Deck 3: The Proccess of Writing Paragraphs

Question 1

Instructions: For each paragraph below, select the number of the topic sentence. Identify the topic sentence of the paragraph below.
(1) Volunteering doesn't just benefit those who receive help; it significantly improves the health and happiness of the volunteer, too. (2) According to several studies, elderly people who volunteer are less depressed and more physically healthy than elderly people who don't volunteer. (3) Plus, those same studies found that the volunteers lived longer. (4) However, it's not just senior citizens who benefit from volunteering. (5) The connection between volunteering and good health is so strong, as a matter of fact, that the Public Health Center at Harvard University created a media campaign to encourage new retirees to sign up to volunteer. (6) Child psychologists say that volunteer work helps adolescents and teenagers, too, by building their self-esteem and socialization skills.

A) Sentence 1
B) Sentence 2
C) Sentence 4

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Instructions: Study the body of each of the following paragraphs. Then, select the letter of the topic sentence that is most accurate. Select the best topic sentence for the paragraph.
A study conducted by George Washington University and the National Endowment for the Arts showed that senior citizens who sing in a choir are physically healthier than senior citizens who aren't involved in an arts program. Plus, the singers are less likely to suffer from depression and mental deterioration. Dr. Graham Welch of the University of Surrey, who has spent over thirty years researching the effects of singing, claims that singing requires breathing deeply, so it's good aerobic exercise for the lungs, abdominal muscles, and circulatory system. Physician Eric Roter, who reviews the connection between music and health on his web site ermusic.org , agrees. He says that when people sing, the body responds as though it was getting a physical workout. Plus, singing just makes people feel good. Research from Manchester University suggests that singing stimulates a small organ in the inner ear called the saccule, which produces pleasure. Also, endorphins released during singing relax the body and lift the singer's spirits.

A) Singing in a choir is a lot of fun.
B) Singing appears to benefit physical and mental health.
C) Music is a very important part of life.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Instructions: Each group of sentences below could be unscrambled and written as a paragraph. Read each group, and select the letter of the topic sentence for each. Select the topic sentence.

A) Muslims say a brief ritualistic prayer five times a day while facing the direction of Mecca, kneeling, and bowing their heads to the ground.
B) Jews pray three times a day and even more often on holy days.
C) Hindus sing or recite a prayer called the Gayatri mantra on a daily basis.
D) All of the world's major religions include some form of prayer.
E) Followers of the Christian faith usually pray during worship services, before meals, and before going to sleep at night.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Instructions: Check the following paragraph(s) for unity. Select the number of the sentence that does not belong in the paragraph. Identify the sentence that does not belong.
(1) Some very odd things have been sold on eBay, the online auction site. (2) One man recently sold his forehead for advertising space. (3) The winning bid was $37,000. (4) When pop singer Justin Bieber cut off his long, famous hair, the locks sold for over $40,668, and several sellers have offered buyers a chance to own singer Britney Spears's used chewing gum. (5) A cheese sandwich said to bear an image of the Virgin Mary went for $28,000. (6) A cinnamon bun that supposedly looked like Mother Teresa was stolen from a coffeehouse in Nashville, Tennessee. (7) One eBay shopper paid $4,550 for a vampire-killing kit, and another bought a serial killer's fingernails for $9.99. (8) "The meaning of life" sold for a mere $3.26, and another buyer got "Nothing! Absolutely Nothing!" for $1.03.

A) Sentence 4
B) Sentence 6
C) Sentence 7

Question 5

Instructions: Each group of sentences below could be unscrambled and written as a paragraph. Read each group, and select the letter of the topic sentence for each. Choose the topic sentence.

A) In about 25 percent of people, sunlight triggers sneezing because of a link between the eye's optic nerve and nerves associated with the sneeze response.
B) Light, or the lack of it, affects some people in interesting ways.
C) People who wear contact lenses or take certain medications are often more sensitive to sunlight.
D) During winter months, some people suffer from seasonal affective disorder, or feelings of depression due to reduced amounts of light.

Question 6

Instructions: For each group of sentences below, select the letter of the sentence that is limited enough to be the topic sentence of a good paragraph. Select the good topic sentence.

A) This paragraph will be about the Internet.
B) Psychology is a very interesting topic to explore.
C) The federal minimum wage should be increased to at least $9.00 per hour.

Question 7

Instructions: For each paragraph below, select the number of the topic sentence. Identify the topic sentence of the paragraph below.
(1) Statistics show that the average American generates about 4 pounds of trash every day. (2) When you multiply that by the number of people living in the United States, you realize we throw away about 210 million tons of stuff each year. (3) That's a lot of trash. (4) However, we can all combat this problem by taking three steps: "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle." (5) Reduce refers to lessening the amount of trash you generate. Buy only the amount you need. (6) Persuade manufacturers to reduce the amount of packaging they use. (7) Mow your lawn with a mulching mower and leave the clippings on the grass. (8) Reuse means finding other locations for items besides the garbage can. (9) Figure out other ways you can use things like cans or plastic bags. (10) Share unused portions with neighbors or charities. (11) Donate unwanted items to others rather than throwing them away. (12) If you can't reuse, recycle . (13) The recycling process can be applied to glass, paper, plastics, steel, and cardboard, which can be made into useful products rather than thrown into an overflowing landfill.

A) Sentence 1
B) Sentence 4
C) Sentence 13

Question 8

Instructions: For each paragraph, select the number of the topic sentence. Identify the topic sentence of the paragraph below.
(1) Playing video games may give doctors an advantage in the operating room, helping them save lives. (2) A 2004 study at New York's Beth Israel Medical Center tested thirty-three doctors on video game tasks that measured their motor skills, reaction time, and hand-eye coordination. (3) These are the same skills that are essential to performing laparoscopic surgery, which involves using a joystick to maneuver a tiny video camera inserted into a patient's body. (4) Researchers found that doctors who used to play video games for more than three hours a week were 37 percent less likely than nongamers to make mistakes. (5) They also finished procedures 27 percent faster than nongamers.

A) Sentence 1
B) Sentence 2
C) Sentence 3

Question 9

Instructions: For each paragraph, select the number of the topic sentence. Identify the topic sentence of the paragraph below.
(1) A well-written resume is a critical component for a successful job search. (2) To write a resume that gets results, always include action verbs that clearly reveal your skills and abilities. (3) Specific action verbs help potential employers understand how your experiences match their needs, so these action words should always begin your descriptions of duties you performed at previous jobs. (4) As you are listing these duties, use verbs such as analyzed, calculated, delivered, wrote, monitored, and purchased to describe the actions you have performed in the past. (5) In addition, make sure that, as much as possible, the verbs in your resume match the employer's description of the position. (6) If the position description states that good organizational skills are required, make sure to use the verb organized to describe at least one duty that you've performed in past jobs. If the position description asks for a supervisor, and you have supervisory experience, use the word supervised to describe one of your previous responsibilities.

A) Sentence 1
B) Sentence 2
C) Sentence 3

Question 10

Instructions: Study the body of each of the following paragraphs. Then, select the letter of the topic sentence that is most accurate. Select the best topic sentence for the paragraph.
For example, a substance in chocolate is a cardiac stimulant that can increase a dog's heart rate and cause it to beat irregularly. Dogs that eat large quantities of chocolate may even die. Onions and garlic, too, contain an ingredient that is toxic to dogs. Onion poisoning causes the dog's red blood cells to burst while they circulate in its body. Vomiting and diarrhea will be followed by breathlessness as the dog's blood loses its ability to carry oxygen. Another toxic food is macadamia nuts, which can cause muscle weakness and pain in a dog's limbs. Other potential hazards for dogs include broccoli, raisins, grapes, potato peelings, and yeast dough.

A) Several common foods are actually quite poisonous.
B) Certain foods are toxic to dogs.
C) Pets have serious reactions to people foods.

Question 11

Instructions: For each group of sentences below, select the letter of the sentence that is limited enough to be the topic sentence of a good paragraph. Select the good topic sentence.

A) Body language can often reveal whether someone is lying.
B) In this paragraph, I will discuss the topic of teenage pregnancy.
C) Illiteracy is something we should all think about.

Question 12

Instructions: For each group of sentences below, select the letter of the sentence that is limited enough to be the topic sentence of a good paragraph. Select the good topic sentence.

A) This paragraph will be about teenage pregnancy.
B) People who want to lose weight should seriously consider joining a gym.
C) I want to write about television.

Question 13

Instructions: Check the following paragraph(s) for unity. Select the number of the sentence that does not belong in the paragraph. Identify the sentence that does not belong.
(1) Bottled water is not necessarily any purer or healthier than the water you can get from your sink. (2) In fact, in many cities and towns, the testing requirements for tap water are much stricter than those for bottled water, and the bottled water may actually contain contaminants that the tap water is not allowed to have. (3) Plus, bottled water usually lacks fluoride, an important mineral that is added to tap water. (4) Another reason to drink tap water is the waste generated by consumption of bottled water. (5) While all of those empty plastic bottles can be recycled, most people just toss them into the trash, and they end up in landfills already overflowing with garbage. (6) Recycling glass, newspaper, and aluminum will also help to minimize America's waste problem. (7) Finally, bottled water costs a lot more than tap water. (8) In fact, it's often about 300 times more expensive.

A) Sentence 3
B) Sentence 6
C) Sentence 7

Question 14

Instructions: Study the body of each of the following paragraphs. Then, select the letter of the topic sentence that is most accurate. Select the best topic sentence for the paragraph.
It dates back to ancient Egypt, when players tried to knock down pins by rolling a ball made of stone or wood at them. One historian claims that Germans were playing the game by 300 A.D. By the Middle Ages, bowling had become so popular that in 1366, England's King Edward III banned the sport because it was distracting his soldiers from archery practice. English, Dutch, and German settlers all imported different variations of the game when they immigrated to America. Today, almost 70 million Americans go bowling every year, making it the most popular participatory sport in the United States.

A) Bowling has long been a popular game all over the world.
B) Bowling is a lot of fun.
C) Bowling balls have changed a lot over the years.

Question 15

Instructions: Check the following paragraphs for unity. Select the number of the sentence that does not belong in the paragraph. Identify the sentence that does not belong.
(1) Many cities have adopted or toughened their laws that protect trees because trees benefit cities and their inhabitants in several ways. (2) They clean air by filtering out carbon monoxide, ozone, and other pollutants and then producing oxygen. (3) They also prevent rain from washing oil, vehicle coolant fluid, pesticides, and other chemicals into rivers and lakes. (4) Therefore, they reduce the need for cities to install huge, multibillion-dollar storm-water systems to handle the runoff that occurs in areas with fewer trees. (5) Trees also provide cooling shade, thus reducing the need for air conditioning in homes and businesses. (6) If it weren't for air conditioning, many cities in Florida, such as Miami and Orlando, would never have grown so large. (7) Because trees save money on energy costs, many cities encourage their residents to protect the trees surrounding their homes and businesses.

A) Sentence 4
B) Sentence 5
C) Sentence 6

Question 16

Instructions: For each group of sentences below, select the letter of the sentence that is limited enough to be the topic sentence of a good paragraph. Select the good topic sentence.

A) This paper will be about college.
B) Pollution is a really big problem in the world today.
C) Loud noise may be harmful to our physical health.

Question 17

Instructions: Study the body of each of the following paragraphs. Then, select the letter of the topic sentence that is most accurate. Select the best topic sentence for the paragraph.
One parent in Oklahoma, fed up with her daughter's poor grades and chronic tardiness, forced her daughter to stand at a busy intersection and hold a sign that read "I don't do my homework and I act up in school. My parents are preparing me for my future. Will work for food." After her son was suspended from school for the seventh time, a Kansas City mom required her son to wear a sandwich board declaring that he was the class clown and pace for hours outside her workplace. In California, two parents were charged with abuse after they sent their son to school with dog excrement in his backpack to punish him for failing to clean up after his pet.

A) Some frustrated parents are using public punishments to try to correct their children for bad behavior.
B) When it comes to punishing kids for undesirable behaviors, some discipline techniques work better than others.
C) Public punishments are cruel and abusive.

Question 18

Instructions: Each group of sentences below could be unscrambled and written as a paragraph. Read each group, and select the letter of the topic sentence for each. Choose the topic sentence.

A) Most important, office e-mail is not private, so never disclose information that you wouldn't want your boss or co-workers to see.
B) To avoid information overload, send e-mails only to those who must see them.
C) All employees who use e-mail at work should follow certain professional guidelines.
D) The subject line should be business-like, not casual: "PowerPoint Training," not "Yo, Boris!"

Question 19

Instructions: Each group of sentences below could be unscrambled and written as a paragraph. Read each group, and select the letter of the topic sentence for each. Select the topic sentence.

A) Using marijuana can cause problems with concentration, memory, thinking, and problem-solving.
B) Particularly for young people, marijuana can lead to increased anxiety, panic attacks, depression, and other mental health problems.
C) Smoking marijuana contributes to auto crashes that injure or kill.
D) Marijuana use harms people in a number of different ways.
E) Long-term use of marijuana can lead to respiratory and cardiac diseases, as well as cancer.

Question 20

Instructions: Check the following paragraphs for unity. Select the number of the sentence that does not belong in the paragraph. Identify the sentence that does not belong.
(1) In nineteenth-century America, chocolate was a rare, expensive treat. (2) It was Milton Hershey, founder of Hershey Foods, who made chocolate affordable and widely available. (3) He had built a successful caramel-making company before chocolate-making first fascinated him in 1893. (4) For years, he worked at perfecting a recipe for making milk chocolate, a process which up until then had been the secret of Swiss chocolate makers. (5) Hershey experimented with different combinations of milk, sugar, and cocoa until he found the right one. (6) Then, using mass-production techniques, he was able to make and sell large quantities of individually wrapped, affordably priced chocolate. (7) For decades after Hershey began manufacturing his Hershey bars in 1904, the candy cost only a nickel. (8) In the early 1900s, a nickel also bought a ride on the New York subway.

A) Sentence 6
B) Sentence 7
C) Sentence 8

Question 21

Instructions: Select the letter of the correct answer for each of the following questions. From the group below, select the letter of the sentence that is limited enough to be the topic sentence of a good paragraph.

A) This paragraph will be about helping homeless people.
B) Listening to music can help relieve stress.
C) Binge drinking on college campuses is an important topic to consider.

Question 22

Instructions: Select the letter of the correct answer for each of the following questions. Select the number of the topic sentence in the paragraph below.
(1) Within 20 minutes of quitting smoking, an ex-smoker's blood pressure and pulse rate return to normal. (2) Within eight hours, oxygen levels in the blood increase, and carbon monoxide levels decrease. (3) Forty-eight hours after quitting, the ex-smoker's senses of smell and taste return to normal. (4) By three months after quitting, the ex-smoker's circulation will have improved, and his or her lung function will have increased by as much as 30 percent. (5) A year after quitting, the ex-smoker's risk for heart disease is slashed by half. (6) The risk for lung cancer is cut in half within five years of quitting. (7) It's clear that the longer an ex-smoker goes without cigarettes, the healthier he or she becomes.

A) Sentence 1
B) Sentence 2
C) Sentence 7

Question 23

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the questions.
(1) Although separated by many years in age, Carolyn's father and her son are remarkably similar. (2) A gray-haired elderly gentleman, Carolyn's father always carefully selects his clothing before he steps into the public view. (3) His greatest treat is to browse through encyclopedias, dictionaries, and almanacs to absorb scraps of knowledge, minute facts, and out-of-the-way statistics. (4) At dinner, he enjoys surprising his family with the annual rainfall of Australia or the average length of the tiger shark. (5) Billy, Carolyn's seven-year-old, also carefully surveys his clothing each morning to see what would best suit his mood. (6) He too loves to read, but he confines himself to children's books on exotic lands. (7) Just like his grandfather, at mealtime he parades his store of odd facts before the family, relishing the surprised looks on their faces. (8) Maybe the old saying should be "Like grandfather, like grandson."
Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentence(s)?

A) (5)
B) (5), (6), (7)
C) (5), (7)

Question 24

Instructions: Select the letter of the correct answer for each of the following questions. The group of sentences below can be unscrambled and written as a paragraph. Select the letter of the topic sentence in this group of sentences.

A) Roaches can hold their breath for more than 30 minutes.
B) A roach can live for a week without its head.
C) A roach can withstand radiation equivalent to that generated by a nuclear explosion.
D) Roaches are very tough, hardy creatures.

Question 25

Instructions: Select the letter of the correct answer for each of the following questions. From the group below, select the sentence that is limited enough to be the topic sentence of a good paragraph.

A) I want to write about my career choice.
B) Working as a waitress taught me some valuable skills.
C) World hunger is something to think about.

Question 26

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) The bedroom had been carefully put in order. (2) The two French windows to the left of the door sparkled with the sunlight reflected onto their clean glass panes. (3) Beneath each window was a carved honey-colored bookcase about three feet high and four feet wide. (4) Both bookcases contained neat rows of leather-bound books. (5) Flush against the back wall stood a magnificent canopy bed covered with an eyelet comforter. (6) Several eyelet-covered pillows were plumped at the head of the bed. (7) Against the right wall was a carved writing table on which lay a neat stack of writing paper and a gold pen.
Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) narration
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) comparison/contrast
G) classification
H) persuasion

Question 27

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) New Jersey businessman Barry Halper owned the world's largest collection of baseball memorabilia. (2) Three packed rooms in his basement held countless baseball-related objects priceless to any lover of the game. (3) He owned, for instance, at least 1 million baseball cards, all in complete sets. (4) Nine hundred players' uniforms on a dry cleaner's conveyor belt hummed through a huge closet in Halper's basement. (5) Another prized example of Halper's passion was a life-size wax statue of Babe Ruth purchased from Madame Tussaud's famous wax museum in London. (6) Halper displayed a huge leather chair shaped like a baseball mitt, 3,000 autographed balls, a baseball pinball machine made in the 1930s, posters, bats, masks, trophies. (7) In 1998, he sold his collection; Major League Baseball bought many of Halper's treasures and donated them to the Baseball Hall of Fame.
Choose the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) narration
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) persuasion
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 28

Instructions: Select the letter of the correct answer for each of the following questions. Check the following paragraph for unity. Then, select the number of the sentence that does not belong in the paragraph.
(1) The first batch of one of the world's most popular soft drinks was mixed in a backyard kettle over a hundred years ago. (2) On May 6, 1886, Dr. John Styth Pemberton heated a mixture of melted sugar, water, coca leaves, kola nuts, and other ingredients. (3) He planned to make one of the home-brewed medical syrups so popular at that time. (4) However, this one tasted so good that Dr. Pemberton decided to sell it as a soda fountain drink for five cents a glass. (5) The first glass of this new drink was sold at Jacob's Pharmacy in Atlanta, Georgia. (6) Atlanta was and still is a wonderful place to live. (7) Pemberton's tasty invention, Coca-Cola, caught on. (8) Today, Coca-Cola is consumed by 140,000 people every minute.

A) Sentence 2
B) Sentence 4
C) Sentence 6

Question 29

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the questions.
(1) Achieving the position of attention ⎯ a key position in all military movements ⎯ is not as simple as most people think. (2) To obtain this position, a person must first bring his or her heels together and in line, toes forming a forty-five-degree angle. (3) The person then rests his or her weight equally on the heels of both feet and straightens the legs without locking the knees. (4) Next, he or she stands erect, hips level, chest lifted and arched, shoulders square and even. (5) The head should be erect and square, eyes to the front, chin drawn in so that the head and neck are vertical. (6) Finally, the arms should be straightened with fingers curled so that the tips of the thumbs are touching the index fingers. (7) The thumb should rest along the seams of the pants. (8) Like everything else in military life, the position of attention has a format that must be followed. Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) narration
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) persuasion
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 30

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) New Jersey businessman Barry Halper owned the world's largest collection of baseball memorabilia. (2) Three packed rooms in his basement held countless baseball-related objects priceless to any lover of the game. (3) He owned, for instance, at least 1 million baseball cards, all in complete sets. (4) Nine hundred players' uniforms on a dry cleaner's conveyor belt hummed through a huge closet in Halper's basement. (5) Another prized example of Halper's passion was a life-size wax statue of Babe Ruth purchased from Madame Tussaud's famous wax museum in London. (6) Halper displayed a huge leather chair shaped like a baseball mitt, 3,000 autographed balls, a baseball pinball machine made in the 1930s, posters, bats, masks, trophies. (7) In 1998, he sold his collection; Major League Baseball bought many of Halper's treasures and donated them to the Baseball Hall of Fame.
Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (3), (5)
B) (1), (2), (5)
C) (4), (5)

Question 31

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the questions.
(1) Networks should not present children's shows that contain violence. (2) Children fed a constant diet of TV violence begin to believe that brutality is acceptable. (3) Seeing dogs, cats, and mice pushing each other off roofs and hitting each other with bricks in these shows, children are bound to assume that brutality is and should be a way of life. (4) Another reason for keeping violence out of children's shows is that young viewers may get the idea that violence is not really painful. (5) For example, my neighbor has told me that after a Saturday morning of violent cartoons, her son Paul tends to hit and bully his sister and then seems amazed when, unlike the smiling cartoon characters, she cries. (6) Most important, the consequences of letting our children watch these shows are frightening to imagine. (7) We may be raising a generation of adolescents and then adults so used to watching cruelty on television that they will not be moved to stop it when they see it in real life.
Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (3), (4), (5)
B) (4), (5), (6)
C) (5), (6)

Question 32

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) The chronograph is a watch that measures time in different ways. (2) Its dial has two, three, or even four smaller subdials for this purpose. (3) A dial at the 9 o'clock mark might measure continuous seconds; one at six o'clock might count total hours up to twelve. (4) Specific features like these are useful to people who must measure time with great accuracy. (5) The stopwatch dial, for example, is useful to athletes who must time and assess their performance. (6) Another possible feature, the tachometer, can be used by race-car drivers to measure the speed of Formula One racers. (7) The chronograph's radium dial with luminous numbers and hands is helpful to military personnel conducting operations at night. (8) A waterproof version with rubber gasket rings can be used by divers who need to mark the tides. (9) Because of the chronograph's fancy, technical details, these timepieces project an active, competent, outdoor image.
Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) persuasion
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) comparison/contrast
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 33

Instructions: Select the letter of the correct answer for each of the following questions. Study the body of the following paragraph. Then, select the letter of the topic sentence that is most accurate.
When two people discuss complex or serious issues, they need to be able to explain themselves fully. An exchange of brief text messages forces them to limit their vocabulary and the length of their statements, so they are less likely to express their complete meaning to one another. In a conversation about an important matter, people also need to be able to convey their moods and emotions to each other. Communicating via text messages eliminates the nonverbal channels ⎯ facial expressions, tone of voice, and body language ⎯ that express feelings, so texting often inhibits emotional connection. If the conversation becomes an argument, the deficiencies of text messaging can not only prevent a resolution of the conflict but also make it worse.

A) Text messaging is not appropriate for engaging in serious discussions or arguments.
B) Texting can be a very effective, efficient way for people to communicate.
C) Text messaging has both advantages and disadvantages.

Question 34

Instructions: Select the letter of the correct answer for each of the following questions. Check the following paragraph for unity. Then select the number of the sentence that does not belong in the paragraph.
(1) At Paradise Produce, attractive displays of fruit and vegetables caught my eye. (2) On the left, oranges, lemons, and apples were stacked in neat pyramids. (3) In the center of the store, baskets of ripe peaches, plums, and raspberries were grouped in a kind of still life. (4) Many nutritionists believe that berries help prevent certain diseases. (5) On the right, the leafy green vegetables had been arranged according to intensity of color: dark green spinach, then romaine lettuce and parsley, next the lighter iceberg lettuce, and finally the nearly white Chinese cabbage. (6) On the wall above the greens hung braided ropes of garlic.

A) Sentence 2
B) Sentence 3
C) Sentence 4

Question 35

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the questions.
(1) Networks should not present children's shows that contain violence. (2) Children fed a constant diet of TV violence begin to believe that brutality is acceptable. (3) Seeing dogs, cats, and mice pushing each other off roofs and hitting each other with bricks in these shows, children are bound to assume that brutality is and should be a way of life. (4) Another reason for keeping violence out of children's shows is that young viewers may get the idea that violence is not really painful. (5) For example, my neighbor has told me that after a Saturday morning of violent cartoons, her son Paul tends to hit and bully his sister and then seems amazed when, unlike the smiling cartoon characters, she cries. (6) Most important, the consequences of letting our children watch these shows are frightening to imagine. (7) We may be raising a generation of adolescents and then adults so used to watching cruelty on television that they will not be moved to stop it when they see it in real life.
Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) narration
C) description
D) process
E) persuasion
F) comparison/contrast
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 36

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the questions.
(1) Achieving the position of attention ⎯ a key position in all military movements ⎯ is not as simple as most people think. (2) To obtain this position, a person must first bring his or her heels together and in line, toes forming a forty-five-degree angle. (3) The person then rests his or her weight equally on the heels of both feet and straightens the legs without locking the knees. (4) Next, he or she stands erect, hips level, chest lifted and arched, shoulders square and even. (5) The head should be erect and square, eyes to the front, chin drawn in so that the head and neck are vertical. (6) Finally, the arms should be straightened with fingers curled so that the tips of the thumbs are touching the index fingers. (7) The thumb should rest along the seams of the pants. (8) Like everything else in military life, the position of attention has a format that must be followed. Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (1), (4), (6)
B) (2), (3), (4), (6)
C) (2), (3), (5), (7)

Question 37

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the questions.
(1) Although separated by many years in age, Carolyn's father and her son are remarkably similar. (2) A gray-haired elderly gentleman, Carolyn's father always carefully selects his clothing before he steps into the public view. (3) His greatest treat is to browse through encyclopedias, dictionaries, and almanacs to absorb scraps of knowledge, minute facts, and out-of-the-way statistics. (4) At dinner, he enjoys surprising his family with the annual rainfall of Australia or the average length of the tiger shark. (5) Billy, Carolyn's seven-year-old, also carefully surveys his clothing each morning to see what would best suit his mood. (6) He too loves to read, but he confines himself to children's books on exotic lands. (7) Just like his grandfather, at mealtime he parades his store of odd facts before the family, relishing the surprised looks on their faces. (8) Maybe the old saying should be "Like grandfather, like grandson."
Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) narration
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) comparison/contrast
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 38

Instructions: Select the letter of the correct answer for each of the following questions. The group of sentences below could be unscrambled and written as a paragraph. Select the letter of the topic sentence in this group of sentences.

A) Some physicians use iPhones to show patients videos about their medical conditions and even procedures to be performed.
B) At New York's Museum of Modern Art, visitors can use their iPhones to get audio information about the art as they stroll the galleries.
C) Musicians can use the iPhone as a recorder or wind instrument by blowing into the microphone while touching "holes" on the screen to produce notes.
D) The iPhone, a hand-held device that functions as a phone, camera, Internet browser, and digital music player, is being used in many creative and innovative ways.

Question 39

Instructions: Select the letter of the correct answer for each of the following questions. Study the body of the following paragraph. Then, select the letter of the topic sentence that is most accurate.
From 1869 to 1875, as a poor child in Ohio, Annie Oakley paid off the family's mortgage by hunting and selling wild game. In her teens, she competed against Frank Butler, a famous marksman who came to town, and beat him by one point. European kings and queens loved to watch her perform, and she once shot a cigarette from the lips of the future Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany. Years later, Annie married Butler and joined Wild Bill's Wild West Show, where she was the star.

A) In the nineteenth century, wild west shows were a popular form of entertainment.
B) Annie Oakley was one of the best sharpshooters of all time.
C) Annie Oakley was very good at hunting.

Question 40

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) The bedroom had been carefully put in order. (2) The two French windows to the left of the door sparkled with the sunlight reflected onto their clean glass panes. (3) Beneath each window was a carved honey-colored bookcase about three feet high and four feet wide. (4) Both bookcases contained neat rows of leather-bound books. (5) Flush against the back wall stood a magnificent canopy bed covered with an eyelet comforter. (6) Several eyelet-covered pillows were plumped at the head of the bed. (7) Against the right wall was a carved writing table on which lay a neat stack of writing paper and a gold pen.
Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (2), (4), (5)
B) (2), (3), (5)
C) (2), (3), (5), (7)

Question 41

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Investors should be familiar with three common kinds of investments. (2) The first kind of investment is called a certificate of deposit, or CD. (3) It is the investment option with the least risk. (4) A CD loans your money to your bank for a specific period of time, during which your money collects interest. (5) The second type of investment is a bond, a slightly less conservative way to invest money. (6) With a bond, you invest your money in a business or in the government, which treats your investment as a loan. (7) The third, and riskiest, type of investment of all is in stock. (8) If you buy stock in a company, it means that you own a part of that company, however small. (9) Your fortune will rise and fall with the profits and failures of the company. (10) Each investment option has advantages and disadvantages. (11) It is best to research all options before making your choice.
Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentence(s)?

A) (2), (5), (7)
B) (1), (4)
C) (3)

Question 42

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Why is money such a problem issue for couples? (2) Psychologists and others have identified several causes. (3) One cause of financial tension is that people who overspend tend to marry people who hoard their money. (4) The hoarders feel happy and in control when they are not spending, whereas the overspenders feel happy and in control when they are spending. (5) Another reason is that most couples have more difficulty communicating about money than about any other subject. (6) Although they may talk to each other about everything else under the sun, they can't seem to communicate about money or how they feel about it. (7) A third cause of trouble involves gender differences, including differences in how men and women see the world and operate in it. (8) Some of these differences may go back to the early roles of men as hunters and women as food gatherers. (9) Rob Becker, in his theater piece, Defending the Caveman , describes men going out to buy a shirt, wearing it until it dies, and then going out to kill another shirt ⎯ while women, the gatherers, shop early and accumulate items for later giving. (10) Even though this picture may strike us as funny and we know people who are exceptions to all the generalizations, money issues continue to plague our relationships.
Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) persuasion
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) comparison/contrast
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 43

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Christopher Reeve's story includes an extraordinary twist of fate. (2) This star played Superman, the fictional hero who inspired fans with his ability to overcome obstacles and save others from harm. (3) How ironic that in 1995, this Hollywood heartthrob was paralyzed from the neck down in a horse-jumping accident and came to personify that superhuman perseverance himself. (4) Before his accident, Reeve was not only a famous actor but a pianist, an athlete who performed his own film stunts, a pilot, and all-round outdoorsman. (5) After being injured, he depended on a ventilator to breathe and operated his wheelchair by sipping or puffing on a straw. (6) However, this brave man went on to direct and narrate award-winning films, write the best-selling autobiography Still Me , and inspire thousands of people through speeches and interviews. (7) He also raised millions of dollars for research on spinal cord injuries. (8) By the time he died in 2004, Christopher Reeve had become a hero of a different kind; his heroism depended not on physical strength but on courage, optimism, and a sense of purpose.
Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (1), (3), (5)
B) (3), (5), (8)
C) (3), (4), (5)

Question 44

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Recent research shows that laughter improves health through its positive effects on stress hormones and boosting the immune system. (2) Studies by Dr. Lee Berk and Dr. Stanley Tan of Loma Linda University in California show that belly laughter reduces at least four hormones associated with high levels of stress. (3) Another beneficial effect of laughter, according to these researchers, is an increase in the body's natural ability to kill diseased cells. (4) Laughter seems to reduce pain, too. (5) The Journal of Holistic Nursing reported that patients who were told jokes or watched comic videos after surgery perceived less pain than those who did not get a dose of humor. (6) Consequently, experts recommend taking time to laugh each day, especially during stressful times like finals week.
Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (3), (6)
B) (2), (5)
C) (4), (5)

Question 45

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Judges can be divided, on the basis of their written opinions, into three categories: conservative, liberal, and centrist. (2) Although all judges respect the law, conservative judges have an especially strong belief in the importance of the law and the history surrounding it. (3) They believe that real justice comes only from strictly applying the law to the facts of a case, whether or not the outcome seems fair to an individual. (4) On the other hand, liberal judges look beyond a rigid reading to the "spirit of the law" in their search for real justice in a case. (5) They might broadly interpret the law in order to champion individual rights. (6) The outcome of the case matters more to them than the letter of the law. (7) Finally, centrist judges walk the middle ground between conservative and liberal. (8) They do not apply the law as rigidly as conservative judges, yet they are not as willing as liberal judges to apply the law loosely. (9) Having different types of judges helps balance our legal system; their differing views help protect both the law and individual rights.
Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (4), (7)
B) (1), (3), (5)
C) (8), (9)

Question 46

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Food critics always aim for anonymity so that restaurant owners will not recognize them. (2) A case in point is Ruth Reichl. (3) Reichl was food critic for The New York Times for many years. (4) Everyone from bartenders at the Ritz to small bistro owners came to recognize her face and gave her preferential treatment to get their restaurants a good review. (5) To avoid recognition, Reichl used twelve different disguises in order to be treated like an anonymous customer. (6) Sometimes she would manicure her nails, wear makeup, and dress in a black suit for a sophisticated look. (7) At other times she would wear a gray wig and a housedress to have an older, more modest look. (8) Reichl went to great lengths to disguise herself to avoid preferential treatment.
Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentence(s)?

A) (2)
B) (1), (4), (6)
C) (3), (5), (9)

Question 47

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Christopher Reeve's story includes an extraordinary twist of fate. (2) This star played Superman, the fictional hero who inspired fans with his ability to overcome obstacles and save others from harm. (3) How ironic that in 1995, this Hollywood heartthrob was paralyzed from the neck down in a horse-jumping accident and came to personify that superhuman perseverance himself. (4) Before his accident, Reeve was not only a famous actor but a pianist, an athlete who performed his own film stunts, a pilot, and all-round outdoorsman. (5) After being injured, he depended on a ventilator to breathe and operated his wheelchair by sipping or puffing on a straw. (6) However, this brave man went on to direct and narrate award-winning films, write the best-selling autobiography Still Me , and inspire thousands of people through speeches and interviews. (7) He also raised millions of dollars for research on spinal cord injuries. (8) By the time he died in 2004, Christopher Reeve had become a hero of a different kind; his heroism depended not on physical strength but on courage, optimism, and a sense of purpose.
Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) narration
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) comparison/contrast
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 48

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Do you have a flat bicycle tire? (2) If so, then follow these easy steps and you'll be on your way in no time. (3) First, remove the flat tire from its frame. (4) Make sure all the air is out of the tire. (5) Next, separate the tire from its rim. (6) Carefully remove the tube from inside the tire. (7) Once the tube is removed, patch it or start with a new tube. (8) Then inspect the inside of the rim for thorns, sticks, pebbles, or anything else that might cause a puncture. (9) Now you're ready to insert the tire back inside the rim. (10) After pushing the tire back into the rim, make sure the tube is completely inside the tire. (11) Inflate the new or patched tire. (12) After you check for bulges or irregularities in the tire, it should be ready for use.
Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) narration
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) comparison/contrast
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 49

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Music aficionados will always argue over compact discs and records. (2) LPs, or long playing records, have been around since the invention of the phonograph. (3) Many jazz fans say that LP records give jazz and blues music a certain character. (4) They refer to the authentic pops and scratches audible even on a good recording after several plays. (5) Classical music fans, however, stand by compact discs as the best way to listen to recorded music. (6) Though LPs capture the pops and scratches, CDs capture both the highs of virtuoso violins and the lows of tubas with a clarity that LPs cannot replicate. (7) Although record companies produce fewer and fewer LPs each year, they will always have die-hard fans who will stand by vinyl.
Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentence(s)?

A) (5), (6), (7)
B) (1), (4), (3)
C) (3)

Question 50

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Judges can be divided, on the basis of their written opinions, into three categories: conservative, liberal, and centrist. (2) Although all judges respect the law, conservative judges have an especially strong belief in the importance of the law and the history surrounding it. (3) They believe that real justice comes only from strictly applying the law to the facts of a case, whether or not the outcome seems fair to an individual. (4) On the other hand, liberal judges look beyond a rigid reading to the "spirit of the law" in their search for real justice in a case. (5) They might broadly interpret the law in order to champion individual rights. (6) The outcome of the case matters more to them than the letter of the law. (7) Finally, centrist judges walk the middle ground between conservative and liberal. (8) They do not apply the law as rigidly as conservative judges, yet they are not as willing as liberal judges to apply the law loosely. (9) Having different types of judges helps balance our legal system; their differing views help protect both the law and individual rights.
Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) persuasion
B) narration
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) comparison/contrast
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 51

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Investors should be familiar with three common kinds of investments. (2) The first kind of investment is called a certificate of deposit, or CD. (3) It is the investment option with the least risk. (4) A CD loans your money to your bank for a specific period of time, during which your money collects interest. (5) The second type of investment is a bond, a slightly less conservative way to invest money. (6) With a bond, you invest your money in a business or in the government, which treats your investment as a loan. (7) The third, and riskiest, type of investment of all is in stock. (8) If you buy stock in a company, it means that you own a part of that company, however small. (9) Your fortune will rise and fall with the profits and failures of the company. (10) Each investment option has advantages and disadvantages. (11) It is best to research all options before making your choice.
Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) narration
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) comparison/contrast
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 52

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Reality television shows are inspiring viewers to explore and adopt new hobbies. (2) For example, the fashion design show Project Runway has sparked new interest in sewing. (3) Enrollment in sewing classes and sales of sewing machines have both increased significantly since the show began in 2004. (4) Another example is the Dancing with the Stars shows, which feature celebrities performing routines with ballroom dance professionals. (5) This series has led to a resurgence of interest in dances like the tango, the waltz, and the cha cha, with dance studios all over America reporting a spike in enrollment since this show started in 2005. (6) Reality TV shows like Antiques Roadshow, American Pickers, and Pawn Stars have spawned new interest in antiques and collectibles.
Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) narration
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) persuasion
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 53

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Why is money such a problem issue for couples? (2) Psychologists and others have identified several causes. (3) One cause of financial tension is that people who overspend tend to marry people who hoard their money. (4) The hoarders feel happy and in control when they are not spending, whereas the overspenders feel happy and in control when they are spending. (5) Another reason is that most couples have more difficulty communicating about money than about any other subject. (6) Although they may talk to each other about everything else under the sun, they can't seem to communicate about money or how they feel about it. (7) A third cause of trouble involves gender differences, including differences in how men and women see the world and operate in it. (8) Some of these differences may go back to the early roles of men as hunters and women as food gatherers. (9) Rob Becker, in his theater piece, Defending the Caveman , describes men going out to buy a shirt, wearing it until it dies, and then going out to kill another shirt ⎯ while women, the gatherers, shop early and accumulate items for later giving. (10) Even though this picture may strike us as funny and we know people who are exceptions to all the generalizations, money issues continue to plague our relationships.
Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (2), (3), (5)
B) (2), (10)
C) (3), (5), (7)

Question 54

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) I hadn't seen my childhood bedroom in the two years since I had left for France. (2) My parents kept everything in place, as if I had never left. (3) An enormous poster of Michael Jordan was still tacked to the front of the door. (4) On the wall were markings of my height, from age three to eighteen. (5) In the bookcase next to my bed stood all the science fiction novels and copies of Sports Illustrated that I had read in middle and high school. (6) Above the bed, a model airplane hung, suspended by thin wires. (7) I lay on the bed, now too small for me, and watched the model airplane move gently in the breeze.
Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) narration
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) persuasion
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 55

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Recent research shows that laughter improves health through its positive effects on stress hormones and boosting the immune system. (2) Studies by Dr. Lee Berk and Dr. Stanley Tan of Loma Linda University in California show that belly laughter reduces at least four hormones associated with high levels of stress. (3) Another beneficial effect of laughter, according to these researchers, is an increase in the body's natural ability to kill diseased cells. (4) Laughter seems to reduce pain, too. (5) The Journal of Holistic Nursing reported that patients who were told jokes or watched comic videos after surgery perceived less pain than those who did not get a dose of humor. (6) Consequently, experts recommend taking time to laugh each day, especially during stressful times like finals week.
Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) narration
C) description
D) persuasion
E) definition
F) comparison/contrast
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 56

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Food critics always aim for anonymity so that restaurant owners will not recognize them. (2) A case in point is Ruth Reichl. (3) Reichl was food critic for The New York Times for many years. (4) Everyone from bartenders at the Ritz to small bistro owners came to recognize her face and gave her preferential treatment to get their restaurants a good review. (5) To avoid recognition, Reichl used twelve different disguises in order to be treated like an anonymous customer. (6) Sometimes she would manicure her nails, wear makeup, and dress in a black suit for a sophisticated look. (7) At other times she would wear a gray wig and a housedress to have an older, more modest look. (8) Reichl went to great lengths to disguise herself to avoid preferential treatment.
Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) narration
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) persuasion
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 57

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Music aficionados will always argue over compact discs and records. (2) LPs, or long playing records, have been around since the invention of the phonograph. (3) Many jazz fans say that LP records give jazz and blues music a certain character. (4) They refer to the authentic pops and scratches audible even on a good recording after several plays. (5) Classical music fans, however, stand by compact discs as the best way to listen to recorded music. (6) Though LPs capture the pops and scratches, CDs capture both the highs of virtuoso violins and the lows of tubas with a clarity that LPs cannot replicate. (7) Although record companies produce fewer and fewer LPs each year, they will always have die-hard fans who will stand by vinyl.
Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) persuasion
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) comparison/contrast
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 58

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) I hadn't seen my childhood bedroom in the two years since I had left for France. (2) My parents kept everything in place, as if I had never left. (3) An enormous poster of Michael Jordan was still tacked to the front of the door. (4) On the wall were markings of my height, from age three to eighteen. (5) In the bookcase next to my bed stood all the science fiction novels and copies of Sports Illustrated that I had read in middle and high school. (6) Above the bed, a model airplane hung, suspended by thin wires. (7) I lay on the bed, now too small for me, and watched the model airplane move gently in the breeze.
Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (1), (3)
B) (3), (4), (5), (6)
C) (2), (7)

Question 59

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) The chronograph is a watch that measures time in different ways. (2) Its dial has two, three, or even four smaller subdials for this purpose. (3) A dial at the 9 o'clock mark might measure continuous seconds; one at six o'clock might count total hours up to twelve. (4) Specific features like these are useful to people who must measure time with great accuracy. (5) The stopwatch dial, for example, is useful to athletes who must time and assess their performance. (6) Another possible feature, the tachometer, can be used by race-car drivers to measure the speed of Formula One racers. (7) The chronograph's radium dial with luminous numbers and hands is helpful to military personnel conducting operations at night. (8) A waterproof version with rubber gasket rings can be used by divers who need to mark the tides. (9) Because of the chronograph's fancy, technical details, these timepieces project an active, competent, outdoor image.
Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (3), (4)
B) (5), (6)
C) (2), (7), (8)

Question 60

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Reality television shows are inspiring viewers to explore and adopt new hobbies. (2) For example, the fashion design show Project Runway has sparked new interest in sewing. (3) Enrollment in sewing classes and sales of sewing machines have both increased significantly since the show began in 2004. (4) Another example is the Dancing with the Stars shows, which feature celebrities performing routines with ballroom dance professionals. (5) This series has led to a resurgence of interest in dances like the tango, the waltz, and the cha cha, with dance studios all over America reporting a spike in enrollment since this show started in 2005. (6) Reality TV shows like Antiques Roadshow, American Pickers, and Pawn Stars have spawned new interest in antiques and collectibles.
Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (2), (5), (6)
B) (3), (4)
C) (2), (4)

Question 61

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) For two long days, Davisville's residents lived through the consequences of a power outage. (2) The most dramatic effect of the blackout was that people could not use their refrigerators, fans, or air conditioners although these were the two hottest days of the year. (3) Most residents tried to keep cool as best they could. (4) Lights were out, of course, so the local grocery store quickly sold its entire stock of candles and flashlights. (5) Couples and families could be seen trying to read by natural light until darkness fell. (6) Businesses were affected, too. (7) Small stores in the center of town used gas-fueled power generators to keep their produce cool and well-lit for customers. (8) Workers used to the conveniences of fax machines and computers had to bide time, making calls to clients to explain the situation. (9) The happiest consequence for some children was that they got to spend more hours at the town swimming pool, but when the power went back on Thursday morning, most people were eager to resume their daily activities.
Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) persuasion
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) comparison/contrast
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 62

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Employers should take aggressive steps to end age discrimination at the workplace. (2) According to the AARP, one-third of older American voters say that they or someone they know has experienced some form of age discrimination. (3) This problem is a serious one, as workers fifty-five and older are the fastest-growing segment of the workforce. (4) Age discrimination is on the rise in these difficult economic times. (5) Workers who are laid off at age fifty-five or sixty find it difficult to find work. (6) The same is true for men and women who retire early, whether by choice or due to a corporate buyout. (7) Some employers say that older workers will take more time to learn things and will be less willing to work long hours. (8) However, that is a narrow-minded view. (9) Older workers can bring wisdom and expertise to the work environment. (10) In addition, they can prove to be excellent teachers to younger employees who need help. (11) Therefore, employers must treat every worker and job applicant with fairness and objectivity, regardless of age.
Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (3), (4)
B) (1), (6)
C) (2), (8), (10), (11)

Question 63

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Employers should take aggressive steps to end age discrimination at the workplace. (2) According to the AARP, one-third of older American voters say that they or someone they know has experienced some form of age discrimination. (3) This problem is a serious one, as workers fifty-five and older are the fastest-growing segment of the workforce. (4) Age discrimination is on the rise in these difficult economic times. (5) Workers who are laid off at age fifty-five or sixty find it difficult to find work. (6) The same is true for men and women who retire early, whether by choice or due to a corporate buyout. (7) Some employers say that older workers will take more time to learn things and will be less willing to work long hours. (8) However, that is a narrow-minded view. (9) Older workers can bring wisdom and expertise to the work environment. (10) In addition, they can prove to be excellent teachers to younger employees who need help. (11) Therefore, employers must treat every worker and job applicant with fairness and objectivity, regardless of age.
Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) narration
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) persuasion
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 64

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) For two long days, Davisville's residents lived through the consequences of a power outage. (2) The most dramatic effect of the blackout was that people could not use their refrigerators, fans, or air conditioners although these were the two hottest days of the year. (3) Most residents tried to keep cool as best they could. (4) Lights were out, of course, so the local grocery store quickly sold its entire stock of candles and flashlights. (5) Couples and families could be seen trying to read by natural light until darkness fell. (6) Businesses were affected, too. (7) Small stores in the center of town used gas-fueled power generators to keep their produce cool and well-lit for customers. (8) Workers used to the conveniences of fax machines and computers had to bide time, making calls to clients to explain the situation. (9) The happiest consequence for some children was that they got to spend more hours at the town swimming pool, but when the power went back on Thursday morning, most people were eager to resume their daily activities.
Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (3), (5)
B) (1), (4), (6)
C) (2), (9)

Question 65

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Do you have a flat bicycle tire? (2) If so, then follow these easy steps and you'll be on your way in no time. (3) First, remove the flat tire from its frame. (4) Make sure all the air is out of the tire. (5) Next, separate the tire from its rim. (6) Carefully remove the tube from inside the tire. (7) Once the tube is removed, patch it or start with a new tube. (8) Then inspect the inside of the rim for thorns, sticks, pebbles, or anything else that might cause a puncture. (9) Now you're ready to insert the tire back inside the rim. (10) After pushing the tire back into the rim, make sure the tube is completely inside the tire. (11) Inflate the new or patched tire. (12) After you check for bulges or irregularities in the tire, it should be ready for use.
Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (4), (6), (8), (11)
B) (3), (5), (7), (10), (12)
C) (1), (2)