Deck 29: Europe in the Postwar ERA

Question 1

Postwar authors wanting to show how ordinary people experienced dictatorship, war, and dislocation favored a style known as

A)existentialism.
B)neorealism.
C)neoconservatism.
D)surrealism.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Answer 1

neorealism.

Question 2

Which of the following achieved a large audience with their systematic claims for Christianity's relevance to modern life?

A)Paul Tillich and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
B)Karl Jaspers and Karl Barth
C)Karl Barth and Jacques Maritain
D)Martin Heidegger and Jean-Paul Sartre
E)All these answers are correct.

Answer 2

Paul Tillich and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin

Question 3

Pope John Paul called the Vatican Council in 1962 known as Vatican II in order to

A)move the Catholic Church back to more traditional values.
B)bring the Catholic Church up to date not just organizationally but in social policy as well.
C)put more emphasis on institutional uniformity.
D)keep the leadership of the Church from becoming too international.
E)All these answers are correct.

Answer 3

bring the Catholic Church up to date not just organizationally but in social policy as well.

Question 4

The Soviet plan for providing economic aid to Eastern European countries that it controlled was the

A)Five-Year Plan.
B)Comintern.
C)Comecon.
D)Warsaw Pact.
E)Commucon.

Question 5

Which country was NOT an initial member of NATO?

A)Greece
B)France
C)Iceland
D)the Netherlands
E)Great Britain

Question 6

Which conflict was the first test of a multi-national army overseen by the UN?

A)Vietnam
B)Bosnia
C)Yugoslavia
D)Korea
E)Cambodia

Question 7

The American plan for stimulating development of the postwar European economy was conceived by

A)George Marshall.
B)Harry Truman.
C)Douglas McArthur.
D)Henry Stimson.
E)John Keynes.

Question 8

The postwar movement that centered on the sum of one's choices giving life a moral meaning was known as

A)neorealism.
B)neoconservatism.
C)existentialism.
D)Vatican II.
E)surrealism.

Question 9

Compare and contrast the economies of Western and Eastern Europe in the postwar era.How did the policies of Russia and the United States affect them?

Question 10

What were the roles of women in the years following World War II? How did the writings of Simone Beauvoir and Betty Friedan affect the burgeoning women's movement of the 1960s?

Question 11

Which of the following nations was NOT a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization?

A)Canada
B)Great Britain
C)Hungary
D)France
E)Denmark

Question 12

When the Soviets cut off overland access to West Berlin in June of 1948, the United States responded by

A)using military force to re-open the road to the city.
B)conducting a year-long airlift of food and other supplies into the city.
C)using convoys to sneak through the Soviet lines and supply the city.
D)threatening to attack the Soviet Union with atomic weapons if it did not re-open the road to the city.
E)dropping food and other supplies from the air for a month.

Question 13

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was created because

A)ground forces needed atomic weapons to deter Soviet aggression.
B)ground forces that did not depend on atomic weapons were an essential deterrent to Soviet aggression.
C)every nation in Western Europe demanded protection by the United States.
D)Western Europe needed a multi-national deterrent to the armies of Eastern European countries.
E)ground and air forces needed atomic weapons to deter Soviet and Eastern European aggression.

Question 14

The Truman Doctrine promised

A)military aid to countries that had been allied with the U.S.in World War II.
B)economic aid to former communist countries.
C)military and agricultural aid to former communist countries.
D)military and economic aid to countries in danger of communist takeover.
E)economic aid to countries devastated by World War II.

Question 15

Which of the following reasons describes the loss of empires after World War II?

A)Wartime loss of control over colonies made it extremely difficult to reestablish authority after the war.
B)Nationalist movements became much stronger during the war.
C)Anticolonialism in the international arena diluted the legitimacy of European empires.
D)The public demanded spending on reconstruction at home.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 16

One of the major trends in the cultural life of postwar Europe was the

A)ever-increasing influence of American pop culture.
B)influence of American politics and economics.
C)ever-increasing influence of traditional European values.
D)influence of European businesses and governments.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 17

Describe the causes and aftermath of the revolutions of 1968.Why did they fail?

Question 18

Savagely satirical novels conveying the surrealism of Central Europe's experience in the twentieth century were written by

A)Ignazio Silone.
B)Alberto Moravia.
C)Roberto Rossellini.
D)Heinrich Böll.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 19

Despite shortages of capital and supplies, the postwar situation in Europe provided some opportunities, such as

A)the need to rebuild factories making it easy to adopt the most efficient methods and latest technology.
B)the displacement of millions of people providing plenty of skilled labor.
C)the need to rebuild transportation networks making it easy to adopt the newest machinery.
D)the backlog of unexploited technology.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 20

Overall, the arts in postwar Europe tended to become less austere and less concerned with formal principles.Nowhere was this more apparent than in

A)novels.
B)architecture.
C)music.
D)painting.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 21

What was the impact of World War II and the Cold War on colonial empires? Were the European powers successful in keeping them intact?

Question 22

Review this chapter's feature entitled "The Soviet Union Denounces the United States While Calling for Arms Reduction." What could the Soviet Union possibly gain from making such a speech to the members of the United Nations, in light of Soviet policies towards Eastern European countries following the war?

Question 23

When Stalin died, the competition for leadership of the Soviet Union involved two principal issues.What were these issues, and how did Khrushchev deal with them?

Question 24

Describe the political shifts that occurred in France, Italy, West Germany and Great Britain in the late 1970s through the early 1980s.

Question 25

Review this chapter's feature entitled "The Soviet Union Denounces the United States While Calling for Arms Reduction." How do you think the members of the Western European community reacted to this speech? Do you think they agreed with Vishinsky's call for a bilateral arms reduction?

Question 26

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: NATO.

Question 27

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Truman Doctrine.

Question 28

Review this chapter's feature entitled "The Soviet Union Denounces the United States While Calling for Arms Reduction." What reasons could be behind Vishinsky's use of such inflammatory language in his speech? Do you think the content is actually meant to create tensions between the U.S.and the United Nations?

Question 29

Review this chapter's feature entitled "The Soviet Union Denounces the United States While Calling for Arms Reduction." After reading this speech, do you think that both the United States and the Soviet Union actually had similar aims regarding the countries they had influence over?

Question 30

Consider the photo of Margaret Thatcher found in this chapter.What did she accomplish as Prime Minister of Great Britain? What brought about her resignation?

Question 31

Review this chapter's feature entitled "The Soviet Union Denounces the United States While Calling for Arms Reduction." By using the "Map of the Third World War" as evidence in his speech, does Vishinsky strengthen his argument that the U.S.is preparing for war with the Soviet Union, or weaken it? Would he have been better served by using evidence of a different nature?

Question 32

Looking at the photo of gasoline lines found in this chapter, describe the aftermath of the energy crisis of 1973.Which political party gained more prominence in Europe after the crisis?

Question 33

In what ways did America influence European culture in the years following World War II?

Question 34

What changes did Pope John XXIII try to bring to the Catholic Church when he called the Vatican II council? Was he successful?

Question 35

How did the Suez Crisis come about and what effect did it have on Great Britain and France?

Question 36

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Marshall Plan.

Question 37

What is the "third world"? How did it come about?

Question 38

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Comecon.

Question 39

How does the photo of the student protestors in the streets of Paris found in this chapter compare to the photo of civilians watching Soviet tanks entering Prague? Contrast the emotions of the protestors, civilians and soldiers in each.

Question 40

What does map 29.1 seen in this chapter suggest about changes in Israel's political boundaries? How have the actions of the surrounding states created these changes?

Question 41

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: goulash socialism.

Question 42

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Warsaw Pact.

Question 43

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Vittorio de Sica.

Question 44

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Cold War.

Question 45

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Pope John XXIII.

Question 46

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Berlin airlift.

Question 47

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Paul Tillich.

Question 48

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: United Nations.

Question 49

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: existentialism.

Question 50

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Heinrich Böll.

Question 51

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: iron curtain.

Question 52

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Vatican II.

Question 53

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Pierre Teilhard de Chardin.

Question 54

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Jean-Paul Sartre.

Question 55

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Bertolt Brecht.

Question 56

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Alberto Moravia.

Question 57

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Henry Moore.

Question 58

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: neorealism.

Question 59

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Roberto Rossellini.

Question 60

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Iganzio Silone.

Question 61

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Frantz Fanon.

Question 62

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Gandhi.

Question 63

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Vietnam.

Question 64

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: François Truffaut.

Question 65

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Jean-Luc Godard.

Question 66

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Khrushchev.

Question 67

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Négritude.

Question 68

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Mustapha Kemal.

Question 69

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Lenin.

Question 70

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: the Fifth Republic.

Question 71

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: de-Stalinization.

Question 72

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: rock and roll.

Question 73

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Commonwealth of Nations.

Question 74

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Rowlatt Acts.

Question 75

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: pieds noirs.

Question 76

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Palestine.

Question 77

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Sun Yat-Sen.

Question 78

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Algeria.

Question 79

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Third World.

Question 80

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Bauhaus school.