Deck 27: B: Cardiovascular System Death in Bogalusa

Question 1

Which of the following is the largest artery in the human body?

A) a coronary artery
B) a pulmonary vein
C) a pulmonary artery
D) an aorta
E) an atrium

Answer 1

an aorta

Question 2

The transition between arteries and veins occurs within tiny blood vessels termed

A) transition vessels.
B) transition arteries.
C) capillaries.
D) lungs.
E) None of the above .

Answer 2

capillaries.

Question 3

Which of the following system loops carries oxygenated blood?

A) systemic circuit
B) aortic circuit
C) pulmonary circuit
D) A and C only
E) A, B, and C

Answer 3

A and C only

Question 4

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart is

A)a vein.
B)an artery.
C)an atrium.
D)a capillary.
E)a ventricle

Question 5

What structure of the cardiovascular system is a fist size muscle that works as a pump?

A)ventricle
B)kidney
C)aorta
D)arteries
E)heart

Question 6

___________ move blood away from the heart and ____________ return blood to the heart.

A)Arteries; veins
B)Veins; arteries
C)Pulmonary circuits; systemic circuits
D)Systemic circuits; pulmonary circuits
E)Veins; veins

Question 7

A cardiovascular system is composed of

A)the heart.
B)blood vessels.
C)blood.
D)neither A,B,nor C.
E)A,B,and C.

Question 8

Which of the following is placed in the correct order regarding blood flow?

A) veins→capillaries→arteries
B) veins→arteries→capillaries
C) arteries→capillaries→veins
D) arteries→veins→capillaries
E) capillaries→arteries→veins

Question 9

In the pulmonary circuit,which structures contain the highest blood pressure?

A) the aorta
B) the pulmonary vein
C) the pulmonary artery
D) the right atrium
E) the lungs

Question 10

Which of the following is associated with the pulmonary circuit?

A) an aorta
B) a pulmonary vein
C) a left ventricle
D) a left atrium
E) C and D only

Question 11

Which of the following is placed in the correct order for the pulmonary circuit?

A) veins→right atrium→right ventricle→pulmonary artery→lungs→pulmonary vein
B) veins→right atrium→right ventricle→pulmonary vein→lungs→pulmonary artery
C) pulmonary artery→right atrium→right ventricle→pulmonary vein→lungs
D) pulmonary artery→left atrium→left ventricle→pulmonary vein→lungs
E) pulmonary vein→left atrium→left ventricle→pulmonary artery→lungs

Question 12

Why must blood follow a double circuit (pass through the heart twice before moving out to the body)?

A) Blood must be oxygenated in the pulmonary circuit prior to moving to the systemic circuit where it moves out to the body.
B) Blood must pick up nutrients in the gut prior to entering the heart a second time to be oxygenated in the pulmonary circuit.
C) Blood does not move through the heart twice before moving out to the body.
D) Blood must go to organs with high oxygen demands prior to moving back to the lungs in the pulmonary circuit.
E) Both the pulmonary and systemic circuits bypass the heart, which acts only to provide pressure to move the two systems.

Question 13

Which of the following describes the main differences between fish and human circulation of blood throughout the body?

A) Humans have a four-chambered heart and fish have a two-chambered heart.
B) Humans, unlike fish, must move blood from the atrium to the ventricle, which supplies the blood pressure.
C) Fish, unlike humans, must overcome a lowering of blood pressure as the blood is oxygenated before it goes directly to the systemic body.
D) A and C
E) All of the above are hurdles.

Question 14

Humans have a(n)_____________ circulatory system.

A) closed
B) open
C) mixture of blood and other body fluids in their A and C
D) B and C

Question 15

What is the primary function of the combined cardiovascular system structures?

Question 16

What blood flow feature of amphibians allows them to maintain oxygenated blood when submerged under water,and how is this cardiovascular system both similar and different from human blood flow patterns?

Question 17

Which of the following is placed in the correct order for the systemic circuit?

A) left atrium→left ventricle→aorta→arteries→capillaries→veins
B) right atrium→right ventricle→aorta→arteries→capillaries→veins
C) left atrium→left ventricle→veins→capillaries→arteries→aorta
D) right atrium→right ventricle→ veins→capillaries→arteries→aorta
E) left atrium→left ventricle→aorta→arteries→veins→capillaries

Question 18

Which of the following contain pressurized blood propelled by the heart?

A)arteries
B)veins
C)capillaries
D)ventricles
E)atria

Question 19

What structural similarity do the capillaries of the lungs and the capillaries of the systemic body have that allows for their gas exchange function?

Question 20

A blood vessel that carries blood toward the heart is

A) an artery.
B) a vein.
C) a ventricle.
D) a coronary.
E) an atrium.

Question 21

What part of the heart contains the cells dictating the pace of the heart beat?

A) right atrium
B) left atrium
C) right ventricle
D) left ventricle
E) Both B and D

Question 22

The pulmonary vein is to the left atria as the __________ is to the right atria.

A)pulmonary artery
B)aorta
C)vena cava
D)left ventricle
E)right ventricle

Question 23

Which of the following describes the flow of blood in the heart?

A) atrium to ventricle
B) atrium to atrium and ventricle to ventricle
C) ventricles to atria
D) atria to arteries
E) Both A and C

Question 24

Ventricular contraction leads to the force of the blood entering the arteries.It can be measured as the _____________.

A) diastolic pressure
B) pulse
C) systolic pressure
D) B and C
E) It cannot be measured.

Question 25

In which of the following circulatory systems does blood pick up nutrients from the intestines?

A) systemic
B) pulmonary
C) digestive
D) A and B
E) All of the above are correct.

Question 26

The __________ is an organ that requires oxygenated blood in order to pressurize oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.

A) spleen
B) lung
C) liver
D) intestines
E) heart

Question 27

If the heart is full of blood,why must the heart have its own dedicated blood supply?

Question 28

Although the open system of an ascidian is much different than the closed system of humans,the single-chambered heart of an ascidian does have several similar characteristics that it shares with the human four-chambered heart.Describe two of these characteristics (structural or functional).

Question 29

What blocked blood vessel is the typical cause of a heart attack? Describe what a heart attack is with respect to this blockage.

Question 30

What is the typical amount of time it takes for blood to flow through the entire cardiovascular system in the body?

A)30 seconds
B)1 minute
C)5 minutes
D)10 minutes
E)It only stays in one circuit.

Question 31

Describe the pathway of blood through both the systemic and pulmonary circulatory systems,starting and ending with the left atrium.

Question 32

Describe the location of each heart chamber and the basic functions associated with each.

Question 33

Which of the following are accurate regarding open and closed circulatory systems?

A) Both systems allow for the oxygenation of blood.
B) Only open systems allow for direct mixing with bodily fluids.
C) There is no real need for capillaries in open systems.
D) Closed systems separate oxygenation and nutrient pick up.
E) All of the above.

Question 34

Which of the following organisms contains distinctly separate pulmonary and systemic systems of blood flow?

A) frog
B) fish
C) humans
D) A and C
E) All of the above.

Question 35

Capillaries allow for diffusion of oxygen into cells because

A)blood flow is slowed.
B)of the lower concentration of oxygen in the blood.
C)of thin capillary walls.
D)A and C
E)All of the above.

Question 36

Diastolic pressure is measured

A)during ventricular relaxation.
B)as the pulse.
C)in the veins.
D)A and C.
E)It cannot be measured.

Question 37

The _______ ventricle pumps highly oxygenated blood.

A)right
B)left
C)the only
D)A and B
E)All of the above.

Question 38

Blood flowing from the heart to the coronary arteries comes directly from which of these paths?

A) left atrium→left ventricle→aorta
B) right atrium→right ventricle→aorta
C) left atrium→left ventricle→veins
D) right atrium→right ventricle→capillaries
E) left atrium→left ventricle→ arteries

Question 39

What stops blood from flowing back into the atrium from the ventricle?

A)The two chambers are not connected.
B)The blood naturally will follow the path of least resistance.
C)The one-way valve located between the two compartments.
D)The pressure from the atrium keeps the blood in the ventricle.
E)Ventricular pressure is only directed to the systemic system.

Question 40

Which blood vessels are blocked and are commonly associated with a heart attack?

A) pulmonary arteries
B) coronary arteries
C) pulmonary veins
D) aortas
E) inferior vena cava

Question 41

What product(s)of cellular respiration does blood carry?

A) carbon Dioxide
B) wastes
C) oxygen
D) A and B
E) B and C

Question 42

Fish oxygenate their blood in their gills.Which of the following describes the movement of blood through the gills?

A) The blood flow must slow in the gills.
B) The blood pressure must decrease in the gills.
C) The blood must move through capillaries for diffusion to take place.
D) Both A and C
E) All of the above occur.

Question 43

Blood contains ____________,which are involved in many aspects of the immune response.

A) leukocytes
B) erythrocytes
C) platelets
D) plasma
E) red blood cells

Question 44

Foods high in saturated fats contribute to which of the following?

A) Low levels of LDL in the blood
B) High levels of LDL in the blood
C) Low levels of HDL in the blood
D) High levels of HDL in the blood
E) This changes neither LDL or HDL

Question 45

Blood contains ____________,which do not have a nucleus.

A) leukocytes
B) erythrocytes
C) platelets
D) plasma
E) white blood cells

Question 46

Beyond the cellular components of blood and the nutrients and proteins carried in plasma,why is a blood draw such a representative snapshot of our environmental exposures?

Question 47

List at least four major components found in blood and provide the major function of each.

Question 48

The composition of blood contains cells in a liquid known as what?

A) water
B) bile
C) leukocyte
D) plasma
E) erythrocytosis

Question 49

Blood contains ____________,which carries the nutrients and signaling molecules necessary for the proper functioning of the body.

A) leukocytes
B) erythrocytes
C) platelets
D) plasma
E) white blood cells

Question 50

One severe form of atherosclerosis is the formation of plaques typically found in which of the following blood vessels?

A) arteries
B) veins
C) capillaries
D) Both A and B
E) All of the above.

Question 51

Single cellular organisms can rely on diffusion to move gases,nutrients,and wastes across their single membrane.What feature of the cardiovascular system overcomes this problem for multicellular organisms?

A) The cardiovascular system contains many arteries that allow for the even distribution and diffusion of gases, nutrients, and wastes.
B) Diffusion does not occur in multicellular organisms, so the distance to the environment created by being multicellular does not matter.
C) The heart pumps gas and nutrients directly to cells through arteries and allows for the removal of wastes through venous return.
D) It has high-pressure veins that can force gases, nutrients, and wastes into any area that it is needed.
E) The capillary blood vessels are found throughout the body to allow for even distribution and diffusion of gases, nutrients, and wastes.

Question 52

How do veins prevent backflow of the low-pressure blood they carry?

A) The muscular contractions of the skeletal muscles in which the veins are found provide movement.
B) Valves located in the veins prevent backflow.
C) Capillaries allow blood to move in both directions so that backflow can be controlled.
D) Both A and B
E) All of the above are correct.

Question 53

Low-pressure vessels are referred to as what?

A)arteries
B)valves
C)atria
D)ventricles
E)veins

Question 54

Explain the difference between how LDL and HDL affect cholesterol.Which one of the two is disadvantageous to humans?

Question 55

Blood contains ____________,which are actually cell fragments.

A) leukocytes
B) erythrocytes
C) platelets
D) plasma
E) white blood cells

Question 56

The "blood" in mollusks is pumped in an open circulatory system.It is referred to as what?

A) leukocytes
B) erythrocytes
C) platelets
D) plasma
E) hemolymph

Question 57

What are considered normal blood pressure measurements and how are they expressed?

Question 58

Why do LDL and HDL have to accompany cholesterol in the blood?

Question 59

Explain how carbon dioxide moves into capillaries,and how oxygen moves into tissues.

Question 60

Which of the following allow red blood cells to flow through one cell at a time?

A)arteries
B)ventricles
C)aortas
D)atrium
E)capillaries

Question 61

A behavior or exposure that increases your chance of developing a specific disease or condition is called what?

A) plaques
B) statistics
C) significant finding
D) disease probability
E) risk factor

Question 62

Leading to atherosclerosis,there is a progression of blood vessel disease.Which of the following most accurately describes the progression of the disease?

A) fatty streak development, obstructive plaque formed, plaque development
B) plaque development, obstructive plaque formed, fatty streak development
C) obstructive plaque formed, plaque development, fatty streak development
D) plaque development, fatty streak development, obstructive plaque formed
E) fatty streak development, plaque development, obstructive plaque formed

Question 63

What chemical property did scientists and physicians utilize in order to identify the early signs of atherosclerosis in young people? What were they identifying?

Question 64

Heart disease claims so many lives because it is considered a silent killer.To what does "silent" refer,and what is the primary affected system in our body?

Question 65

How do the different components of blood provide the entry of reactants and export of products for tissue cellular respiration?

Question 66

Which of the following have a mixing of both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?

A) frog
B) fish
C) sea squirt
D) Both B and C
E) All of the above mix both forms of blood.

Question 67

What is the number one killer of men and women in the developed world?

A) cardiovascular disease
B) cancer
C) atherosclerosis
D) diabetes
E) malnutrition

Question 68

Cholesterol in the blood must be carried by LDL or HDL because of what property?

A) It is hydrophilic lipid.
B) It is a hydrophobic lipid.
C) It is a hydrophilic specialized protein.
D) It is a hydrophobic specialized protein.
E) Cholesterol is a lipid-protein complex that must bind LDL or HDL to be able to reside in blood.

Question 69

Describe how the shape of erythrocytes provides an ideal form for their function?

Question 70

What cultural differences and/or changes in our society can lead to an increase in BMI (body mass index)and a corresponding increase in cardiovascular disease?

A) There is a decrease in physical activity due to distractions such as TV.
B) Food portion sizes have increased, and so, there are a larger number of calories being eaten.
C) Diets high in cholesterol and saturated fats tend to concentrate in certain regional diets.
D) Limited physical activity tends to be concentrated in regions where the climate does not allow for outdoor exercise.
E) All of the above.

Question 71

Some foods raise the cholesterol in the blood associated with development of atherosclerosis (LDL).Which foods below would be good replacements so that HDL levels would be raised?

A) olive oil
B) red meats
C) butter
D) cheese
E) Specific food intake cannot alter LDL/HDL ratios.

Question 72

Blood contains ____________,which play a critical role in blood clotting.

A) leukocytes
B) erythrocytes
C) platelets
D) plasma
E) red blood cells

Question 73

Blood contains ____________,which carry oxygen throughout the body.

A) leukocytes
B) erythrocytes
C) platelets
D) plasma
E) white blood cells

Question 74

Which of the following describe atherosclerosis?

A) It is also referred to as a hardening of arteries.
B) It can begin early in life.
C) It begins as a fatty streak in arteries.
D) It often occurs in the coronary arteries or aorta.
E) All of the above describe atherosclerosis.

Question 75

A blood clot can break off and flow in the blood to the brain where it can block other vessels,leading to ______________.

A)diabetes
B)high body mass index
C)stroke
D)an obstruction
E)hypertension

Question 76

Heart attacks and strokes both are results of which of the following conditions?

A)atherosclerosis
B)plaque formation
C)obstructed blood flow
D)A and C only
E)A, B, and C are all conditions that lead to heart attacks and strokes.

Question 77

List at least two diseased states or conditions that can occur as a result of cardiovascular disease.

Question 78

Why was the clinical investigation of children and young adults so important in our understanding of cardiovascular disease?

A) The diseased condition begins years before any obvious symptoms begin.
B) Much of the research was focused on treatment rather than prevention of risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
C) Behavior and exposure as a youth can cause damage to the vascular system that will end in cardiovascular disease.
D) A, B, and C are reasons.
E) The NIH provided funding for this work because leading cardiologists knew studying early symptoms would lead to preventative measures.

Question 79

Considering the functions of the cardiovascular system,why is heart disease such a deadly condition?

Question 80

Why would immune cells be found in the blood?

A)Blood travels to all tissues of the body.
B)Blood contains a snapshot of the health of tissues and the body as a whole.
C)Blood is able to keep leukocytes away from select tissues.
D)Both A and B.
E)All of the above are reasons.