Deck 3: Culture and Business

Question 1

Culture influences communication and,therefore,affects business if one is sourcing from different countries.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Cross-cultural understanding means persuading individuals from other cultures to convert to ones' own point of view.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Ethical behavior refers to behavior that is generally accepted across cultures.

Answer 3

Fals e

Question 4

Local culture,values,and customs play an insignificant role in the business environment.

Question 5

Ethics is a branch of philosophy that seeks to address questions about morality.

Question 6

Concepts like time and ethics are objective in nature that do not vary from one culture to another.

Question 7

The Western languages follow the traditional and the more singular definition of culture,where the word often implies refinement.

Question 8

Understanding culture is important in determining the success of a business because different cultures have business practices,communication,and management styles that are different from those to which you are accustomed.

Question 9

Edward T.Hall is sometimes called the father of modern cross-cultural science and thinking.

Question 10

According to Geert Hofstede,values are mostly conscious.

Question 11

Culture influences our individual perspectives to such a great extent that we cannot always account for or comprehend its influence.

Question 12

Culture awareness most commonly refers to the automatic acceptance of another culture's values and perspective.

Question 13

In high power distance cultures,superiors and subordinates are more likely to see each other as equal in power.

Question 14

Even though people are focused on the bottom line,culture plays a crucial role in deciding with whom they do business.

Question 15

Today's philosophers divide ethical theories into eight general subject areas.

Question 16

Cultural programming plays an insignificant role in the shaping of values.

Question 17

The highest hurdle to cross-cultural understanding and effective relationships is our frequent inability to understand the influence of culture on the personality.

Question 18

Individualism refers to people's tendency to take care of themselves and their immediate circle of family and friends,perhaps at the expense of the overall society.

Question 19

Culture is the beliefs,values,mind-sets,and practices of a group of people.

Question 20

Preconceived notions help in successfully conducting business with people from other cultures.

Question 21

_____ most commonly refers to having an understanding of the values and the perspective of another culture.

A)Culture awareness
B)Cultural cringe
C)Cultural acceptance
D)Ethnocentrism
E)Uncertainty avoidance

Question 22

_____ is defined as broad preferences of one state of affairs over the other.
a.Ethnocentrism
b.Values
c.Esthetics
d.Altruism
e.Collectivism
b;

Question 23

A person's identity and unique physical,mental,and emotional characteristics defines the:

A)value system of the individual.
B)subculture to which an individual belongs.
C)nationality of the individual.
D)personality of the individual.
E)culture of the individual.

Question 24

In some cultures,where companies are seen as "guardians," efforts to lay off employees may be perceived as culturally unethical.

Question 25

Cultures and values are:

A)stagnant by nature.
B)irrelevant in the world of business.
C)hindrances to economic development.
D)constantly evolving in nature.
E)not influenced by media and technology.

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true about individualistic cultures?

A)Group goals take precedence over individual goals.
B)Individual effort is appreciated and applauded.
C)Individual effort is criticized and looked down upon.
D)Collectivism is held in high esteem.
E)Individual rights and identity take a back-seat.

Question 27

_____ refers to people's tendency to take care of themselves and their immediate circle of family and friends,perhaps at the expense of the overall society.

A)Individualism
B)Collectivism
C)Masculinity
D)Power distance
E)Uncertainty avoidance

Question 28

In Swedish cultures,both genders swap roles and the focus is on quality of life,service,and independence.Sweden serves as an example of a(n):

A)masculine culture.
B)individualistic culture.
C)collectivistic culture.
D)low context culture.
E)feminine culture.

Question 29

One of the main jobs of managers in multinational companies is:

A)to discourage multiculturalism.
B)to encourage the takeover of the company culture by the local culture.
C)to replace the local culture by the company culture.
D)to ensure the coexistence of the local culture with the company culture.
E)to insulate the employees from the local culture.

Question 30

Geert Hofstede is a(n) _____ who focused on a comparison of nations using a statistical analysis of two unique databases.

A)social psychologist
B)statistician
C)historian
D)anthropologist
E)physiologist

Question 31

The term "national culture" refers to:

A)the culture which had been prevalent for more than two centuries.
B)the culture which is implemented by the government in power.
C)the regional cultures in the neighboring countries.
D)the culture of a nation wherever it exists irrespective of boundaries.
E)the dominant culture of a particular nation.

Question 32

In theory,most global firms have clear guidelines articulating antidiscrimination policies whereas in reality,they routinely self-censor.

Question 33

In _____ cultures,self-realization is counted as among the most important attributes.

A)individualistic
B)collectivist
C)long-term orientation
D)masculine
E)low context

Question 34

Even within a specific culture,individuals have different ideas of what constitutes ethical or unethical behavior.

Question 35

Values are usually acquired early in life and are often:

A)nonrational.
B)voluntary.
C)rational.
D)inborn.
E)free from cultural influences.

Question 36

???_____ refers to how openly a society or culture accepts or does not accept differences between people,as in hierarchies in the workplace,in politics.

A)Power distance
B)Individualism
C)Uncertainty avoidance
D)Proxemics
E)Collectivism

Question 37

Bribery can be considered ethical by some cultures,if it is a part of normal traditional,social practices.

Question 38

In the United States of America,children strike out on their own at a very early age.They pay for their own housing and education.The American society serves as an example of a(n):

A)masculine culture.
B)individualistic culture.
C)collectivistic culture.
D)feminine culture.
E)culture with long-term orientation.

Question 39

"Guanxi" refers to:

A)the personal connections which are essential for doing business in China.
B)the sub-cultural groups that exist in China.
C)the dominant cultural group that decides Chinese culture.
D)the cultural differences between Taiwan and China.
E)the department responsible for implementing cultural practices in China.

Question 40

A culture which openly accepts that a boss is "higher" and as such deserves more formal respect and authority is a culture with:

A)high individuality.
B)low masculinity.
C)high masculinity.
D)low power distance.
E)high power distance.

Question 41

_____ is that branch of philosophy that seeks to address questions about morality.

A)Proxemics
B)Ethics
C)Egoism
D)Esthetics
E)Ethnocentrism

Question 42

The tendency of people to do several things at the same time is reflected in a:

A)polychronic culture.
B)high context culture.
C)long-term orientation culture.
D)monochronic culture.
E)collectivist culture.

Question 43

In family-owned businesses in Latin America,the _____ tends to retain the key decision making roles.

A)hierarch
B)patriarch
C)officially appointed head
D)board of directors
E)trierarch b; Moderate

Question 44

The specific values included in Hofstede's research is referred to as:

A)value dimensions.
B)value system.
C)uncertainty avoidance.
D)individualism.
E)ethnocentrism.

Question 45

In low-context cultures,

A)standing distances between people shrink.
B)people tend to be explicit and direct in their communications.
C)the physical context of the message carries a great deal of importance.
D)body language is as important as the actual words spoken.
E)people tend to do one task at a time.

Question 46

People who have low uncertainty avoidance prefer:

A)to take on risks.
B)to steer clear of conflict and competition.
C)to exhibit less aggressiveness.
D)stability and the known.
E)very clear instructions.

Question 47

The view that a person's own culture is central and other cultures are measured in relation to it is referred to as:

A)consequentialism.
B)utilitarianism.
C)ethnocentrism.
D)collectivism.
E)individualism.

Question 48

In the East,looking into someone's eyes implies:

A)lack of confidence.
B)confidence.
C)attraction.
D)respect.
E)disrespect.

Question 49

The study which focuses on space and distance between people as they interact is called:

A)collectivism.
B)power distance.
C)uncertainty avoidance.
D)ethnocentrism.
E)proxemics.

Question 50

_____ is the ethical theory,which investigates where our ethical principles come from,and what they mean.

A)Ethnocentrism
B)Applied ethics
C)Normative ethics
D)Metaethics
E)Proxemics

Question 51

Normative ethics involves:

A)establishing moral standards that regulate right and wrong conduct.
B)investigating where our ethical principles come from,and what they mean.
C)examining specific controversial issues,such as animal rights and environmental concerns.
D)making a comparative analysis of cross-cultural moral standards.
E)establishing the supremacy of moral standards of the Western school of thought.

Question 52

What of the following statements is true of the Reformation and Enlightenment?

A)They focus on practicality and profitability rather than being ethical.
B)They focus on equality and individual rights.
C)They focus on monarchy and divine rights.
D)They focus on the preeminence of the state.
E)They focus on discrimination based on race and ethnicity.

Question 53

_____ is a renowned anthropologist who is best noted for three principal categories (context,space,and time) that analyze and interpret how communications and interactions between cultures differ.

A)Geert Hofstede
B)Edward T.Hall
C)Claude Lévi-Strauss
D)Jane Goodall
E)Peter Loizoss

Question 54

The tendency to do one task at a time is seen in:

A)low context cultures.
B)monochronic cultures
C)high context cultures.
D)polychronic cultures.
E)collectivist cultures.

Question 55

The Enlightenment promoted a set of values in which _____,not religion,was advocated as the primary source for legitimacy and authority.

A)beliefs
B)reason
C)cultural values
D)faith
E)ethnic background

Question 56

In cultures where organizations are seen as "guardians," any effort to lay off employees:

A)is considered unlawful.
B)invites penalties from the government.
C)is considered unethical.
D)is considered discriminatory.
E)means disrespect to the cultural beliefs.

Question 57

People in Northern Europe and North America tend to schedule one event at a time.They serve as an example of a(n) _____.

A)polychronic culture.
B)monochronic culture.
C)individualistic culture.
D)culture with high power distance.
E)culture with low uncertainty avoidance.

Question 58

Applied ethics involves:

A)investigating where our ethical principles come from and what they mean.
B)making a comparative analysis of cross-cultural moral standards.
C)establishing moral standards that regulate right and wrong conduct.
D)focusing on the issues of universal truths,the will of God.
E)examining specific controversial issues.

Question 59

_____ refers to "giving or obtaining advantage through means which are illegitimate,immoral,and/or inconsistent with one's duty or the rights of others."

A)Reformation
B)Abolition
C)Altruism
D)Corruption
E)Abjection

Question 60

Uncertainty avoidance in a culture refers to:

A)whether a culture has a long-term or short-term orientation.
B)people's tendency to take care of themselves at the expense of the society.
C)the degree of risk a society or culture is willing to accept.
D)the degree to which gender roles are crisply defined in a culture.
E)the study of physical space and people.

Question 61

How do ethics impact business management practices?

Question 62

How does ethnocentrism color our opinions about individuals from other cultures?

Question 63

How does the Latin business culture differ from that of North America and Europe?

Question 64

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act refers to the:

A)UN law that specifically bans any form of glass ceiling.
B)European Union law that specifically bans any form of discrimination.
C)UN law that specifically bans any form of tax evasion.
D)U.S.law that specifically bans any form of bribery.
E)Indian law specifying guidelines for gift giving.

Question 65

Culture is a slave neither to geographical barriers nor to the political boundaries drawn by man.Do you agree with the statement? Substantiate.

Question 66

How can we effectively deal with the problems of cross-cultural interaction?

Question 67

Which are the other external factors that constitute a culture apart from the ones stated by Hofstede and Hall?

Question 68

Which areas of business are affected by culture?

Question 69

Ethics as a concept is culture specific.Discuss.

Question 70

French companies show a preference for low-risk decisions and the employees prefer sharply defined rules and rituals to get tasks completed.This serves as an example of a(n):

A)masculine culture.
B)culture with high uncertainty avoidance.
C)culture with long-term orientation.
D)collectivistic culture.
E)individualistic culture.

Question 71

Which of the following is true about gift giving?

A)It is formalized and structured in the American countries.
B)It is formalized and structured in Japan and China.
C)It is illegal and a punishable offence in Japan and China.
D)It is nonexistent for business purposes in European culture.
E)It is not prevalent in Middle Eastern culture.

Question 72

What is the source of the value system that every individual possesses?

Question 73

A Japanese automobile manufacturer manufactures a faulty piece of gearing instrument,which leads to a number of accidents.The organization recalls the faulty instrument from the market and the CEO apologizes to the customers.This is representative of a(n):

A)individualistic culture.
B)collectivistic culture.
C)culture with long-term orientation.
D)culture with short-term orientation.
E)masculine culture.

Question 74

What is the study of Proxemics?

Question 75

Language is one of the more conspicuous expressions of culture.Explain.

Question 76

_____ is the technical term to define corporate conscience wherein organizations monitor and ensure their active compliance with the spirit of the law,ethical standards,and international norms.

A)Corporate goodwill
B)Corporate image
C)Corporate social responsibility
D)Proxemics
E)Reformation

Question 77

Grease payments refer to:

A)legalized payments to establish a business relationship.
B)penalties paid by organizations for unethical behavior.
C)financial incentives given to ethical companies in some countries.
D)small inducements intended to expedite decisions.
E)ethical business strategies used by corporate houses.

Question 78

What is organizational culture?

Question 79

Which are the areas that one needs to take care of when doing business with individuals from other cultures?

Question 80

Define culture.