Deck 21: The Age of Napoleon

Question 1

Napoleon's Russian campaign of 1812 was a disaster because

A)before retreating, the Russians burned their lands and resources, thus denying the French their use.
B)the Prussian contingent deserted.
C)guerrilla bands harassed the French army during the entire retreat.
D)Moscow burned, making it a poor place to winter.
E)All these answers are correct.

Answer 1

All these answers are correct.

Question 2

Napoleon was seen by some as an heir of the Revolution because of

A)his commitment to equality of opportunity.
B)his commitment to parliamentary government.
C)his support of local elections.
D)his promotion of freedom of expression.
E)his preference for authoritarianism.

Answer 2

his commitment to equality of opportunity.

Question 3

As a result of Napoleon's attempt to rule Spain

A)300,000 French troops were tied down in the peninsula.
B)Spanish liberals were able to establish representative institutions that survived the French withdrawal.
C)Spain's overseas possessions rallied to her defense.
D)the British abandoned their long-standing alliance with Portugal.
E)30,000 French troops were tied down in the peninsula and Spain's overseas possessions rallied to her defense.

Answer 3

300,000 French troops were tied down in the peninsula.

Question 4

The legend that grew up around Napoleon's life

A)blamed selfish and reactionary adversaries for opposing his progressive ideas.
B)failed to mention how Napoleon had underestimated the historic force of nationalism.
C)acknowledged Napoleon's dictatorship and military aggression, but argued they were necessary to preserve the gains of the French Revolution.
D)both blamed selfish and reactionary adversaries for opposing his progressive ideas and failed to mention how Napoleon had underestimated the historic force of nationalism.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 5

Napoleon's reorganization of central Europe

A)ended the Holy Roman Empire.
B)created a new state known as the "Rhineland."
C)confirmed the abolition of the Polish state.
D)dismembered Prussia.
E)led to the defeat of Nelson at Trafalgar.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT true of Napoleon's Continental System of economic warfare?

A)It gave rise to questions of neutral trading rights that caused tensions between Britain and the United States.
B)It caused unemployment and rioting in Britain.
C)It proved highly effective in stopping trade between the continent and the outside world.
D)It could not really rely on the French navy for enforcement.
E)France lost important sources of raw materials.

Question 7

In 1807, at Tilsit, Napoleon agreed to share predominant influence in Europe with the ruler of

A)Russia.
B)Austria.
C)Prussia.
D)Saxony.
E)Britain.

Question 8

The goal of the Directory was to

A)confine suffrage to the property-owning class.
B)eliminate devices to allow popular participation, such as referenda.
C)eliminate the right to subsistence and free education.
D)both confine suffrage to the property-owning class and eliminate the right to subsistence and free education.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 9

Robespierre fell from power because

A)his enemies decided to act against him.
B)he had lost the fervent support of the sans-culottes.
C)the Convention no longer needed him.
D)moderates had turned against him.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 10

The Spanish

A)organized committees to resist the French.
B)rioted against French troops.
C)established the model for guerrilla warfare fighting against French troops.
D)resisted harsh French pacification tactics.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 11

The Babeuvists

A)were ultra-royalists.
B)advocated conciliation with the Directory.
C)advocated the overthrow of the Directory.
D)opposed revolution.
E)advocated the preservation of certain social hierarchies.

Question 12

To staff his armies Napoleon developed an efficient conscription system that

A)drafted only men of the lower classes.
B)would permit wealthy people to pay a fee in lieu of military service.
C)chose men by lottery.
D)exempted married men.
E)outlawed the use of replacements.

Question 13

The Napoleonic Code

A)granted all citizens the right to equal treatment under the law, freedom of religion, ownership of land, and free choice of occupation.
B)confirmed the 1793 constitution's grant of a right to subsistence.
C)accepted the property and juridical rights that had been granted to women during the Revolution.
D)gave equal rights to illegitimate children.
E)preserved certain feudal privileges.

Question 14

Napoleon first made his reputation as an inspired leader of armies while fighting in

A)France.
B)Italy.
C)Germany.
D)Egypt.
E)Corsica.

Question 15

Which best describes the extent of the disaster that befell the Grand Army in Russia?

A)Only 75,000 of 150,000 survived.
B)Only 250,000 of 500,000 survived.
C)Only 100,000 of 600,000 survived.
D)Only 300,000 of 600,000 survived.
E)Only 100,000 of 300,000 survived.

Question 16

Which of the following provisions did Napoleon's Concordat with the papacy NOT contain?

A)Catholicism was to be the "preferred" religion of France.
B)Non-Catholics were to enjoy religious freedom.
C)Lands confiscated and sold during the Revolution were to be returned to the Church.
D)Primary education was to be controlled by the clergy.
E)The state had the power to regulate the place of the Church in French society.

Question 17

In 1813, Napoleon fell because

A)his father-in-law, Francis, turned against him.
B)his call for new conscripts went unanswered.
C)Prussia allied with Russia.
D)the British reinforced the coalition against him.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 18

Defeat at the hands of Napoleon prompted the Prussian monarchy to

A)create parliamentary institutions to gain support of the people.
B)challenge the Junkers' control of their estates.
C)open some positions in the bureaucracy and the military to non-nobles.
D)abolish the military reserve in favor of a larger full-time army.
E)implement a constitutional system.

Question 19

The Brumaire Coup of 1799 that brought Bonaparte to power was

A)originally planned to establish a republic with civil equality but limited political participation.
B)planned by Napoleon as part of a long-range strategy for seizing power in France.
C)a result of the threat of invasion by Austrian, Prussian, and British forces.
D)necessary because of the fiasco of Napoleon's defeat in Egypt.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 20

The Thermidorian reaction

A)brought greater power to the sans-culottes.
B)acknowledged the need to continue economic controls.
C)forbade social distinctions and conspicuous consumption.
D)ended the popular phase of the Revolution.
E)helped the Jacobins consolidate their power.

Question 21

How did political fatigue and propaganda contribute to the early success of Napoleon?

Question 22

Interpret the symbolism of The Directory Falls between Two Stools pictured in this chapter.

Question 23

"Napoleon saw himself at the vanguard of forward-moving historical forces, but his foreign policies revealed that he failed to understand the realities of economic power based on trade and manufacturing as they were emerging in the early nineteenth century." Consider Napoleon's foreign policy initiatives and evaluate the accuracy of this assessment.

Question 24

Review the feature entitled "Family and Gender Roles under the Napoleonic Civil Code" in this chapter.Did the Civil Code encourage traditional gender roles or gender equality?

Question 25

Review the feature entitled "Spanish Liberals Draft a Constitution, 1812" in this chapter.To what degree did French revolutionary ideas about rights influence this document?

Question 26

How did the Thermidorians and their response to the "Bread and the Constitution" uprising of 1793 represent a return to the ideals of the philosophes during the French Revolution?

Question 27

In the previous chapter, the threat of foreign invasion or its actuality helped save the Revolution.Discuss how foreign intervention similarly created Napoleon and sustained his rule for over a decade.

Question 28

Consider the works by Goya seen in this chapter.How did he portray the conflict? Do you detect any sympathies on his part?

Question 29

Napoleon Bonaparte has been called the last of the enlightened despots.Discuss how his policies and practices resemble those of the enlightened monarchs of the old regime.In what important respects did they differ?

Question 30

Napoleon believed that national loyalties would never rally to the support of traditional regimes when a rational and progressive alternative existed.What evidence from across Europe indicated that he was wrong?

Question 31

The period of rule by the Directory saw the consolidation of a middle-class republican government.What was the nature of this republic? What groups were included in its political spectrum? How did it deal with the issues raised by the social revolution of the year II? Why did the Directory fall?

Question 32

Review the feature entitled "Family and Gender Roles under the Napoleonic Civil Code" in this chapter.Why did Napoleon seek to restore patriarchy within the family? How did the restoration of patriarchy relate to his vision of himself in relation to France and Europe?

Question 33

How does Robespierre Guillotining the Executioner pictured in this chapter corroborate the comment that "revolutions devour their children"?

Question 34

Why did Napoleon court the favor of the Catholic Church yet issue the Concordat of 1801?

Question 35

Describe how Napoleon's regime and policies affected each of the following social groups: peasants; women; urban artisans and workers; middle-class professionals; and aristocrats.

Question 36

Examine map 21.4.How did the geographical course of the Russian Campaign contribute to the destruction of the Grand Army?

Question 37

Consider the scenes of battle depicted within this chapter.Did Napoleon's ideals justify the level of destruction?

Question 38

Discuss Napoleon's legacy.Was he a visionary leader or a tyrant?

Question 39

What do you think contributed more to the Spanish colonial wars of independence: Napoleon's interference with Spanish rule, economic interests, or revolutionary ideals?

Question 40

Review the feature entitled "Spanish Liberals Draft a Constitution, 1812" in this chapter.How did the Spanish Constitution incorporate both revolutionary and traditional political theory and institutions?

Question 41

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Baron Stein.

Question 42

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Duke of Wellington.

Question 43

Review the feature entitled "Napoleon Justifies Himself in 1815" in this chapter.Most autobiographies are self-promoting, but what aspects of Napoleon's defense appear to accurately assess his actions?

Question 44

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Concordat.

Question 45

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: anti-Jacobinism.

Question 46

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Babeuf.

Question 47

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Dos de Mayo.

Question 48

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Corsica.

Question 49

Review the feature entitled "Napoleon Justifies Himself in 1815" in this chapter.Did Napoleon constitute a continuation of the ideals of the French Revolution or a betrayal of those ideals?

Question 50

Review the feature entitled "Napoleon Justifies Himself in 1815" in this chapter.In what ways was Napoleon a product of the Enlightenment? In what ways did he depart from Enlightenment ideals and rationality?

Question 51

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Simón Bol'var.

Question 52

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Treaty of Amiens.

Question 53

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Battle of Austerlitz.

Question 54

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: First Consul.

Question 55

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Alexander I.

Question 56

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Thermidorian reaction.

Question 57

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: draft lottery.

Question 58

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: the Napoleonic legend.

Question 59

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Battle of Jena.

Question 60

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Brumaire coup.

Question 61

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Grand Army.

Question 62

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Battle of Trafalgar.

Question 63

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Joséphine de Beauharnais.

Question 64

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: juntas.

Question 65

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: the Directory.

Question 66

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Treaty of Pressburg.

Question 67

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Napoleon Bonaparte.

Question 68

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Neo-Jacobins.

Question 69

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Marie Louise.

Question 70

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Battle of Leipzig.

Question 71

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Borodino.

Question 72

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: lycées.

Question 73

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: prefect.

Question 74

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Third Coalition.

Question 75

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Cortes of Cádiz.

Question 76

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Creoles.

Question 77

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Manuel de Godoy.

Question 78

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Metternich.

Question 79

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Continental System.

Question 80

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Napoleonic Code.