Deck 16: Leadership and Communication in Sport

Question 1

Which of the following is not an example of a situation specific behaviorally based leadership theory?

A)Path-goal theory.
B)Life cycle theory.
C)Fiedler's contingency theory.
D)None of the above.

Answer 1

Fiedler's contingency theory.

Question 2

The primary research tool used in the Ohio State studies relative to effective leadership was the

A)Leader behavior description questionnaire.
B)Leadership scale for sports.
C)Coaching behavior assessment system.
D)Leader after the fact description scale.

Answer 2

Leader behavior description questionnaire.

Question 3

The "great man" (or woman)theory of leadership is based upon the notion that

A)Personality has little to do with effective leadership.
B)There are certain universal personality traits that distinguish the great from ordinary leaders.
C)How a leader behaves in a particular situation is the important thing.
D)Effective leadership is situation specific.

Answer 3

There are certain universal personality traits that distinguish the great from ordinary leaders.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a category of leadership theory discussed by Behling and Schriesheim?

A)Great man theory.
B)Functional theory.
C)Michigan and Ohio State studies.
D)Fiedler's Contingency theory.

Question 5

The motto of the "Universal Behaviors" school of thought relative to leadership might be

A)Great leaders are born not made.
B)Great leaders are lucky.
C)There are no great leaders.
D)Great leaders are made not born.

Question 6

The Ohio State leadership studies identified two important behaviors exhibited by effective leaders.They are

A)Employee orientation and equalitarianism.
B)Task motivation and authoritarianism.
C)Consideration and initiating structure.
D)Production emphasis and sensitivity.

Question 7

Consistent with the Behling and Schriesheim leadership classification system,which of the following leadership theories is most congruent with Smith's sport personality contingency model?

A)Fiedler's contingency theory.
B)Life cycle theory.
C)Path goal theory.
D)Chelladurai's multidimensional leadership model.

Question 8

Which of the following is incongruent with a transactional leadership style?

A)Consideration.
B)Autocratic.
C)Initiating structure.
D)Task motivateD.

Question 9

Leadership behavior associated with friendship,mutual trust,respect,and warmth between leader and subordinates.

A)Consideration.
B)Initiating structure.
C)Production emphasis.
D)Sensitivity.

Question 10

Seminars and workshops designed to teach people how to become effective leaders is would be considered to be a waste of valuable time by which of the following groups?

A)Universal Behavior theorists.
B)Path goal theorists.
C)Those advocating Fiedler's contingency theory.
D)All of the above.

Question 11

In path-goal theory the emphasis is upon

A)The needs and goals of the subordinate or athlete.
B)The needs and goals of the leader.
C)The needs and goals of the organization.
D)The problems associated with upper level management.

Question 12

Leadership theory in which successful leadership is predicted as a function of the favorableness of the situation and the personality of the leader.

A)Path-goal theory.
B)Fiedler's contingency theory.
C)Life cycle theory.
D)Functional model of leadership.

Question 13

Style of leadership incongruent with "consideration."

A)Task motivation.
B)Relationship motivation.
C)Democratic practices.
D)Employee orientation.

Question 14

Which of the following is not true relative to Smith's sport personality contingency model?

A)Based upon the situation and personality of athlete.
B)Based upon leadership behavior.
C)Based upon the cognitive-affective processing system.
D)Resultant behaviors based upon a filtering system.

Question 15

Fiedler's contingency theory is a

A)Universal theory based upon personality traits.
B)Universal theory based upon behaviors.
C)Situation specific theory based upon behaviors.
D)Situation specific theory based upon personality traits.

Question 16

Which of the following is incongruent with a transformational leadership style?

A)Consideration.
B)Employee oriented.
C)DemocratiC.
D)Initiating structure.

Question 17

Path goal theory of leadership is a

A)Universal theory based upon personality traits.
B)Universal theory based upon behaviors.
C)Situation specific theory based upon behaviors.
D)Situation specific theory based upon personality traits.

Question 18

Style of leadership incongruent with "initiating structure."

A)Task motivation.
B)Autocratic practices.
C)Authoriarianism.
D)Relationship motivation.

Question 19

In life cycle theory

A)The appropriate leadership style for any situation depends upon the educational level of the athlete.
B)The appropriate leadership style for any situation depends upon the maturity of the leader.
C)The appropriate leadership style for any situation depends upon the maturity of the athlete.
D)The appropriate leadership style for any situation depends upon the difficulty of the situation.

Question 20

Leadership behavior associated with well-defined patterns of organization,channels of communication,and methods of procedure.

A)Consideration.
B)Initiating structure.
C)Production emphasis.
D)Sensitivity.

Question 21

There is very little relationship between behaviors actually exhibited by coaches and the coaches' perceptions of their own behaviors.

A)Fact.
B)Fiction.
C)A theory that needs to be tested.
D)None of the above.

Question 22

The extent to which athletes believe that their coaches have the capacity to affect the learning and performance of their athletes.

A)Coaching competence.
B)Athlete efficacy.
C)Coaching efficacy.
D)Global self-confidence.

Question 23

The Coaching Behavior Assessment System is linked with

A)American Coaching Effectiveness Program.
B)Program for Athletic Coaches' Education.
C)Coach Effectiveness Training.
D)None of the above.

Question 24

The stated purpose of the Coach Effectiveness Training (CET)program is

A)Teach youth coaches how to engage in team building.
B)Teach youth coaches how to develop competitive athletes.
C)Teach youth coaches how to control problem children.
D)Teach youth coaches how to control problem parents.

Question 25

Which two factors are believed to mediate the relationship between sources of coaching information and coaching behavior outcomes?

A)Coaching efficacy,athlete efficacy.
B)Coaching competence,athlete behaviors.
C)Athlete efficacy,athlete attitudes.
D)Coaching efficacy,coaching competence.

Question 26

Even though the leader's personality remains unchanged,the leader's behavioral response varies from situation to situation.

A)Personality paradox.
B)Behavioral signature.
C)Behavioral paradox.
D)Contradiction of terms.

Question 27

Characteristic of incompatible coach-athlete dyad.

A)Lack of rewarding behavior.
B)Good communication.
C)Rewarding behavior present.
D)Affection.

Question 28

The _________________________ is based upon observed and recorded coach reactive and spontaneous behaviors.

A)Controlling Coaching Behavioral Scale.
B)Coach Reactive and Spontaneous Response System.
C)Contingency Scale of Coaching Behaviors.
D)Coaching Behavioral Assessment System.

Question 29

Which leadership inventory is most closely linked with Chelladurai's multidimensional model of leadership?

A)Least Preferred Co-Worker Scale.
B)Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire.
C)Leadership Scale for Sport.
D)Congruence Leadership Scale.

Question 30

Each leader exhibits a ______________ that is a function of the situation,the leader's personality,and a five element filtering system.

A)Personality profile
B)Genetic code
C)Behavioral signature
D)Behavioral paradox

Question 31

Player makes a mistake and the coach responds by verbally chastising the player.

A)Reactive behavior.
B)Spontaneous behavior.
C)Suppressed behavior.
D)None of the above.

Question 32

Miller has proposed an assertiveness training model that assists the coach in being assertive with athletes without damaging interpersonal relationships.Three steps or phases are involved in correcting an athlete.Which of the following does not belong?

A)Describe the situation to the athlete.
B)Tell how it affects the team.
C)Discuss penalties and options.
D)Tell what you think should be done.

Question 33

The extent to which coaches believe they have the capacity to affect the learning and performance of their athletes.

A)Athlete efficacy.
B)Capacity model of learning and performance.
C)Coaching efficacy
D)Global self-confidence.

Question 34

Smoll and Smith's Leadership Behavior Model is based upon

A)Situation-specific behaviors of the leader.
B)Universal behaviors of the leader.
C)Personality of the leader.
D)Personality of the athlete.

Question 35

Which of the following was developed as a companion instrument to the Coaching Behavioral Assessment System (CBAS)to assess player perception of leader behaviors?

A)Coaching Feedback Questionnaire.
B)Player Perception of Leader Behaviors Questionnaire.
C)Perceived Coaching Behaviors Instrument.
D)None of the above.

Question 36

According to the Smoll and Smith Leadership Behavioral Model,what important factor mediates the relationship between coach behaviors and player response?

A)Situational variables.
B)Player perception.
C)Coach perception of players' attitudes.
D)Player individual differences.

Question 37

Which of the following has been put forward as an alternative to the Coaching Behavioral Assessment System (CBAS)for recording coaches' behavioral responses during competition and practice?

A)Florida State Coaching Assessment Instrument.
B)Universal Coaching assessment System.
C)Arizona State University Observation Instrument.
D)Objective Coach Behavioral Instrument.

Question 38

According to Chelladurai's theory of leadership,leader effectiveness is a function of _________________ among three categories of leader behaviors.

A)Frequency.
B)Congruence.
C)Contingency.
D)Parallelism.

Question 39

Coach starts with a compliment,gives a future oriented instruction,and ends with another compliment.

A)Complimentary approach.
B)Positive approach.
C)Disguised coaching tip.
D)Sandwich approach.

Question 40

Which of the following is not a type of leader behavior outlined and discussed in Chelladurai's multidimensional model of leadership?

A)Legitimate behavior.
B)Prescribed behavior.
C)Actual behavior.
D)Preferred behavior.

Question 41

On the baseball field the athlete enjoying the highest degree of propinquity and task dependence is the

A)Catcher.
B)Pitcher.
C)Center fielder.
D)Shortstop.

Question 42

Regarding the plus 1 C of the Jowett coach-athlete relationship,the _____________ refers to how the coach perceives the athlete feels about their relationship,or how the athlete perceives the coach feels about their relationship.

A)Indirect perspective.
B)Direct perspective.
C)Meta-perspective.
D)Actual perspective

Question 43

What is the plus 1 in the 3 + 1 Cs model of the Jowett coach-athlete relationship?

A)Cognition.
B)Character.
C)Closeness.
D)Coorientation.

Question 44

Regarding the 3 + 1 Cs of the Jowett coach-athlete relationship,the ____________ refers to how the coach perceives the relationship with the athlete,or how the athlete perceives the relationship with the coach.

A)Indirect perspective.
B)Direct perspective.
C)Meta-perspective.
D)Actual perspective.

Question 45

Based upon factors within the Jowett 3 + 1 Cs coach-athlete model,researchers identified seven factors that are considered essential for a positive coach-athlete long term relationship.The acronym formed from these seven factors is identified as the

A)COMPASS Model.
B)LEADERS Model.
C)LOYALTY Model.
D)SUCCESS Model.

Question 46

According to the Jowett model of coach-athlete relationships,three factors are critical.Which of the following is not one of these factors?

A)Closeness.
B)Character.
C)Commitment.
D)Complementarity.

Question 47

In the geographical model of leadership opportunity,the term propinquity refers to

A)Aggressiveness of the athlete.
B)Level of player interaction.
C)Nearness to the geographical center of the area of play.
D)Observability and visibility of an athlete.

Question 48

Players who enjoy greater propinquity and task dependence on the athletic field are more likely to

A)Get hit with a line drive.
B)Have higher salaries.
C)Enjoy opportunities of leadership,both present and future.
D)Be discriminated against relative to leadership opportunities.

Question 49

In the geographical model of leadership opportunity,the term task dependence refers to

A)The concept of centrality.
B)Level of interaction among players.
C)Observability and visibility of an athlete.
D)Assertiveness of the athlete.

Question 50

From the coaches' perspective,which of the following is not a practical suggestion for facilitating Coach-Athlete communication?

A)Use sarcasm as a means of keeping athletes amused and entertained.
B)Make sure nonverbal and verbal communication are consistent.
C)Exercise personal self-control at all times.
D)Recognize individual differences among athletes.

Question 51

To measure the 3 + 1 Cs model of the coach-athlete relationship,Jowett developed the _____________________.

A)Coach-Athlete 3 + 1 Cs Questionnaire.
B)Coach-Athlete compatibility and Communication Inventory.
C)Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire.
D)Jowett Leadership Inventory.

Question 52

Disproportionate placement of blacks or minorities into positions of low task dependence and propinquity.

A)Centrality.
B)Discrimination.
C)Stacking.
D)Managing.

Question 53

Which of the following is not a viable explanation for why fewer and fewer African Americans are choosing to play baseball?

A)Baseball can't match the "buzz" producing excitement of basketball and football.
B)For financial reasons,many blacks are being denied access to expert instruction and groomed playing fields associated with the pay-for-play mentality of modern suburbia.
C)Blacks are being squeezed out by Hispanic players who see baseball as their domain.
D)There are so few blacks in the major leagues,that there are few role models for young black athletes to emulate.

Question 54

Which of the following is not one of the 3 Cs of the Jowett coach-athlete relationship?

A)Cognition.
B)Complementarity.
C)Closeness.
D)Commitment.