers require and produce as waste.
D) the amount of land and water a population requires to produce the resources it consumes and assimilate the waste it produces.
E) the damage left on an environment from using natural resources unwisely by a population.

Question 8

What is an ecological footprint?

Question 9

The human population is growing exponentially largely due to

A) available resources.
B) lower death rates.
C) higher birth rates.
D) improved medical treatments and care.
E) All of the above.

Question 10

Which two countries have the greatest total ecological footprints?

A) Canada and the United States
B) Canada and China
C) China and the United States
D) Russia and the United States
E) Russia and Canada

Question 11

An ecological footprint

A) measures the amount of land required by a population to live.
B) measures the amount of water required by a population to live.
C) measures the amount of air required by a population to live.
D) measures the amount of land and water required by a population to live.
E) measures the amount of land and water required by a population to live and the amount of land and water required to absorb that population's waste.

Question 12

To determine the impact human populations have on an environment,scientists use which measurement?

A) joules
B) carbon footprints
C) carbon units
D) ecological footprint
E) hectares

Question 13

The current population of Earth is roughly

A) 300 million.
B) 700 million.
C) 1.5 billion.
D) 7 billion.
E) 20 billion.

Question 14

Although this country has a low global hectare per person,its total footprint rivals that of the United States.

A) Canada
B) China
C) Australia
D) India
E) Russia

Question 15

The human population is growing

A) exponentially.
B) logistically.
C) linearly.
D) logarithmically.
E) polynomially.

Question 16

In general,exponential population growth starts slow and rapidly increases until

A) the natural increase is reached.
B) it decreases with disease.
C) it reaches a maximum.
D) resources become limited.
E) All of the above.

Question 17

As of 2006,the global hectare average was ______ per person per year.

A) 1
B) 2.6
C) 3.6
D) 5
E) greater than 5

Question 18

What does an ecological footprint measure?

A) the amount of land required to feed a population
B) the damage a population has on an ecosystem
C) the impact on nature as determined by a population's lifestyle
D) the amount of fossil fuel a population uses
E) the amount of energy a population produces and consumes

Question 19

An ecological footprint is measured in

A) joules.
B) carbon footprints.
C) carbon units.
D) global hectares.
E) ergs.

Question 20

All of the following are reasons for the rapid growth of human populations,EXCEPT

A) the advent of agriculture.
B) the industrial revolution.
C) increased travel by boat.
D) the discovery of antibiotics.
E) improved sanitation.

Question 21

What is the single biggest change people can make to begin living at or below Earth's biocapacity?

Question 22

Earth's biocapacity in global hectares is

A) 9.0.
B) 11.9.
C) 2.6.
D) 1.8.
E) 0.48.

Question 23

If a population of 1,000 had an average footprint of 2 global hectares per person,how many global hectares would a population of 2,000 require to have a similar impact on the environment?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 1.5
D) 0.5
E) 3

Question 24

Nonrenewable resources

A) are natural resources.
B) take millions of years to form.
C) supply our energy demands.
D) are not sustainable.
E) All of the above.

Question 25

In the past 50 years,which of the following demands has increased the most?

A) energy
B) grazing land
C) forest land
D) crop land
E) fishing ground

Question 26

The biological demand for this overshoots the sustainability of Earth by 40%.

A) seafood
B) food and fiber
C) timber and paper
D) buildings
E) energy

Question 27

What is an environmental result from burning fossil fuels?

A) the release of sulphur into the environment
B) the release of smoke into the environment
C) the release of greenhouse gases into the air
D) the production of carbon monoxide
E) the production of smog

Question 28

Define biocapacity and explain the relationship of biocapacity to the human ecological footprint.

Question 29

Why would a nondeveloped country with a low per-capita footprint have a similar total footprint to a more developed country?

A) The nondeveloped country is more sustainable.
B) The developed country is less sustainable.
C) The nondeveloped country has a larger population.
D) The nondeveloped country has fewer people.
E) The developed country has more people.

Question 30

This nonrenewable resource supplies most of the world's energy.

A) coal
B) petroleum oil
C) gas
D) peat
E) bitumen

Question 31

Why is there reluctance to eliminate fossil fuels as an energy source?

A) There are no other sources of energy.
B) They are relatively cheap to obtain.
C) Other methods of energy production are not as efficient.
D) They are unlimited in supply.
E) All of the above.

Question 32

The world's demand exceeds the Earth's ability to meet that demand by

A) 10%.
B) 20%.
C) 30%.
D) 40%.
E) 50%.

Question 33

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) The United States and China have roughly the same per-capita ecological footprint.
B) China has a higher per-capita ecological footprint than the United States.
C) The United States has a higher per-capita ecological footprint than China, but China's large population means their total footprint is almost as large as the total U.S. footprint.
D) China's large population means that its total ecological footprint is greater than that of the United States.
E) China's per-capita ecological footprint is near the world average of 2.6 global hectares per person.

Question 34

The biological demand for _____ has stayed nearly the same over the last 45 years.

A) built-up land
B) grazing lands
C) fishing grounds
D) crop land
E) All of the above.

Question 35

Which resource is currently in greatest demand globally?

A) built-up lands
B) grazing lands
C) fossil fuels
D) fishing grounds
E) crop lands

Question 36

The world average ecological footprint is

A) 1.2 global hectares.
B) 2.6 global hectares.
C) 3.1 global hectares.
D) 3.9 global hectares.
E) 4.3 global hectares.

Question 37

Why is the current lifestyle of the human population considered unsustainable?

A) The biologically productive land is diminishing.
B) The biologically productive land and water is greater than the biocapacity.
C) The carbon footprint is greater than the demand of the population.
D) The biocapacity of Earth is less than the global ecological footprint.
E) The demand for renewable resources exceeds the ecological footprint.

Question 38

Recent calculations put the global footprint per capita at _______ and Earth's biocapacity at _______ global hectares.

A) 2.8; 2.6
B) 1.8; 1.8
C) 2.6; 1.8
D) 1.8; 2.6
E) 2.6; 2.6

Question 39

If the biocapacity of a country was 3 global hectares per capita,to be sustainable,a population of 6,000 would have to have an ecological footprint of ______ per capita.

A) 12
B) 24
C) 3
D) 4
E) 6

Question 40

Rank the following from smallest per capita ecological footprint to largest.

A) Australia→Europe→India→United States→China
B) Australia→India→Europe→China→United States
C) China→Europe→India→Australia→United States
D) India→China→Europe→Australia→United States
E) India→Europe→Australia→ United States→China

Question 41

Which of the following is a drawback to using coal as an energy source?

A) Coal miners have increased risk of respiratory illness.
B) Mining damages large areas of land.
C) Burning coal releases greenhouse gases.
D) Coal contains pollutants such as arsenic, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide.
E) All of the above.

Question 42

Globally,which resource is relied upon MOST for energy production?

A) hydroelectric power
B) fossil fuels
C) nuclear power
D) wind power
E) biofuels

Question 43

If all goes according to plan,the eco-city of Greensburg will use ______ less energy than a conventional city of the same size.

A) 25%
B) 40%
C) 50%
D) 65%
E) 75%

Question 44

List at least three drawbacks of using coal as an energy source.

Question 45

An ecologically friendly city that has housing,work,and schools located close to each other would decrease the requirement for

A) pedestrian traffic.
B) cars.
C) bikes.
D) public transportation.
E) electricity.

Question 46

Globally,which renewable energy resource is relied upon LEAST for energy production?

A) hydroelectric power
B) nuclear power
C) solar power
D) wind power
E) biofuels

Question 47

An environmentally friendly city's ecological footprint of 2.6 would need to become this in order to be in agreement with global sustainability.

A) 7.6
B) 4.4
C) 3.6
D) 2.6
E) 1.8

Question 48

Globally,which renewable energy resource is relied upon MOST for energy production?

A) hydroelectric power
B) solar power
C) wind power
D) biofuels
E) nuclear power

Question 49

In the United States,energy demands account for roughly _________ of the U.S.ecological footprint.

A) 25%
B) 35%
C) 50%
D) 60%
E) 75%

Question 50

How do trees and green rooftops fit into a plan for an environmentally friendly city?

Question 51

List three drawbacks of using nuclear power and two advantages.

Question 52

Why is it advantageous to target cities over rural areas to become sustainable?

A) Buildings can be easily modified.
B) It is readily accomplished and blueprints are already drawn up.
C) The density of people maximizes the efficiency of resource use.
D) Rural areas use the most resources.
E) Rural areas are more difficult to modify.

Question 53

Why is landscaping important part designing an environmentally friendly city?

A) Trees provide shade, which cools buildings.
B) Vegetation filters water and absorbs carbon dioxide.
C) Gardens can supply food.
D) Natural habitats are provided.
E) All of the above.

Question 54

List two pros and two cons associated with using oil as an energy source.

Question 55

Which renewable energy resource could potentially supply half the projected energy demands of our planet?

A) hydroelectric power
B) solar power
C) wind power
D) biofuels
E) nuclear power

Question 56

Which is NOT a renewable resource?

A) hydroelectric power
B) wind power
C) biofuels
D) fossil fuels
E) nuclear power

Question 57

What may be a potential drawback to using biofuels as a renewable energy resource?

A) They are expensive to produce.
B) They produce carbon dioxide.
C) Noxious pollutants are produced.
D) They compete with growing food crops.
E) Bird species are affected.

Question 58

Which building design or modification would be found in an environmentally friendly city?

A) buildings located near trees for shading purposes
B) buildings with green roofs
C) buildings that are low
D) buildings made of material other than concrete
E) All of the above.

Question 59

Describe at least three ways in which a city can become more ecologically friendly.

Question 60

List at least three drawbacks of using solar and wind power as sources of energy.

Question 61

Why are some regions of the world more water-stressed than others?

Question 62

Why has the global demand for freshwater increased during recent history?

A) increased temperatures
B) increases in population and agricultural demand
C) diminished freshwater supplies
D) increased use per capita
E) increased pollution of freshwater

Question 63

Explain how a vegetarian diet can reduce water use.

Question 64

Where is the most freshwater located on our planet?

A) North America
B) Antarctica
C) Greenland
D) Australia
E) Asia

Question 65

Which contains the least amount of freshwater on Earth?

A) rivers and lakes
B) glaciers and ice caps
C) oceans
D) aquifers
E) reservoirs

Question 66

Aquifers are

A) deep seawater deposits.
B) underground rock stores of freshwater.
C) filters for seawater underground.
D) filters for ground water.
E) freshwater that comes from glaciers.

Question 67

Predictions of future water-stressed countries evaluate

A) water use per capita.
B) ratios of water availability to water use.
C) ratios of evaporation, condensation, and transpiration.
D) water cycles.
E) total water consumption.

Question 68

Although _____ of Earth's surface is water,only _____ is available for human consumption.

A) 50%; 2%
B) 55%; 8%%
C) 63%; 5%
D) 70%; 1%
E) 82%; 3%

Question 69

Even if the United States could meet all of its energy demands from renewable energy resources,do you think it is best to rely on one or two sources or a great variety of sources? Explain your answer.

Question 70

Which contains the most freshwater on our planet?

A) glaciers and ice caps
B) rivers and streams
C) oceans
D) aquifers
E) groundwater

Question 71

What percentage of Earth's water is freshwater?

A) 50%
B) 25%
C) 10%
D) 2.5%
E) 1%

Question 72

Rain,snow,and hail are examples of

A) evaporation.
B) condensation.
C) transpiration.
D) precipitation.
E) respiration.

Question 73

What is directly correlated with increased global demand for freshwater?

A) temperature
B) precipitation
C) per-capita use
D) human population
E) All of the above.

Question 74

What percentage of Earth's freshwater is used for agriculture?

A) 40%
B) 60%
C) 50%
D) 80%
E) >90%

Question 75

Which of the following statements about water use is TRUE?

A) Most water is used for domestic purposes, such as drinking water and showers.
B) Per-capita water use has remained relatively constant in the last 100 years.
C) Total water use has remained relatively constant over the last 100 years.
D) Water is a nonrenewable resource that is rapidly being depleted.
E) The amount of water required to produce a kilogram of beef is roughly twice the amount of water required to produce a kilogram of corn.

Question 76

To maintain a balanced water cycle,what needs to occur?

A) Per-capita consumption must decrease.
B) Water withdrawals cannot exceed replenishment.
C) Irrigation for agriculture must stop.
D) Per-capita consumption must increase.
E) Water withdrawals must exceed replenishment.

Question 77

The process of water going into the atmosphere is called

A) evaporation.
B) condensation.
C) transpiration.
D) precipitation.
E) respiration.

Question 78

Which location has the least amount of available freshwater?

A) Canada
B) North America
C) Africa
D) Europe
E) Australia

Question 79

Describe how water cycles on Earth.

Question 80

What is responsible for the six-fold increase in total freshwater withdrawals in the 20th century?

A) increase in hydroelectric power
B) increase in recreational use
C) irrigation for agriculture
D) increase in per-capita water withdrawals
E) All of the above.