Deck 11: The Second Half: Midlife and Aging

Question 1

The belief that women are "old" earlier than men is a(n)

A)cohort effect.
B)double standard of aging.
C)fossilization effect.
D)example of elderspeak.

Answer 1

double standard of aging.

Question 2

Research on sexual attractiveness and aging suggests

A)there is a double standard of aging.
B)ratings of women's and men's physical attractiveness decline at similar rates.
C)physical attractiveness and age are negatively correlated for both sexes.
D)a and c

Answer 2

there is a double standard of aging.

Question 3

Researchers found older women are upset about changes in their bodies' ________ while men reported more upset by changes in their bodies'__________.

A)function;appearance
B)appearance;function
C)height;weight
D)weight;height

Answer 3

appearance;function

Question 4

Elderspeak,speaking with elders differently than with others,is a

A)help to older adults who are really suffering from cognitive impairment.
B)form of ageism
C)hard behavior not to do when elders are hard to understand.
D)a really good way to get better service.

Question 5

Which of the following is true about gender differences and coronary heart disease?

A)Estrogens protect women from coronary heart disease.
B)Heart disease has decreased for men but is increasing for women.
C)Heart disease is decreasing for women but staying the same for men.
D)None of the above is correct.

Question 6

Some people speak to the elderly as if they are small children or animals,an approach referred to as

A)majority speech.
B)infantilization.
C)dementia speech.
D)patronspeak.

Question 7

In North American society,meaningful roles for elders are more apparent in

A)white Anglo-Saxon Protestant communities.
B)wealthy communities.
C)artistic communities,particularly for writers and poets.
D)collectivist cultures,including many Native American,Asian,and African American communities.

Question 8

Prejudice and discrimination based on age is called

A)lookism.
B)ageism.
C)elderlism.
D)antiquitism.

Question 9

People who commonly express ageism assume an older person with whom they are interacting

A)has memory problems.
B)is not worth their attention.
C)should not be taken seriously.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 10

The most common form of age-ism reported by respondents was

A)having people go out of their way to help older people.
B)commercials addressing problems people develop as they age.
C)being told jokes that make fun of older people.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 11

Analysis of Disney movies,found older women are depicted as

A)ugly.
B)evil,greedy,and power-hungry.
C)crazy.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 12

Which of the following is a consequence of the double standard of aging?

A)There are few romantic leads for middle-aged women actors.
B)Men are perceived as becoming old later than women.
C)A man is more likely to marry a younger woman than vice versa.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 13

Speaking to elders as if they are incompetent

A)can create a self-fulfilling prophecy.
B)can lead to them acting as if they are in poorer health than they might otherwise.
C)can be patronizing.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 14

The leading causes of death for US Women include,

A)heart disease.
B)breast cancer.
C)car accidents.
D)diabetes.

Question 15

Aging men tend to talk about their bodies ____________ while women speak of ____________.

A)as wholes;parts of their bodies
B)as if they were cars;as if they were household appliances
C)as improving with age;as improving only with plastic surgery
D)All the above are correct.

Question 16

Age stereotyping is usually triggered by

A)learning an older person's age.
B)forgetfulness on the older person's part.
C)appearance.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 17

Current research on coronary heart disease indicates

A)there is a shortage of information about women's symptoms.
B)women are less likely to be referred to a cardiac rehabilitation program.
C)women receive very little information on heart disease.
D)a and b

Question 18

Simple,repetitious,slow,and exaggerated speech can be ______________ elderly people.

A)patronizing and disrespectful toward
B)extremely helpful for most
C)disorienting for
D)amusing for

Question 19

Eloise turns 67 years old today.People she meets compliment her by saying,"You don't look your age." The implicit assumption in this remark is that she

A)is very pretty.
B)would be ugly if she looked her age.
C)must have exercised her whole life.
D)makes the most of her appearance.

Question 20

People who are born in the same decade are referred to as a(n)

A)age cohort.
B)span group.
C)age epoch.
D)None of the above is correct.

Question 21

Cross-cultural research on menopause suggests

A)hot flashes vary in frequency cross-culturally.
B)there is more variance between women than between cultures.
C)hot flashes are not related to biological changes.
D)race is a better predictor than culture for how often any given woman experiences hot flashes.

Question 22

Treatment of women in terms of their reproductive function is exampled by

A)use of reproductive hormones to relieve signs of menopause.
B)diagnosis of housewife's disease.
C)empty nest syndrome.
D)diagnosis of retirement depression.

Question 23

Sexuality and sexual activity in older people is

A)often considered disgusting or ridiculous due to stereotypes.
B)viewed as important parts of well-being.
C)actually a very important part of life for many.
D)typically causes of a many problems and concerns.

Question 24

Studies of women's actual experiences with menopause suggest

A)most women do not find menopause particularly stressful.
B)many women perceive menopause as similar to a major illness.
C)older women find menopause more stressful than younger women do.
D)beliefs about menopause have changed dramatically in recent years.

Question 25

Menopause is best defined as

A)the onset of aging in women.
B)the end of the menstrual cycle.
C)the breakdown of the reproductive system
D)the period of the empty nest syndrome.

Question 26

Women over age 75 are two to three times more likely to have ___________ than men in the same age group.

A)arthritis
B)diabetes
C)chronic illness
D)All the above are correct.

Question 27

Studies of lesbians' experiences of aging show

A)most lesbians find their partner relationship to be increasingly important.
B)most lesbians find they're strongly represented in media.
C)although there are cases of continued heterosexism,it decreases.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 28

One of the most important activities to maintain good health as one ages is

A)spending time with one's partner.
B)exercise.
C)spending time with children.
D)watching television game shows.

Question 29

Opportunities for older heterosexual women to find another partner and remarry are limited because

A)there are fewer men than women,as women live longer than men.
B)men tend to choose (sometimes much)younger partners.
C)there are significant prejudices against older people marrying.
D)a and b

Question 30

Studies of the influences of social factors on the frequency of hot flashes have found that hot flashes are correlated with

A)socioeconomic group.
B)age.
C)social class.
D)None of the above is correct.

Question 31

Older women having weakness,lack of energy,and poor stamina

A)can "bounce back" only if they were athletic when they were younger.
B)often need to be told that this is a normal part of aging they must accept.
C)can improve strength,bone density,balance,and energy levels through exercise.
D)are typically not receiving the medications they need.

Question 32

Rasha is experiencing menopause,but she has not sought medical treatment for any symptoms.She and her husband have one child.Rasha probably feels

A)slightly dismayed at not being able to have any more children.
B)pleased at no longer having to fear pregnancy.
C)somewhat isolated from her younger friends who are still menstruating.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 33

The frequency of hot flashes has been associated with

A)social class.
B)ethnic and cultural differences.
C)educational level.
D)the number of children a woman has borne.

Question 34

Research suggests _______________ women are most concerned about their appearances and most invested in treating their bodies as improvement projects.

A)working-class
B)African-American/Black
C)White,middle-class and affluent
D)Latina

Question 35

Physicians sometimes misdiagnosis serious problems like hypertension and heart disease as

A)depression.
B)menopausal symptoms.
C)hypochondria.
D)high blood pressure.

Question 36

Research suggests ___________ greatly improve/s older people's health and feelings of well-being as they age.

A)exercise
B)support groups
C)plastic surgery
D)b and c

Question 37

Ellen is 51 years old and is at the threshold of menopause.We can safely assume that she will experience

A)hot flashes.
B)discontinuance of menstruation.
C)vaginal changes.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 38

Modern researchers believe hot flashes are caused by a(n)

A)increase in estrogen and a decrease in progesterone.
B)reduction in progesterone.
C)increase in progesterone and a decrease in estrogen.
D)decline in estrogen production.

Question 39

Older adults are rarely included in research on

A)heart disease.
B)gender norms.
C)sex.
D)remarriage.

Question 40

Women who become a grandmother discover

A)they are upset at first because they associate the term with "old age."
B)their role is more highly respected.
C)the role is more disrespected.
D)none of the above.

Question 41

Which of the following is an accurate statement?

A)Women are more likely to become widows than men to become widowers.
B)Men who are widowed are likely to remarry.
C)Younger widows usually recover better from their loss than older widows.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 42

Women-of-color are much more likely than White women to be

A)caring for their elderly parents.
B)caring for people with disabilities.
C)one or more grandchildren.
D)None of the above is correct.

Question 43

Many grandmothers who are full-time caregivers of grandchildren report

A)they were eager to raise another generation of children.
B)they appreciate the financial "breaks" they are afforded for raising children.
C)it was a nondecision as the children's parents were somehow incapacitated.
D)a and b

Question 44

The label used to describe the middle-aged women who must cope simultaneously with the needs of elderly parents and teenaged children is the

A)tug-of-war caregiver.
B)multiple role mother.
C)women in the middle.
D)cross-generational caregiver.

Question 45

For lower socioeconomic group women,

A)retirement is guaranteed!
B)about the same percentage as other groups do retire.
C)it is likely retirement is never going to happen.
D)retirement is likely due to excellent employer benefits.

Question 46

About __________ of all poor older adults in the US are women.

A)one-fourth
B)one-third
C)one half
D)two thirds

Question 47

Older women may enter school or begin a new career later in life.This is often a result of

A)having fewer family responsibilities.
B)redefining the self with new interests and goals.
C)increased income.
D)a and b

Question 48

Evelyn's father has had difficulty caring for himself since he had a stroke.She spends time with him and helps him around his house.It is likely Evelyn

A)reports doing more for him than she actually does.
B)experiences emotional strain related to care work.
C)is an only child.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 49

In Native American families,the grandmother

A)is the center of the family and the one who holds it all together.
B)is secondary to the grandfather.
C)typically wants little to do with children.
D)b and c

Question 50

For some women,________ act as a catalyst for activism!

A)too much bran and fiber
B)not enough on Lifetime TV can
C)having a bunch of extra money.
D)experiences of ageism

Question 51

Most women who care for elderly relatives

A)derive benefits from it.
B)experience negative effects from it.
C)do the job willingly.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 52

Activism on behalf of older women is likely to

A)be seen as an issue only among ethnic minority women.
B)be affected by gender-typing when the women were younger.
C)increase dramatically as baby boomers reach midlife.
D)start with young women.

Question 53

Lesbians named _________ as their number one source of support.

A)their children
B)the gay community
C)their siblings
D)friends

Question 54

Grandmother roles provide many women with

A)awareness that they are growing older.
B)a sense that they are the "second shift."
C)things to do,since few grandparents have activities and hobbies.
D)a meaningful and important place in their families.

Question 55

Maggie Kuhn,who led the Gray Panthers until her death,helped

A)achieve nursing home reform.
B)achieve health care reform.
C)end forced retirement provisions.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 56

Research shows women generally provide elder care,except for

A)when disabled themselves.
B)when it's too stressful.
C)when married,with children.
D)Asian American men.

Question 57

Loss of a lesbian life partner

A)is less stressful than loss of a spouse in heterosexual marriages.
B)is generally more difficult,due to the added burden of heterosexism.
C)rarely causes financial hardship to the surviving partner.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 58

Data comparing women's and men's retirement suggest

A)current models of retirement is not adequate to describe women's experiences.
B)women and men experience similar transitions when they retire
C)retirement is more abrupt for women than for men
D)no research has been done on men and retirement

Question 59

Maria recently got divorced at age 55.She has decided to go back to school to finish her B.S.It is likely,compared to other students,Maria will be

A)less successful in school.
B)more successful in school.
C)more committed to school.
D)less committed to school.

Question 60

Changes in sexual activity for women in later life may be influenced by

A)finding a suitable partner.
B)fewer concerns about pregnancy and interruptions by children.
C)what the woman was taught when she was younger.
D)All the above are correct.

Question 61

What is the difference between the ages when women are considered old as compared to the age when men are considered old? What are the implications of this difference?

Question 62

Why is elder activism likely to increase over the next couple of decades?

Question 63

What are some factors that affect a person's likelihood to give care to elderly parents?

Question 64

What does the statement "like gender,age is a system of social classification" mean?

Question 65

Why do changes in women's life expectancy have implications for feminists? You may focus on either biological or social events.

Question 66

Citing your text,what are the advantages and disadvantages of becoming a grandparent? How does ethnicity and social class affect women's experiences of becoming grandmothers?

Question 67

Describe the benefits of exercise for older people.What barriers exist to keep older people from engaging in exercise and sports?

Question 68

Are women today more likely to be "in the middle?" Cite evidence to support your answer.

Question 69

What is the difference between a woman's self identity and her social identity? Why do discrepancies exist between the two?

Question 70

What are the stresses and problems typically faced by widows? How well do widows cope compared to widowers and why?

Question 71

Discuss positive aspects of growing older from a woman's perspective.

Question 72

How do women become invisible as they age? Provide examples in your discussion.

Question 73

What is ageism and how does it affect older people? Provide examples from daily life of ageist messages.

Question 74

How are women's experiences of menopause affected by culture?

Question 75

What evidence is there that aging is regarded more negatively by society for women than for men?

Question 76

How has menopause been "medicalized"? In what ways are models that focus on illness and disease with regards to menopause harmful to women?

Question 77

Describe how the health,safety,and dignity of older people are affected by poverty,isolation,and ageism.What social,societal,and biological factors allow these problems to develop and continue?

Question 78

What are additional strains on a surviving member of a lesbian couple?

Question 79

Why are women more likely than men to be caregivers for elderly relatives and aging spouses? How does personality affect who gets assigned care work? What are the psychological costs and rewards of being a caregiver?