Deck 23: States and Nations in the Nineteenth Century, 1830-1870

Question 1

"In 1848 the forces of liberalism, democracy, and nationalism met in a head-on collision.Autocracy and capitalism emerged victorious." Explain this statement.Do you agree or disagree?

Answer 1

Answers will vary

Question 2

The regime of Napoleon III fell in spite of the fact that it

A)curbed the power of the French Church.
B)invested in massive social programs.
C)outlawed the right to strike.
D)established a democratic government.
E)censured the press.

Answer 2

invested in massive social programs.

Question 3

The outcome of the revolutions of 1848 revealed the

A)support of middle-class liberals for the independence of small nationalities such as the Poles and the Venetians.
B)willingness of monarchs to support middle-class demands.
C)split in goals between middle-class and working-class radicals.
D)power of the union of middle- and working-class agendas.
E)All these answers are correct.

Answer 3

split in goals between middle-class and working-class radicals.

Question 4

At the inception of Napoleon III's Second Empire, opposition came from

A)businessmen.
B)the Catholic Church.
C)local notables.
D)monarchists.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 5

The law of 1861 that liberated the Russian serfs also

A)integrated the free peasantry into Russian society.
B)granted the village commune the power to control the movements of the freed serfs.
C)allowed serfs to earn enough from the land they acquired to pay the obligatory purchase price to their former masters.
D)created a prosperous and free peasant class.
E)forced masters to pay compensation to their former serfs.

Question 6

Once in power, Bismarck

A)opposed nationalism.
B)dissolved the parliament.
C)reinstated the parliament.
D)alienated Russia.
E)promoted a free press.

Question 7

Italian unification occurred because

A)of efforts on the part of Piedmontese and Garibaldian troops.
B)the papacy was an active supporter of a strong Italian state.
C)glaring differences between north and south Italy were lessening.
D)the leaders of Piedmont looked to Austria for support in defeating the French.
E)of the need to rectify the south's poverty.

Question 8

The Second Republic

A)was established when Louis-Philippe abdicated.
B)was founded when Louis-Philippe's grandson ascended to the throne.
C)was led by Alphonse de Lamartine.
D)was established when Louis-Philippe abdicated and led by Alphonse de Lamartine.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 9

How did Napoleon III and Bismarck foster loyalty and suppress the opposition? Do their methods explain their popularity?

Question 10

Bismarck's Kulturkampf involved a struggle with

A)German liberals.
B)the Catholic Church.
C)the socialists.
D)German universities.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 11

The nineteenth century saw the invention of

A)photography.
B)the ballet.
C)the novel as a literary form.
D)opera and chamber music.
E)the newspaper.

Question 12

In 1848, French revolutionaries from the middle class and working class were most divided over

A)support for Louis Napoleon Bonaparte.
B)whether the state had an obligation to provide work for the unemployed.
C)whether to implement universal manhood suffrage.
D)whether to have a monarchy or a republic.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 13

The creation of a public culture in nineteenth-century European states was aided by

A)a vast extension of aristocratic patronage.
B)the tendency of authors to write for an audience of intimate friends.
C)the building of many new theaters, museums, and opera houses.
D)the practice of newspapers being funded by subscription rather than advertising.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct match?

A)Verdi and Wagner: composers
B)Dickens and Balzac: poets
C)Liszt and Paganini: novelists
D)Beethoven and Turner: painters
E)Dumas and Paganini: musicians

Question 15

Which countries did NOT experience revolution in 1848?

A)Britain and Italy
B)Hungary and Poland
C)Britain and Russia
D)Russia and France
E)Venice and Hungary

Question 16

Proponents of nationalism in the mid-nineteenth century espoused

A)adopting a common European language.
B)the idea that different peoples had distinct historical character.
C)universal human rights.
D)free trade to promote industrial development.
E)independence from industrialization.

Question 17

As a result of the revolutions of 1848, serfdom was abolished in

A)Austria.
B)Russia.
C)Piedmont.
D)Poland.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 18

Which was NOT among the causes of the Crimean War?

A)Britain's concern about Russian expansion toward Persia and India
B)France's desire to protect Catholics in the Ottoman Empire
C)Russia's desire to protect Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire
D)the Ottoman emperor's desire to expand his control in the Balkan area of Europe
E)British encouragement of Ottoman cooperation with Russia

Question 19

The Franco-Prussian War was provoked by

A)Napoleon III's desire to annex southern Germany.
B)competition over influence in Spain.
C)France's alliance with Austria.
D)conflict over Alsace and Lorraine.
E)competition over influence in Vienna.

Question 20

The principal barrier(s) to Italian unification was/were

A)Austria.
B)Guiseppe Garibaldi.
C)Napoleon III.
D)the papacy.
E)Austria and the papacy.

Question 21

Why did the Crimean War represent a low point in the achievements of Europe in the nineteenth century?

Question 22

Review the feature entitled "Mazzini's Nationalism" in this chapter.What do you think Mazzini thought of Enlightenment individualism?

Question 23

Discuss the connection between the rise of nationalism and the rise of the middle class.

Question 24

Review the feature entitled "Bismarck's Social Program" in this chapter.Was Bismarck's policy motivated by pragmatic or ideological concerns?

Question 25

Define nationalism.What aspects of nationalism can be used by both liberals and conservatives regarding political, economic, and social policy?

Question 26

Review the feature entitled "The Frankfurt Constitution" in this chapter.Could the Constitution be considered a precursor to German unification?

Question 27

Review the feature entitled "The Frankfurt Constitution" in this chapter.How did the Constitution utilize German nationalism to assert its agenda?

Question 28

Review the feature entitled "Bismarck's Social Program" in this chapter.Do you find signs of German nationalism in this passage?

Question 29

Review the feature entitled "Bismarck's Social Program" in this chapter.Why did a conservative nation such as Germany pass liberal laws promoting social welfare?

Question 30

Discuss the changes that took place in European high culture in the nineteenth century.How did they reflect the economic and political changes of the era? Who were the patrons? What changes took place in the role and position of artists in society? What new cultural forms emerged?

Question 31

Consider the illustration in this chapter of the rebuilding of Paris.How do you think Haussmann's plans to rebuild Paris were received?

Question 32

Review the feature entitled "Bismarck's Social Program" in this chapter.What did Bismarck consider to be the limit of state responsibility for social welfare?

Question 33

Review the feature entitled "Mazzini's Nationalism" in this chapter.In what ways is this a romantic document?

Question 34

Examine the factors that led to the outbreak and failure of the revolutions of 1848.How did those factors differ from country to country?

Question 35

Study the photo of the Russian official reading to peasants found in this chapter.What kinds of differences can you detect between the conditions in which peasants lived and the conditions in which officials lived in Russia? How do you think the peasants received the news of their emancipation?

Question 36

Review the feature entitled "Mazzini's Nationalism" in this chapter.Compare and contrast Mazzini's "On the Duties of Man" with the French "The Rights of Man."

Question 37

How was nationalism antithetical to various ideals of the Enlightenment?

Question 38

Review the feature entitled "The Frankfurt Constitution" in this chapter.Which articles and sub-sections were most threatening to the status quo? Why?

Question 39

Review the feature entitled "Mazzini's Nationalism" in this chapter.What, according to Mazzini, is the role of the individual in society?

Question 40

Consider the painting shown in this chapter titled Lamartine Rejects the Red Flag.What was the symbolic significance of the tricolor vs.the red flag? How is the moment of Lamartine's persuasion of the crowd presented here?

Question 41

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: William I.

Question 42

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Franz Joseph I.

Question 43

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Crimean War.

Question 44

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Dual Monarchy.

Question 45

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Balzac.

Question 46

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Louis Napoleon Bonaparte.

Question 47

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: kaiser.

Question 48

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Franco-Prussian War.

Question 49

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Friedrich List.

Question 50

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Alphonse de Lamartine.

Question 51

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Austro-Prussian War.

Question 52

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Second Republic.

Question 53

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Mazzini.

Question 54

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Georges Haussmann.

Question 55

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Victor Emmanuel II.

Question 56

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: the risorgimento.

Question 57

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Kierkegaard.

Question 58

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Expedition of the Thousand.

Question 59

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Verdi.

Question 60

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Louis Blanc.

Question 61

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Piedmont.

Question 62

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: zemstvos.

Question 63

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Congress of Paris.

Question 64

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Dickens.

Question 65

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Second Empire.

Question 66

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Garibaldi.

Question 67

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Frederick William IV.

Question 68

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Flaubert.

Question 69

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Kulturkampf.

Question 70

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Fichte.

Question 71

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: North German Confederation.

Question 72

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Red Shirts.

Question 73

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: German Reich.

Question 74

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Millet.

Question 75

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Wagner.

Question 76

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Felix von Schwarzenberg.

Question 77

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: nationalism.

Question 78

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Reichstag.

Question 79

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Cavour.

Question 80

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Bismarck.