Deck 42: Some Guidelines for Students of English as a Second Language.

Question 1

Instructions: Read the paragraph below and then answer the question(s) that follow by choosing the letter of the correct response.In most states, before you can even think about voting, you have to register to vote. You can register in person by going to your local board of elections office, state department of motor vehicles, or other office or agency (such as the post office) designated as an official voter registration location in your state. However, one of the fastest and easiest ways to register is to go to the website RegistertoVote.org and complete three easy steps. First, you click on your state of residence. You will be taken to a page that lists your state's voter eligibility requirements and identifies registration deadlines. Next, you fill out the online voter registration form and click the "Get Registration Form" button. Finally, you download your completed form and follow the instructions to sign it and submit it to the appropriate state or local office for processing. Within a few weeks, you will receive confirmation of your registration. This paragraph was written for an audience of

A) people who are not registered to vote.
B) people who have voted at least once.
C) people who are registered to vote but have never voted.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Instructions: Each group of sentences below could be organized into and written as a paragraph. In each group, select the letter of the topic sentence. Which sentence is the topic sentence?

A) The food served in our college cafeteria is low in nutrition.
B) The only drinks available are sugary cola drinks, notorious for their lack of nourishment.
C) The dessert case oozes with artificially colored and flavored cardboard.
D) The only hot foods are greasy French fries and oily franks.
E) Our sources report that the franks contain no beef at all, only "some animal parts."

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Instructions: Select the letter of the answer that correctly identifies each type of prewriting. The prewriting below is an example of Dec. 27. Today, I read in the newspaper that many states give written driver's license exams in several different languages, but nine states offer the test in English only, and other state legislatures have introduced bills to change to English only. So if you don't read English, you can't get a driver's license. I don't think that's fair. Some immigrants can speak enough English to get by but can't read it. They need a driver's license to be able to get to work, but they can't get one. This rule probably encourages people to drive without a license. Dec. 28. Tomorrow is my birthday. People have always asked me if it's a bummer having a birthday so close to Christmas, but I never minded. My mom and dad always made sure that I had a separate celebration. I admit, though, that in the past, one or two of my relatives have given me just one gift for both occasions!

A) focused freewriting.
B) brainstorming.
C) clustering.
D) asking questions.
E) keeping a journal.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Instructions: Select the letter of the answer that correctly identifies each type of prewriting. The prewriting below is an example of
A Good Day Care
 
Caring teachers who truly like children
Small class sizes
Private home or day-care center
Activities ¾ both educational and fun
Bright and cheerful, colorful, clean
Reasonable rates
Structure ¾ planned schedule
Parent/teacher communication
Safe

A) focused freewriting.
B) brainstorming.
C) clustering.
D) asking questions.
E) keeping a journal.

Question 5

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: In order to be a good cook, you have to be prepared in the kitchen. Have clean, sharpened knives in various sizes.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 6

Instructions: Each group of sentences below could be organized into and written as a paragraph. In each group, select the letter of the topic sentence. Which sentence is the topic sentence?

A) Ben buys T-bone steaks for his dog.
B) My neighbor Ben seems to like animals better than people.
C) He screams at neighborhood children.
D) He refuses to speak to adults.
E) He is always patient and loving with Alex, his pet pig.

Question 7

Instructions: Read the paragraph below and then answer the question(s) that follow by selecting the letter of the correct response.Many young people don't bother to register to vote, and those who do often don't show up at the polls on Election Day. But they should. Why? There are good reasons for every eligible young person to vote in every election. First of all, people ages eighteen to thirty should vote because many of the biggest issues affect the nation's youth. Wars in which young soldiers are dying, education funding, employment and job training programs, and reproductive rights are just a few of the issues that are affecting the lives of young people right now. Young people should help to select government representatives who share their views on these matters. When this country's youth don't vote, they don't have any influence on how these issues are decided, and they allow older people to decide how things will work. Plus, an individual who chooses not to vote really has no right to complain about government decisions he or she doesn't like. Being able to vote is a precious gift, one that no one should take for granted. Many people have fought and died so that all Americans would get and keep the right to participate in a democratic government. To honor their sacrifice, all of the young people in America should register, vote, and make themselves heard! This paragraph was written for an audience of

A) American voters.
B) young American voters.
C) young people who do not vote.

Question 8

Instructions: Read the paragraph below and then answer the question(s) that follow by selecting the letter of the correct response.Many young people don't bother to register to vote, and those who do often don't show up at the polls on Election Day. But they should. Why? There are good reasons for every eligible young person to vote in every election. First of all, people ages eighteen to thirty should vote because many of the biggest issues affect the nation's youth. Wars in which young soldiers are dying, education funding, employment and job training programs, and reproductive rights are just a few of the issues that are affecting the lives of young people right now. Young people should help to select government representatives who share their views on these matters. When this country's youth don't vote, they don't have any influence on how these issues are decided, and they allow older people to decide how things will work. Plus, an individual who chooses not to vote really has no right to complain about government decisions he or she doesn't like. Being able to vote is a precious gift, one that no one should take for granted. Many people have fought and died so that all Americans would get and keep the right to participate in a democratic government. To honor their sacrifice, all of the young people in America should register, vote, and make themselves heard! The subject of this paragraph is

A) voting.
B) American youth.
C) elections.

Question 9

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: In order to be a good cook, you have to be prepared in the kitchen. Keep your pantry stocked with ingredients you use all the time.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 10

Instructions: Each group of sentences below could be organized into and written as a paragraph. In each group, select the letter of the topic sentence. Which sentence is the topic sentence?

A) The long grass outside the cottage was heavy with drops of water.
B) The thunderstorm was over, but its effects were everywhere.
C) Puddles in the driveway reflected a thick gray sky.
D) The sea was still churning, throwing debris onto the beach.
E) Inside, books and papers were damp.
F) A scraggly dog with wet, matted hair trotted dismally down the beach.
G) The matches in the kitchen refused to light.

Question 11

Instructions: Select the letter of the answer that correctly identifies each type of prewriting. The prewriting below is an example of

A) focused freewriting.
B) brainstorming.
C) clustering.
D) asking questions.
E) keeping a journal.

Question 12

Instructions: Select the letter of the answer that correctly identifies each type of prewriting. The prewriting below is an example of
Amusement Parks
 
Who? Park visitors ¾ families, teenagers. Employees, performers, owners.
What? Rides, roller coasters, shows, characters, carnival games, shops, huge crowds, long lines, heat and humidity, expensive.
Where? Walt Disney World, Disneyland, Universal Studios, Six Flags, Busch Gardens, waterparks.
When? Summer and holidays, when kids are out of school.
Why? Fun, thrills, diversion.
How? Family vacations, day trips, some people save up for years, some buy annual passes, go again and again

A) focused freewriting.
B) brainstorming.
C) clustering.
D) asking questions.
E) keeping a journal.

Question 13

Instructions: Each group of sentences below could be organized into and written as a paragraph. In each group, select the letter of the topic sentence. Which sentence is the topic sentence?

A) The insect begins life as an egg.
B) The fully developed larva, or caterpillar, spins a cocoon and forms a pupa inside it.
C) There are four stages in the metamorphosis of certain insects.
D) Once hatched, the wormlike larva grows, shedding its skin several times.
E) At last the winged adult emerges, looking completely different from all its previous forms.

Question 14

Instructions: Read the paragraph below and then answer the question(s) that follow by choosing the letter of the correct response.In most states, before you can even think about voting, you have to register to vote. You can register in person by going to your local board of elections office, state department of motor vehicles, or other office or agency (such as the post office) designated as an official voter registration location in your state. However, one of the fastest and easiest ways to register is to go to the website RegistertoVote.org and complete three easy steps. First, you click on your state of residence. You will be taken to a page that lists your state's voter eligibility requirements and identifies registration deadlines. Next, you fill out the online voter registration form and click the "Get Registration Form" button. Finally, you download your completed form and follow the instructions to sign it and submit it to the appropriate state or local office for processing. Within a few weeks, you will receive confirmation of your registration. The subject of this paragraph is

A) voting.
B) registering to vote.
C) reasons why voting is important.

Question 15

Instructions: Select the letter of the correct answer for the following question. Select the letter of the answer that lists the steps of the writing process in the order that most writers follow as they compose.

A) Procrastinating, proofreading, spelling, writing
B) Writing, spell-checking, prewriting, reading
C) Prewriting, writing the first draft, revising, proofreading
D) Revising, writing the first draft, proofreading, organizing

Question 16

Instructions: Read the paragraph below and then answer the question(s) that follow by choosing the letter of the correct response.In most states, before you can even think about voting, you have to register to vote. You can register in person by going to your local board of elections office, state department of motor vehicles, or other office or agency (such as the post office) designated as an official voter registration location in your state. However, one of the fastest and easiest ways to register is to go to the website RegistertoVote.org and complete three easy steps. First, you click on your state of residence. You will be taken to a page that lists your state's voter eligibility requirements and identifies registration deadlines. Next, you fill out the online voter registration form and click the "Get Registration Form" button. Finally, you download your completed form and follow the instructions to sign it and submit it to the appropriate state or local office for processing. Within a few weeks, you will receive confirmation of your registration. The purpose of this paragraph is to

A) convince young people to register to vote.
B) persuade all Americans to vote in every election.
C) explain how to register to vote.

Question 17

Instructions: Read the paragraph below and then answer the question(s) that follow by selecting the letter of the correct response.Many young people don't bother to register to vote, and those who do often don't show up at the polls on Election Day. But they should. Why? There are good reasons for every eligible young person to vote in every election. First of all, people ages eighteen to thirty should vote because many of the biggest issues affect the nation's youth. Wars in which young soldiers are dying, education funding, employment and job training programs, and reproductive rights are just a few of the issues that are affecting the lives of young people right now. Young people should help to select government representatives who share their views on these matters. When this country's youth don't vote, they don't have any influence on how these issues are decided, and they allow older people to decide how things will work. Plus, an individual who chooses not to vote really has no right to complain about government decisions he or she doesn't like. Being able to vote is a precious gift, one that no one should take for granted. Many people have fought and died so that all Americans would get and keep the right to participate in a democratic government. To honor their sacrifice, all of the young people in America should register, vote, and make themselves heard! The purpose of this paragraph is to

A) explain to people how to register to vote.
B) persuade young people to vote.
C) convince readers that democracy is the best type of government.

Question 18

Instructions: Each group of sentences below could be organized into and written as a paragraph. In each group, select the letter of the topic sentence. Which sentence is the topic sentence?

A) The announcer introduced us as the "Huge Notes" instead of the "High Tones."
B) All the lights in the theater flashed on and off throughout our last song.
C) Starting our first song a half-beat too late, Dina threw the rhythm off for the rest of us.
D) The debut of our singing group at the college talent show last Saturday was a total disaster.
E) Halfway through our act, our lead singer's microphone went dead for three minutes.
F) Calvin arrived so hoarse that he could hardly sing at all.

Question 19

Instructions: Each group of sentences below could be organized into and written as a paragraph. In each group, select the letter of the topic sentence. Which sentence is the topic sentence?

A) Here at Kensington College, without our student numbers, we would hardly exist.
B) We must display our student numbers and our IDs just to get onto campus.
C) We must pencil our student numbers on computer cards in order to register for courses.
D) When our grades are posted, the A's and F's go not to Felicia Watson and Bill Jenkins, Jr., but to 237-0002 and 235-1147.

Question 20

Instructions: Select the letter of the answer that correctly identifies each type of prewriting. The prewriting below is an example of The Internet I use the Internet a lot and so do my friends. Communicating with each other, e-mail, Facebook posts. My friend Renee usually on her computer for several hours every night. I use the Internet to look up information ¾ weather, news. Great for making travel plans like plane tickets or hotel reservations. But the danger of putting in your credit-card numbers. Sometimes I search for information about different topics that interest me. Love online shopping and watching YouTube videos.

A) focused freewriting.
B) brainstorming.
C) clustering.
D) asking questions.
E) keeping a journal

Question 21

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: Gilberto learned how to play the trumpet, but it took a long time. His older sister teased him for his horrible playing.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 22

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: Modern fireworks have their origins in tenth-century Chinese pyrotechnics. Fireworks are illegal in many states.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 23

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: Modern fireworks have their origins in tenth-century Chinese pyrotechnics. The earliest forms of fireworks were Roman candles and fiery pinwheels.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 24

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: In order to be a good cook, you have to be prepared in the kitchen. Cookbooks are so expensive.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 25

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: Gilberto learned how to play the trumpet, but it took a long time. The trumpet has three valves.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 26

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: In order to be a good cook, you have to be prepared in the kitchen. Check your cupboards and refrigerator for old and rotting food.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 27

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: In order to be a good cook, you have to be prepared in the kitchen. Salt and pepper are the most common food seasonings.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 28

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: Gilberto learned how to play the trumpet, but it took a long time. Wynton Marsalis is one of the finest trumpet players alive today.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 29

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: Gilberto learned how to play the trumpet, but it took a long time. Nonetheless, his mother brought him to his weekly lessons.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 30

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: Gilberto learned how to play the trumpet, but it took a long time. He became more advanced and enjoyed the music.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 31

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: In order to be a good cook, you have to be prepared in the kitchen. Keep a box of baking soda on hand in case of grease fires.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 32

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: Gilberto learned how to play the trumpet, but it took a long time. Gilberto wanted to watch TV more than practice.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 33

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: In order to be a good cook, you have to be prepared in the kitchen. Have clean sponges and cleansers by the sink.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 34

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: In order to be a good cook, you have to be prepared in the kitchen. Arrange space to have enough counter space for cutting.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 35

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: Gilberto learned how to play the trumpet, but it took a long time. Trumpets are made of brass.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 36

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: In order to be a good cook, you have to be prepared in the kitchen. I like sharpening knives on a stone.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 37

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: Gilberto learned how to play the trumpet, but it took a long time. In time, Gilberto's tongue and lip muscles became strong.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 38

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: In order to be a good cook, you have to be prepared in the kitchen. I found these plates at Macy's.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 39

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: Gilberto learned how to play the trumpet, but it took a long time. His mother complained when he didn't practice.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 40

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: Gilberto learned how to play the trumpet, but it took a long time. When he played, the mouthpiece hurt his lips.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 41

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: Modern fireworks have their origins in tenth-century Chinese pyrotechnics. Most fireworks use gunpowder, dyes, and metal shavings for their special effects.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 42

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Networks should not present children's shows that contain violence
(2) Children fed a constant diet of TV violence begin to believe that brutality is acceptable.
(3) Seeing dogs, cats, and mice pushing each other off roofs and hitting each other with bricks in these shows, children are bound to assume that brutality is and should be a way of life.
(4) Another reason for keeping violence out of children's shows is that young viewers may get the idea that violence is not really painful
(5) For example, my neighbor has told me that after a Saturday morning of violent cartoons, her son Paul tends to hit and bully his sister and then seems amazed when, unlike the smiling cartoon characters, she cries
(6) Most important, the consequences of letting our children watch these shows are frightening to imagine
(7) We may be raising a generation of adolescents and then adults so used to watching cruelty on television that they will not be moved to stop it when they see it in real life. Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) narration
C) description
D) process
E) persuasion
F) comparison/contrast
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 43

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: Modern fireworks have their origins in tenth-century Chinese pyrotechnics. Washington, D.C., has great Fourth of July fireworks.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 44

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) The bedroom had been carefully put in order
(2) The two French windows to the left of the door sparkled with the sunlight reflected onto their clean glass panes.
(3) Beneath each window was a carved honey-colored bookcase about three feet high and four feet wide.
(4) Both bookcases contained neat rows of leather-bound books
(5) Flush against the back wall stood a magnificent canopy bed covered with an eyelet comforter
(6) Several eyelet-covered pillows were plumped at the head of the bed
(7) Against the right wall was a carved writing table on which lay a neat stack of writing paper and a gold pen. Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (2), (4), (5)
B) (2), (3), (5)
C) (2), (3), (5), (7)

Question 45

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Achieving the position of attention ¾ a key position in all military movements ¾ is not as simple as most people think
(2) To obtain this position, a person must first bring his or her heels together and in line, toes forming a forty-five degree angle.
(3) The person then rests his or her weight equally on the heels of both feet and straightens the legs without locking the knees.
(4) Next, he or she stands erect, hips level, chest lifted and arched, shoulders square and even
(5) The head should be erect and square, eyes to the front, chin drawn in so that the head and neck are vertical
(6) Finally, the arms should be straightened with fingers curled so that the tips of the thumbs are touching the index fingers
(7) The thumb should rest along the seams of the pants
(8) Like everything else in military life, the position of attention has a format that must be followed. Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (1), (4), (6)
B) (2), (3), (4), (6)
C) (2), (3), (5), (7)

Question 46

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) New Jersey businessman Barry Halper owned the world's largest collection of baseball memorabilia
(2) Three packed rooms in his basement held countless      baseball-related objects priceless to any lover of the game.
(3) He owned, for instance, at least 1 million baseball cards, all in complete sets.
(4) Nine hundred players' uniforms on a dry cleaner's conveyor belt hummed through a huge closet in Halper's basement
(5) Another prized example of Halper's passion was a life-size wax statue of Babe Ruth purchased from Madame Tussaud's famous wax museum in London
(6) Halper displayed a huge leather chair shaped like a baseball mitt, 3,000 autographed balls, a baseball pinball machine made in the 1930s, posters, bats, masks, trophies
(7) In 1998, he sold his collection; Major League Baseball bought many of Halper's treasures and donated them to the Baseball Hall of Fame. Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (3), (5)
B) (1), (2), (5)
C) (4), (5)

Question 47

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) The bedroom had been carefully put in order
(2) The two French windows to the left of the door sparkled with the sunlight reflected onto their clean glass panes.
(3) Beneath each window was a carved honey-colored bookcase about three feet high and four feet wide.
(4) Both bookcases contained neat rows of leather-bound books
(5) Flush against the back wall stood a magnificent canopy bed covered with an eyelet comforter
(6) Several eyelet-covered pillows were plumped at the head of the bed
(7) Against the right wall was a carved writing table on which lay a neat stack of writing paper and a gold pen. Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) narration
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) comparison/contrast
G) classification
H) persuasion

Question 48

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: Modern fireworks have their origins in tenth-century Chinese pyrotechnics. Fireworks are too loud.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 49

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Networks should not present children's shows that contain violence
(2) Children fed a constant diet of TV violence begin to believe that brutality is acceptable.
(3) Seeing dogs, cats, and mice pushing each other off roofs and hitting each other with bricks in these shows, children are bound to assume that brutality is and should be a way of life.
(4) Another reason for keeping violence out of children's shows is that young viewers may get the idea that violence is not really painful
(5) For example, my neighbor has told me that after a Saturday morning of violent cartoons, her son Paul tends to hit and bully his sister and then seems amazed when, unlike the smiling cartoon characters, she cries
(6) Most important, the consequences of letting our children watch these shows are frightening to imagine
(7) We may be raising a generation of adolescents and then adults so used to watching cruelty on television that they will not be moved to stop it when they see it in real life. Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (3), (4), (5)
B) (4), (5), (6)
C) (5), (6)

Question 50

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) New Jersey businessman Barry Halper owned the world's largest collection of baseball memorabilia
(2) Three packed rooms in his basement held countless      baseball-related objects priceless to any lover of the game.
(3) He owned, for instance, at least 1 million baseball cards, all in complete sets.
(4) Nine hundred players' uniforms on a dry cleaner's conveyor belt hummed through a huge closet in Halper's basement
(5) Another prized example of Halper's passion was a life-size wax statue of Babe Ruth purchased from Madame Tussaud's famous wax museum in London
(6) Halper displayed a huge leather chair shaped like a baseball mitt, 3,000 autographed balls, a baseball pinball machine made in the 1930s, posters, bats, masks, trophies
(7) In 1998, he sold his collection; Major League Baseball bought many of Halper's treasures and donated them to the Baseball Hall of Fame. Choose the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) narration
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) persuasion
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 51

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Although separated by many years in age, Carolyn's father and her son are remarkably similar
(2) A gray-haired elderly gentleman, Carolyn's father always carefully selects his clothing before he steps into the public view.
(3) His greatest treat is to browse through encyclopedias, dictionaries, and almanacs to absorb scraps of knowledge, minute facts, and out-of-the-way statistics.
(4) At dinner, he enjoys surprising his family with the annual rainfall of Australia or the average length of the tiger shark
(5) Billy, Carolyn's seven-year-old, also carefully surveys his clothing each morning to see what would best suit his mood
(6) He too loves to read, but he confines himself to children's books on exotic lands
(7) Just like his grandfather, at mealtime he parades his store of odd facts before the family, relishing the surprised looks on their faces
(8) Maybe the old saying should be "Like grandfather, like grandson." Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) narration
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) comparison/contrast
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 52

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Achieving the position of attention ¾ a key position in all military movements ¾ is not as simple as most people think
(2) To obtain this position, a person must first bring his or her heels together and in line, toes forming a forty-five degree angle.
(3) The person then rests his or her weight equally on the heels of both feet and straightens the legs without locking the knees.
(4) Next, he or she stands erect, hips level, chest lifted and arched, shoulders square and even
(5) The head should be erect and square, eyes to the front, chin drawn in so that the head and neck are vertical
(6) Finally, the arms should be straightened with fingers curled so that the tips of the thumbs are touching the index fingers
(7) The thumb should rest along the seams of the pants
(8) Like everything else in military life, the position of attention has a format that must be followed. Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) narration
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) persuasion
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 53

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: Modern fireworks have their origins in tenth-century Chinese pyrotechnics. A fireworks shell is a tube made of paper.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 54

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: Modern fireworks have their origins in tenth-century Chinese pyrotechnics. Be careful if you're setting off fireworks.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 55

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: Modern fireworks have their origins in tenth-century Chinese pyrotechnics. My family set fireworks off last summer.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 56

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Although separated by many years in age, Carolyn's father and her son are remarkably similar
(2) A gray-haired elderly gentleman, Carolyn's father always carefully selects his clothing before he steps into the public view.
(3) His greatest treat is to browse through encyclopedias, dictionaries, and almanacs to absorb scraps of knowledge, minute facts, and out-of-the-way statistics.
(4) At dinner, he enjoys surprising his family with the annual rainfall of Australia or the average length of the tiger shark
(5) Billy, Carolyn's seven-year-old, also carefully surveys his clothing each morning to see what would best suit his mood
(6) He too loves to read, but he confines himself to children's books on exotic lands
(7) Just like his grandfather, at mealtime he parades his store of odd facts before the family, relishing the surprised looks on their faces
(8) Maybe the old saying should be "Like grandfather, like grandson." Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentence(s)?

A) (5)
B) (5), (6), (7)
C) (5), (7)

Question 57

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) The chronograph is a watch that measures time in different ways
(2) Its dial has two, three, or even four smaller subdials for this purpose.
(3) A dial at the 9 o'clock mark might measure continuous seconds; one at six o'clock might count total hours up to twelve.
(4) Specific features like these are useful to people who must measure time with great accuracy
(5) The stopwatch dial, for example, is useful to athletes who must time and assess their performance
(6) Another possible feature, the tachometer, can be used by race-car drivers to measure the speed of Formula One racers
(7) The chronograph's radium dial with luminous numbers and hands is helpful to military personnel conducting operations at night
(8) A waterproof version with rubber gasket rings can be used by divers who need to mark the tides
(9) Because of the chronograph's fancy, technical details, these timepieces project an active, competent, outdoor image. Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (3), (4)
B) (5), (6)
C) (2), (7), (8)

Question 58

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: Modern fireworks have their origins in tenth-century Chinese pyrotechnics. The original fireworks were not so different from those we have now.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 59

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) The chronograph is a watch that measures time in different ways
(2) Its dial has two, three, or even four smaller subdials for this purpose.
(3) A dial at the 9 o'clock mark might measure continuous seconds; one at six o'clock might count total hours up to twelve.
(4) Specific features like these are useful to people who must measure time with great accuracy
(5) The stopwatch dial, for example, is useful to athletes who must time and assess their performance
(6) Another possible feature, the tachometer, can be used by race-car drivers to measure the speed of Formula One racers
(7) The chronograph's radium dial with luminous numbers and hands is helpful to military personnel conducting operations at night
(8) A waterproof version with rubber gasket rings can be used by divers who need to mark the tides
(9) Because of the chronograph's fancy, technical details, these timepieces project an active, competent, outdoor image. Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) persuasion
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) comparison/contrast
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 60

Instructions: The topic sentence below is followed by a brainstormed list of possible ideas for a paragraph. Decide which ideas support the topic sentence and should be kept and which ideas should be dropped. Select "keep" or "drop" for each idea. Topic sentence: Modern fireworks have their origins in tenth-century Chinese pyrotechnics. Originally the Chinese invented firecrackers for use as weapons.

A) Keep
B) Drop

Question 61

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Judges can be divided, on the basis of their written opinions, into three categories: conservative, liberal, and centrist
(2) Although all judges respect the law, conservative judges have an especially strong belief in the importance of the law and the history surrounding it.
(3) They believe that real justice comes only from strictly applying the law to the facts of a case, whether or not the outcome seems fair to an individual.
(4) On the other hand, liberal judges look beyond a rigid reading to the "spirit of the law" in their search for real justice in a case
(5) They might broadly interpret the law in order to champion individual rights
(6) The outcome of the case matters more to them than the letter of the law
(7) Finally, centrist judges walk the middle ground between conservative and liberal
(8) They do not apply the law as rigidly as conservative judges, yet they are not as willing as liberal judges to apply the law loosely
(9) Having different types of judges helps balance our legal system; their differing views help protect both the law and individual rights. Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (4), (7)
B) (1), (3), (5)
C) (8), (9)

Question 62

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) I hadn't seen my childhood bedroom in the two years since I had left for France
(2) My parents kept everything in place, as if I had never left.
(3) An enormous poster of Michael Jordan was still tacked to the front of the door.
(4) On the wall were markings of my height, from age three to eighteen
(5) In the bookcase next to my bed stood all the science fiction novels and copies of Sports Illustrated that I had read in middle and high school
(6) Above the bed, a model airplane hung, suspended by thin wires
(7) I lay on the bed, now too small for me, and watched the model airplane move gently in the breeze. Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) narration
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) persuasion
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 63

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Investors should be familiar with three common kinds of investments
(2) The first kind of investment is called a certificate of deposit, or CD.
(3) It is the investment option with the least risk.
(4) A CD loans your money to your bank for a specific period of time, during which your money collects interest
(5) The second type of investment is a bond, a slightly less conservative way to invest money
(6) With a bond, you invest your money in a business or in the government, which treats your investment as a loan
(7) The third, and riskiest, type of investment of all is in stock
(8) If you buy stock in a company, it means that you own a part of that company, however small
(9) Your fortune will rise and fall with the profits and failures of the company
(10)Each investment option has advantages and disadvantages
(11)It is best to research all options before making your choice. Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) narration
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) comparison/contrast
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 64

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Music aficionados will always argue over compact discs and records
(2) LPs, or long playing records, have been around since the invention of the phonograph.
(3) Many jazz fans say that LP records give jazz and blues music a certain character.
(4) They refer to the authentic pops and scratches audible even on a good recording after several plays
(5) Classical music fans, however, stand by compact discs as the best way to listen to recorded music
(6) Though LPs capture the pops and scratches, CDs capture both the highs of virtuoso violins and the lows of tubas with a clarity that LPs cannot replicate
(7) Although record companies produce fewer and fewer LPs each year, they will always have die-hard fans who will stand by vinyl. Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) persuasion
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) comparison/contrast
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 65

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Judges can be divided, on the basis of their written opinions, into three categories: conservative, liberal, and centrist
(2) Although all judges respect the law, conservative judges have an especially strong belief in the importance of the law and the history surrounding it.
(3) They believe that real justice comes only from strictly applying the law to the facts of a case, whether or not the outcome seems fair to an individual.
(4) On the other hand, liberal judges look beyond a rigid reading to the "spirit of the law" in their search for real justice in a case
(5) They might broadly interpret the law in order to champion individual rights
(6) The outcome of the case matters more to them than the letter of the law
(7) Finally, centrist judges walk the middle ground between conservative and liberal
(8) They do not apply the law as rigidly as conservative judges, yet they are not as willing as liberal judges to apply the law loosely
(9) Having different types of judges helps balance our legal system; their differing views help protect both the law and individual rights. Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) persuasion
B) narration
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) comparison/contrast
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 66

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Christopher Reeve's story includes an extraordinary twist of fate
(2) This star played Superman, the fictional hero who inspired fans with his ability to overcome obstacles and save others from harm.
(3) How ironic that in 1995, this Hollywood heartthrob was paralyzed from the neck down in a horse-jumping accident and came to personify that superhuman perseverance himself.
(4) Before his accident, Reeve was not only a famous actor but a pianist, an athlete who performed his own film stunts, a pilot, and all-round outdoorsman
(5) After being injured, he depended on a ventilator to breathe and operated his wheelchair by sipping or puffing on a straw
(6) However, this brave man went on to direct and narrate award-winning films, write the best-selling autobiography Still Me , and inspire thousands of people through speeches and interviews
(7) He also raised millions of dollars for research on spinal cord injuries
(8) By the time he died in 2004, Christopher Reeve had become a hero of a different kind; his heroism depended not on physical strength but on courage, optimism, and a sense of purpose. Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (1), (3), (5)
B) (3), (5), (8)
C) (3), (4), (5)

Question 67

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Investors should be familiar with three common kinds of investments
(2) The first kind of investment is called a certificate of deposit, or CD.
(3) It is the investment option with the least risk.
(4) A CD loans your money to your bank for a specific period of time, during which your money collects interest
(5) The second type of investment is a bond, a slightly less conservative way to invest money
(6) With a bond, you invest your money in a business or in the government, which treats your investment as a loan
(7) The third, and riskiest, type of investment of all is in stock
(8) If you buy stock in a company, it means that you own a part of that company, however small
(9) Your fortune will rise and fall with the profits and failures of the company
(10)Each investment option has advantages and disadvantages
(11)It is best to research all options before making your choice. Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentence(s)?

A) (2), (5), (7)
B) (1), (4)
C) (3)

Question 68

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Reality television shows are inspiring viewers to explore and adopt new hobbies
(2) For example, the fashion design show Project Runway has sparked new interest in sewing.
(3) Enrollment in sewing classes and sales of sewing machines have both increased significantly since the show began in 2004.
(4) Another example is the Dancing with the Stars shows, which feature celebrities performing routines with ballroom dance professionals
(5) This series has led to a resurgence of interest in dances like the tango, the waltz, and the cha cha, with dance studios all over America reporting a spike in enrollment since this show started in 2005
(6) Reality TV shows like Antiques Roadshow, American Pickers, and Pawn Stars have spawned new interest in antiques and collectibles. Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) narration
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) persuasion
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 69

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Food critics always aim for anonymity so that restaurant owners will not recognize them
(2) A case in point is Ruth Reichl.
(3) Reichl was food critic for The New York Times for many years.
(4) Everyone from bartenders at the Ritz to small bistro owners came to recognize her face and gave her preferential treatment to get their restaurants a good review
(5) To avoid recognition, Reichl used twelve different disguises in order to be treated like an anonymous customer
(6) Sometimes she would manicure her nails, wear makeup, and dress in a black suit for a sophisticated look
(7) At other times she would wear a gray wig and a housedress to have an older, more modest look
(8) Reichl went to great lengths to disguise herself to avoid preferential treatment. Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) narration
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) persuasion
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 70

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Do you have a flat bicycle tire?
(2) If so, then follow these easy steps and you'll be on your way in no time.
(3) First, remove the flat tire from its frame.
(4) Make sure all the air is out of the tire
(5) Next, separate the tire from its rim
(6) Carefully remove the tube from inside the tire
(7) Once the tube is removed, patch it or start with a new tube
(8) Then inspect the inside of the rim for thorns, sticks, pebbles, or anything else that might cause a puncture
(9) Now you're ready to insert the tire back inside the rim
(10)After pushing the tire back into the rim, make sure the tube is completely inside the tire
(11)Inflate the new or patched tire
(12)After you check for bulges or irregularities in the tire, it should be ready for use. Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) narration
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) comparison/contrast
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 71

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Why is money such a problem issue for couples?
(2) Psychologists and others have identified several causes.
(3) One cause of financial tension is that people who overspend tend to marry people who hoard their money.
(4) The hoarders feel happy and in control when they are not spending, whereas the overspenders feel happy and in control when they are spending
(5) Another reason is that most couples have more difficulty communicating about money than about any other subject
(6) Although they may talk to each other about everything else under the sun, they can't seem to communicate about money or how they feel about it
(7) A third cause of trouble involves gender differences, including differences in how men and women see the world and operate in it
(8) Some of these differences may go back to the early roles of men as hunters and women as food gatherers
(9) Rob Becker, in his theater piece, Defending the Caveman , describes men going out to buy a shirt, wearing it until it dies, and then going out to kill another shirt ¾ while women, the gatherers, shop early and accumulate items for later giving
(10)Even though this picture may strike us as funny and we know people who are exceptions to all the generalizations, money issues continue to plague our relationships. Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (2), (3), (5)
B) (2), (10)
C) (3), (5), (7)

Question 72

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Music aficionados will always argue over compact discs and records
(2) LPs, or long playing records, have been around since the invention of the phonograph.
(3) Many jazz fans say that LP records give jazz and blues music a certain character.
(4) They refer to the authentic pops and scratches audible even on a good recording after several plays
(5) Classical music fans, however, stand by compact discs as the best way to listen to recorded music
(6) Though LPs capture the pops and scratches, CDs capture both the highs of virtuoso violins and the lows of tubas with a clarity that LPs cannot replicate
(7) Although record companies produce fewer and fewer LPs each year, they will always have die-hard fans who will stand by vinyl. Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentence(s)?

A) (5), (6), (7)
B) (1), (4), (3)
C) (3)

Question 73

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Reality television shows are inspiring viewers to explore and adopt new hobbies
(2) For example, the fashion design show Project Runway has sparked new interest in sewing.
(3) Enrollment in sewing classes and sales of sewing machines have both increased significantly since the show began in 2004.
(4) Another example is the Dancing with the Stars shows, which feature celebrities performing routines with ballroom dance professionals
(5) This series has led to a resurgence of interest in dances like the tango, the waltz, and the cha cha, with dance studios all over America reporting a spike in enrollment since this show started in 2005
(6) Reality TV shows like Antiques Roadshow, American Pickers, and Pawn Stars have spawned new interest in antiques and collectibles. Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (2), (5), (6)
B) (3), (4)
C) (2), (4)

Question 74

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Do you have a flat bicycle tire?
(2) If so, then follow these easy steps and you'll be on your way in no time.
(3) First, remove the flat tire from its frame.
(4) Make sure all the air is out of the tire
(5) Next, separate the tire from its rim
(6) Carefully remove the tube from inside the tire
(7) Once the tube is removed, patch it or start with a new tube
(8) Then inspect the inside of the rim for thorns, sticks, pebbles, or anything else that might cause a puncture
(9) Now you're ready to insert the tire back inside the rim
(10)After pushing the tire back into the rim, make sure the tube is completely inside the tire
(11)Inflate the new or patched tire
(12)After you check for bulges or irregularities in the tire, it should be ready for use. Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (4), (6), (8), (11)
B) (3), (5), (7), (10), (12)
C) (1), (2)

Question 75

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Christopher Reeve's story includes an extraordinary twist of fate
(2) This star played Superman, the fictional hero who inspired fans with his ability to overcome obstacles and save others from harm.
(3) How ironic that in 1995, this Hollywood heartthrob was paralyzed from the neck down in a horse-jumping accident and came to personify that superhuman perseverance himself.
(4) Before his accident, Reeve was not only a famous actor but a pianist, an athlete who performed his own film stunts, a pilot, and all-round outdoorsman
(5) After being injured, he depended on a ventilator to breathe and operated his wheelchair by sipping or puffing on a straw
(6) However, this brave man went on to direct and narrate award-winning films, write the best-selling autobiography Still Me , and inspire thousands of people through speeches and interviews
(7) He also raised millions of dollars for research on spinal cord injuries
(8) By the time he died in 2004, Christopher Reeve had become a hero of a different kind; his heroism depended not on physical strength but on courage, optimism, and a sense of purpose. Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) narration
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) comparison/contrast
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 76

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) I hadn't seen my childhood bedroom in the two years since I had left for France
(2) My parents kept everything in place, as if I had never left.
(3) An enormous poster of Michael Jordan was still tacked to the front of the door.
(4) On the wall were markings of my height, from age three to eighteen
(5) In the bookcase next to my bed stood all the science fiction novels and copies of Sports Illustrated that I had read in middle and high school
(6) Above the bed, a model airplane hung, suspended by thin wires
(7) I lay on the bed, now too small for me, and watched the model airplane move gently in the breeze. Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (1), (3)
B) (3), (4), (5), (6)
C) (2), (7)

Question 77

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Recent research shows that laughter improves health through its positive effects on stress hormones and boosting the immune system
(2) Studies by Dr. Lee Berk and Dr. Stanley Tan of Loma Linda University in California show that belly laughter reduces at least four hormones associated with high levels of stress.
(3) Another beneficial effect of laughter, according to these researchers, is an increase in the body's natural ability to kill diseased cells.
(4) Laughter seems to reduce pain, too
(5) The Journal of Holistic Nursing reported that patients who were told jokes or watched comic videos after surgery perceived less pain than those who did not get a dose of humor
(6) Consequently, experts recommend taking time to laugh each day, especially during stressful times like finals week. Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) narration
C) description
D) persuasion
E) definition
F) comparison/contrast
G) classification
H) cause/effect

Question 78

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Food critics always aim for anonymity so that restaurant owners will not recognize them
(2) A case in point is Ruth Reichl.
(3) Reichl was food critic for The New York Times for many years.
(4) Everyone from bartenders at the Ritz to small bistro owners came to recognize her face and gave her preferential treatment to get their restaurants a good review
(5) To avoid recognition, Reichl used twelve different disguises in order to be treated like an anonymous customer
(6) Sometimes she would manicure her nails, wear makeup, and dress in a black suit for a sophisticated look
(7) At other times she would wear a gray wig and a housedress to have an older, more modest look
(8) Reichl went to great lengths to disguise herself to avoid preferential treatment. Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentence(s)?

A) (2)
B) (1), (4), (6)
C) (3), (5), (9)

Question 79

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Recent research shows that laughter improves health through its positive effects on stress hormones and boosting the immune system
(2) Studies by Dr. Lee Berk and Dr. Stanley Tan of Loma Linda University in California show that belly laughter reduces at least four hormones associated with high levels of stress.
(3) Another beneficial effect of laughter, according to these researchers, is an increase in the body's natural ability to kill diseased cells.
(4) Laughter seems to reduce pain, too
(5) The Journal of Holistic Nursing reported that patients who were told jokes or watched comic videos after surgery perceived less pain than those who did not get a dose of humor
(6) Consequently, experts recommend taking time to laugh each day, especially during stressful times like finals week. Transitional words or phrases are used in which sentences?

A) (3), (6)
B) (2), (5)
C) (4), (5)

Question 80

Instructions: The paragraph below is developed by a specific mode or pattern. Read the paragraph; then answer the question(s).
(1) Why is money such a problem issue for couples?
(2) Psychologists and others have identified several causes.
(3) One cause of financial tension is that people who overspend tend to marry people who hoard their money.
(4) The hoarders feel happy and in control when they are not spending, whereas the overspenders feel happy and in control when they are spending
(5) Another reason is that most couples have more difficulty communicating about money than about any other subject
(6) Although they may talk to each other about everything else under the sun, they can't seem to communicate about money or how they feel about it
(7) A third cause of trouble involves gender differences, including differences in how men and women see the world and operate in it
(8) Some of these differences may go back to the early roles of men as hunters and women as food gatherers
(9) Rob Becker, in his theater piece, Defending the Caveman , describes men going out to buy a shirt, wearing it until it dies, and then going out to kill another shirt ¾ while women, the gatherers, shop early and accumulate items for later giving
(10)Even though this picture may strike us as funny and we know people who are exceptions to all the generalizations, money issues continue to plague our relationships. Select the type of development the writer of this paragraph has used.

A) illustration
B) persuasion
C) description
D) process
E) definition
F) comparison/contrast
G) classification
H) cause/effect