Deck 9: Corporate Strategy: Strategic Alliances, Mergers and Acquisitions

Question 1

When large, incumbent firms buy startup companies, the transaction is generally described as a(n)_____.

A) joint venture
B) partnership
C) acquisition
D) alliance

Answer 1

C
Explanation: A large difference in firm size is one key distinction between mergers and acquisitions. When large, incumbent firms such as the Tata Group, GE, or Microsoft buy startup companies, the transaction is generally described as an acquisition.

Question 2

Which of the following is a result of horizontal integration in terms of Porter's five forces model?

A) The industry structure becomes less consolidated.
B) There is a reduction of excess capacity in the market.
C) The industry structure becomes potentially less profitable.
D) There is an increase in rivalry among existing firms.

Answer 2

B
Explanation: Horizontal integration changes the underlying industry structure in favor of the surviving firms. Excess capacity is taken out of the market, and competition tends to decrease as a consequence of horizontal integration, assuming no new entrants.

Question 3

Which of the following is a disadvantage of a horizontal integration corporate strategy?

A) It increases competitive intensity within an industry.
B) It increases the potential for legal repercussions.
C) It increases the costs associated with increasing value.
D) It increases the threat of new entrants in an industry.

Answer 3

B
Explanation: Disadvantages of horizontal integration include reduced flexibility and increased potential for legal repercussions.

Question 4

Google, the leader in online search and advertisement, engaged in a number of smaller acquisitions of tech ventures.It did this in order to:

A) imitate the actions of its competitors like Apple and Facebook.
B) solve its principal-agent problems.
C) fill gaps in its competency lineup.
D) expand through unrelated diversification.

Question 5

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates horizontal integration?

A) Regal Autos Inc. enters into a licensing contract with a distributor in a new international market.
B) Regal Autos Inc. acquires a component parts manufacturer who previously supplied to Regal Autos' competitor.
C) Regal Autos Inc. sets up its own distribution channel and retail stores.
D) Regal Autos Inc. joins with Marcus Motors Inc., one of its direct competitors.

Question 6

PureSource Pharma Inc.recently acquired BioChem Pharmaceuticals Inc.It now sells its own products along with the products originally sold by BioChem Pharmaceuticals.As a result, PureSource Pharma's sales force will also be marketing the acquired company's products.How will this horizontal integration most likely affect PureSource Pharma?

A) PureSource Pharma will lower its costs through economies of scale.
B) PureSource Pharma will diminish its economic value creation.
C) PureSource Pharma will increase its cost of distribution.
D) PureSource Pharma will reduce the size of its sales force.

Question 7

Titan Autos Inc.merged with its competitor, Cadvia Autos Inc.This allowed Titan Autos to use its technological competencies along with Cadvia Autos's marketing capabilities to capture a larger market share than what the two entities individually held.What does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Backward integration
B) Forward integration
C) Horizontal integration
D) Vertical integration

Question 8

How does horizontal integration within an industry affect the surviving firms?

A) By increasing the threat the surviving firms will face from new entrants
B) By strengthening the rivalry among existing firms
C) By requiring the surviving firms to shift their focus from non-price to price competition
D) By strengthening the bargaining power of the surviving firms vis-à-vis suppliers and buyers

Question 9

The Hershey Company, the largest U.S.chocolate manufacturer, decided to enter the Chinese market in 2013 because:

A) the U.S. population was growing slowly and becoming more health conscious.
B) its strategic position in the U.S. market was well protected through high entry barriers.
C) this would help the company gain access to large cocoa plantations in China.
D) Hershey's main strategic focus was on product and market diversification and not on the domestic market.

Question 10

It is necessary for government authorities such as the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)and/or the European Commission to approve any large horizontal integration activity because:

A) the horizontal integration activity changes the industry structure from oligopolistic to monopolistically competitive.
B) the surviving firms will need to be protected against the increasing bargaining power of the suppliers.
C) the horizontal integration activity has the potential to reduce competitive intensity in an industry.
D) the surviving firms will need protection against the relaxed entry barriers.

Question 11

Which of the following is true of acquisitions?

A) Acquisitions can be friendly or hostile.
B) Acquisitions can occur only when the involved entities are of comparable size.
C) In acquisitions, two independent companies join to form a separate third entity.
D) Acquisitions increase the competitive intensity in an industry.

Question 12

When does a merger between companies typically occur?

A) When two firms of comparable size join to form a combined entity
B) When large, incumbent firms buy startup companies
C) When a target firm does not want to be acquired
D) When two or more firms enter a temporary vertical strategic alliance

Question 13

The success of the Pixar-Disney strategic alliance demonstrated that:

A) Disney was in desperate need of Pixar's graphic display systems.
B) the two entities' complementary assets matched.
C) it was easier for the alliance partners to reduce the value gap created.
D) the companies were effectively managing an unrelated diversification strategy.

Question 14

The main reason behind Google's decision to acquire the Israeli startup company Waze for $1 billion was to:

A) preempt its competitors from buying Waze.
B) share its capabilities with Waze.
C) support startup companies with venture capital.
D) gain access to technology that is alien to it.

Question 15

Which of the following reasons motivated Facebook to acquire Instagram, a photo and video-sharing social media site, for $1 billion in 2012?

A) The desire to gain a new capability
B) The need to enter a new geographical market
C) The need to reduce its level of horizontal integration
D) The desire to pursue an unrelated diversification strategy

Question 16

Which of the following best illustrates a merger between the two companies GD Inc.and VS Inc.?

A) GD Inc. purchases VS Inc. for $80 billion despite VS Inc. being against the purchase.
B) GD Inc. and VS Inc. join together to form a third new entity, while they also operate separately.
C) GD Inc. outsources a few of its business activities to VS Inc. for competitive advantage.
D) GD Inc. and VS Inc. join together to form a single new company called GDVS Inc.

Question 17

How does Kraft Foods benefit from its hostile takeover of Cadbury PLC in 2010?

A) Its main strategic focus is now on the domestic market.
B) It opens a market for it that is growing slowly but has high profit margins.
C) It has access to convenience stores and a new distribution channel.
D) It automatically gains monopoly in the chocolate-manufacturing industry.

Question 18

The Mansion Hotel Group purchased Red Brick Hotels for an estimated value of $120 billion.All the hotels previously owned by Red Brick Hotels are now managed by the Mansion Hotel Group and are known as Mansion hotels.What does this scenario best illustrate?

A) A merger
B) A joint venture
C) An acquisition
D) An equity alliance

Question 19

How did the recent horizontal integration in the U.S.airline industry provide benefits to the surviving carriers?

A) By facilitating excess capacity in the industry
B) By preventing mergers from taking place
C) By lowering competitive intensity in the industry overall
D) By increasing the threat of entry in the industry

Question 20

Disney became the world's leading media company to a large extent by pursuing a corporate strategy of _____.

A) related-linked diversification
B) cost-leadership
C) unrelated diversification
D) hostile takeovers

Question 21

While Cisco Systems has been successful in selecting and buying both big and small technology ventures, HP had to write off some of its recent technology acquisitions.Which of the following statements best explains this scenario?

A) Cisco was successful due to its unrelated diversification, whereas HP failed by pursuing a related-linked diversification strategy.
B) Cisco treated the management of the larger firms it took over more like acquisitions, whereas HP treated its acquisitions as strategic alliances.
C) The acquisitions were successful as the learning and experience curve effects were low.
D) Acquisition and integration capabilities were not equally distributed across firms.

Question 22

A _____ is best described as an approach to strategic decision making that breaks down a larger investment decision into a set of smaller decisions that are staged sequentially over time.

A) cost-leadership approach
B) break-even analysis
C) market risk framework
D) real-options perspective

Question 23

The _____ is a strategic management framework that proposes that critical resources and capabilities frequently are embedded in strategic alliances that span firm boundaries.

A) real-options perspective
B) stakeholder strategy
C) relational view of competitive advantage
D) non-differentiation strategy

Question 24

What does the relational view of competitive advantage propose?

A) A strategic alliance has the potential to help a firm gain a competitive advantage when it joins together resources that are common, inexpensive, and easy to imitate.
B) The locus of competitive advantage is often not found within the individual firm but within a strategic partnership.
C) Strategic alliances fail to provide competitive advantage when they involve joining different parts of a firm's value chain, such as R&D and marketing.
D) A firm has a competitive advantage over its rivals when it can provide goods or services similar to the competitors' at a higher price.

Question 25

How did the strategic alliance between HP and DreamWorks Animation SKG affect HP?

A) It helped HP pursue a taper integration strategy.
B) It enabled HP to compete head on with Cisco's videoconferencing solution.
C) It resulted in depreciation of HP's shareholder value.
D) It failed because HP lacked the expertise in selecting and integrating technology acquisitions.

Question 26

Adidas acquired Reebok primarily to _____.

A) overcome its competitive disadvantage against Nike
B) get access to the superior technology of Reebok
C) overcome its principal-agent problems
D) pursue an unrelated diversification strategy

Question 27

The managers at Movo Automobile Inc.want to diversify their business by acquiring a consumer electronics company.This acquisition would mean increased job security, higher compensation, and greater decision-making authority for the managers.The managers correlate this acquisition to greater power for them rather than to the appreciation in shareholder value.In this scenario, this acquisition by Movo Automobile is most likely a result of:

A) time compression diseconomies.
B) experience-curve effects.
C) principal-agent problems.
D) resource ambiguity.

Question 28

How did Apple plan to attack Amazon's stronghold in the e-reader market?

A) It orchestrated a web of strategic alliances with major publishing houses.
B) It directly imitated Amazon's Kindle product technology.
C) It acquired startup publishing houses prior to launching its iPad product.
D) It sold e-books at prices lesser than that of Amazon.

Question 29

Vibgyor Inc., a manufacturer of smartphones, has entered into a 15-year partnership with a software company to develop sophisticated operating systems and innovative mobile applications for its cell phones.This would mean that both the companies will have to mutually share their resources, knowledge, and capabilities to develop a superior product.What is the relationship between Vibgyor and the software company best referred to as in this scenario?

A) An acquisition
B) A strategic alliance
C) A leveraged buyout
D) A proprietorship

Question 30

What did Microsoft do to gain a foothold in the online search and advertising market dominated by Google?

A) It acquired Yahoo.
B) It entered into a strategic alliance with Yahoo.
C) It sold part of its equity to Yahoo.
D) It outsourced its non-core business activities to Yahoo.

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true of strategic alliances?

A) They are always focused on joining the same value chain activities.
B) They enable firms to achieve goals faster, but at higher costs.
C) They are known as strategic alliances whether or not they have the potential to affect a firm's competitive advantage.
D) They are most beneficial when they join together resources and knowledge in a combination that obeys the VRIO principles.

Question 32

Why did Yahoo enter into a strategic alliance with Microsoft?

A) To pursue an unrelated diversification strategy
B) To overcome its competitive disadvantage in comparison to Google
C) To invest its excess cash flow in Microsoft's superior technology
D) To share its continuously updated search technology with Microsoft

Question 33

FlyOne Airway's decision to acquire TrueGear Fuels Inc.proved to be ill-fated because its managers had overestimated their abilities and skills.They believed that they had the skills to manage such diversified businesses and create additional shareholder value.However, the acquisition failed to create the anticipated synergies because the managers' capabilities were restricted to the airlines industry.What does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Managerial empathy
B) Managerial feasibility
C) Managerial hubris
D) Managerial capitalism

Question 34

A drawback involved in using cross-border strategic alliances to enter new foreign markets is that:

A) the foreign firm will need to make larger investments when compared to entering the new market on its own.
B) some of the firm's proprietary know-how may be appropriated by the foreign partner.
C) all potential business risks in the new market will have to be faced alone by the foreign firm.
D) the shareholder value of the foreign partner will decline drastically.

Question 35

How did Apple's e-book business model affect Amazon?

A) Amazon had to further reduce the prices of its e-books.
B) The bargaining power of suppliers, the content providers, increased from Amazon's perspective.
C) The industry structure changed from oligopoly to monopoly.
D) Amazon acquired the power to set the sales prices of e-books directly for the end consumers.

Question 36

In 1990, Roche, a Swiss pharmaceutical company, initially invested $2.1 billion to purchase a controlling interest in the biotech startup Genentech.In 2009, after witnessing the success of Genentech's drug discovery and development projects, Roche spent $47 billion to purchase the remaining minority interest in Genentech, making it a wholly owned subsidiary.In terms of strategic alliances, this scenario best indicates _____.

A) the real-options perspective
B) co-opetition
C) explicit knowledge
D) the stakeholder strategy

Question 37

To position itself more strongly after the 2001 bursting of the Internet and tech stock bubble, Cisco Systems embarked on a(n)_____.

A) harvest strategy
B) acquisitions-led growth strategy
C) unrelated diversification strategy
D) exit strategy

Question 38

Fervana Autos Inc., a large automobile company, made an initial small investment in a startup company that was developing a solar-powered car.This gave Fervana Autos controlling interests in the startup company.However, Fervana Autos had no obligations to make continued investments in the experiments of the startup company.It could invest in small amounts depending on the new product's success at each stage of its development.If the product proved to be successful, Fervana Autos would have the right to buyout the startup company.This approach to strategic alliance is referred to as _____.

A) a break-even analysis
B) a real-options perspective
C) credible commitment
D) transaction cost economics

Question 39

A _____ is best described as a voluntary arrangement between firms that involves the sharing of knowledge, resources, and capabilities with the intent of developing processes, products, or services.

A) proprietorship
B) cooperative
C) strategic alliance
D) leveraged buyout

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a reason why firms enter alliances?

A) To replace competitive advantage with competitive parity
B) To strengthen competitive position
C) To enter new markets, either in terms of geography or products and services
D) To learn new capabilities

Question 41

In a strategic alliance, the firm that learns faster:

A) has the tendency to lose its competitive advantage.
B) has the incentive to reduce its knowledge sharing.
C) has the tendency to move up a learning curve.
D) has the incentive to invest further in the alliance.

Question 42

Supply, distribution, and licensing contractual agreements between firms, which result in vertical strategic alliances, are all examples of _____.

A) cartel arrangements
B) non-equity alliances
C) joint ventures
D) equity alliances

Question 43

Aro Shoes Inc.and Mova Shoes Inc., two competing shoe brands, entered into a strategic alliance to study and acquire each other competencies.Aro Shoes entered the strategic alliance to acquire the production system pioneered by Mova Shoes.Similarly, Mova Shoes agreed to the strategic alliance to study the designing process of Aro Shoes.However, Aro Shoes was more successful and faster than Mova Shoes in accomplishing its alliance goal.What does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Network effects
B) Economies of scope
C) Learning races
D) Time compression diseconomies

Question 44

FR Pharmaceuticals Inc., BioCure Pharma Inc., and Regime Pharma Inc.are three rival firms who have set up an alliance to conduct research and find a cure for cancer.They have made almost equal contributions to the research, and they also share their expertise with each other.However, the three firms will continue to behave as competitors in markets for other drugs and vaccines.What is this arrangement best referred to as?

A) Takeover
B) Buyout
C) Co-opetition
D) Acquisition

Question 45

Which of the following is an advantage of non-equity alliances?

A) They produce strong ties between alliance partners as they are permanent in nature.
B) They are flexible and easy to initiate and terminate.
C) They facilitate the sharing of tacit knowledge between the alliance partners.
D) They are based on ownership rather than contracts.

Question 46

A(n)_____ occurs when firms enter into a partnership based on contractual agreements, which results in vertical strategic alliances, that connect different parts of the industry value chain.

A) equity alliance
B) joint venture
C) non-equity alliance
D) greenfield venture

Question 47

When North Autos Inc.wanted to sell its cars in the country of Balvia, it lacked access to distribution channels and marketing expertise in the country.Thus, North Autos had to enter into a strategic alliance with a local automobile company to get access to the foreign partner's well-established distribution channels.Which of the following reasons for entering into a strategic alliance is best illustrated in this scenario?

A) Increasing competitive intensity
B) Accessing critical complementary assets
C) Procuring additional capital investments
D) Reducing differentiation of product and service offerings

Question 48

With regard to New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc.(NUMMI), why did General Motors (GM)enter into a strategic alliance with Toyota?

A) To transfer its knowledge of a completely new production system
B) To learn the lean manufacturing system pioneered by Toyota
C) To better understand the American work force
D) To get access to Toyota's distribution system and marketing expertise

Question 49

Amiware Inc., a manufacturer of ceramic cookware, has entered into a contractual agreement with Micoware Inc.The agreement involves vertical strategic alliances connecting different parts of the industry value chain.This arrangement between the two companies best illustrates a(n)_____.

A) joint venture
B) acquisition
C) non-equity alliance
D) greenfield venture

Question 50

When entering a foreign market, it is advisable for a new venture that has a core competency only in R&D to form a strategic alliance with a local partner because:

A) the local partner can better protect its proprietary know-how.
B) building downstream complementary assets can be expensive and time-consuming.
C) the strategic alliance will reduce the differentiation of its product and service offerings.
D) the value gap created by the firm can be easily lowered in an alliance.

Question 51

New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc.(NUMMI), formed between General Motors (GM)and Toyota in 1984 was the first _____ in the U.S.automobile industry.

A) joint venture
B) non-equity alliance
C) hostile takeover
D) equity alliance

Question 52

How does taking a real-options perspective by entering strategic alliances help incumbent firms?

A) It helps the incumbent firms gain the confidence of the partnering company by making credible commitments.
B) It helps the incumbent firms reduce the value gap they create through their product and service offerings.
C) It allows the incumbent firms to buy time and wait for the uncertainty surrounding the market and technology to fade.
D) It reduces the incumbent firms' cost of acquisition by enabling them to make the entire investment decision in the beginning itself.

Question 53

_____ are best described as situations in which both partners in a strategic alliance are motivated to form an alliance for learning, but the rate at which the firms learn may vary.

A) Learning races
B) Learning networks
C) Learning effects
D) Learning matrices

Question 54

_____ are best described as contractual alliances in which the participants regularly exchange codified knowledge.

A) Cartels
B) Licensing agreements
C) Equity alliances
D) Acquisitions

Question 55

_____ is best described as cooperation by competitors to achieve a strategic objective.

A) Limited liability
B) Proprietorship
C) Co-opetition
D) Commerce

Question 56

Which of the following statements is true of explicit knowledge?

A) Explicit knowledge is about knowing how to do a certain task.
B) Explicit knowledge is knowledge that cannot be codified.
C) Explicit knowledge is shared in non-equity alliance firms.
D) Equity knowledge is acquired only through actively participating in a process.

Question 57

In a non-equity alliance, which of the following types of information would firms most likely share?

A) A manager's knowledge related to solving non-routine problems
B) A top-level manager's experience related to making strategic decisions
C) The documented information about the material composition of a product
D) The employees' entrepreneurial skills

Question 58

Which of the following is a disadvantage of equity alliances?

A) They are reflective of weaker ties between firms.
B) They do not permit the exchange of explicit knowledge.
C) They can bring about a lack of commitment.
D) They can entail significant investments.

Question 59

Which of the following best illustrates a non-equity alliance?

A) A contractual agreement that provides Motor Source Inc. non-exclusive rights to supply component parts to Pristine Autos Inc.
B) An alliance between RedGate Systems Inc. and DB Computers Inc. that results in DB Gate Inc., an independent third company
C) A collusion between two competitors, RP Pharma Inc. and Vital Pharma Inc., to fix prices
D) An alliance that allows Virtue Insurance Inc. to claim 49 percent ownership in Mercury Finance Inc.

Question 60

In the New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc.(NUMMI)joint venture, why did Toyota enter into a strategic alliance with General Motors (GM)?

A) To access GM's completely new production system
B) To learn and implement the just-in-time inventory system pioneered by GM
C) To learn how to implement its lean manufacturing program with an American work force
D) To access GM's distribution system and marketing expertise

Question 61

Which of the following best illustrates an equity alliance?

A) A contractual agreement that provides Ocia Pharma Inc. the exclusive rights to distribute the drugs of Marvel Pharma Inc. in the Asian market
B) An alliance between GoldWing Systems Inc. and GM Computers Inc. that results in GM Wing Inc., an independent third company
C) A collusion between two competitors, Torque Steels Inc. and Vizor Metals Inc., to fix prices
D) A partnership in which RedGate Insurance Inc. has a 40 percent ownership claim in TwinTrust Finance Inc.

Question 62

Which of the following is an advantage of joint ventures?

A) They create strong ties, trust, and commitment between the partners.
B) They are based on contractual agreements rather than partial ownership.
C) They require the lowest amount of investment relative to the other alliance types.
D) They can be easily initiated and terminated.

Question 63

Which of the following statements is true of an equity alliance?

A) An equity alliance is based on contractual agreements rather than partial ownership.
B) In an equity alliance, the partners frequently exchange personnel to make the acquisition of tacit knowledge possible.
C) In an equity alliance, a standalone organization is created that is jointly owned by two or more parent companies.
D) An equity alliance creates weaker ties between the alliance partners when compared to a non-equity alliance.

Question 64

Equity alliances are less common than non-equity alliances because they:

A) depend on contractual agreements.
B) produce weaker ties between partners.
C) fail to facilitate the transfer of tacit knowledge.
D) often require larger investments.

Question 65

Dow Corning is a company owned by Dow Chemical and Corning.This is most likely an example of a(n)_____.

A) equity alliance
B) sole proprietorship
C) non-equity alliance
D) joint venture

Question 66

Which of the following types of strategic alliances is the least common in terms of frequency?

A) Mergers
B) Acquisitions
C) Equity alliances
D) Joint ventures

Question 67

A drawback of joint ventures is that they are characterized by:

A) involuntary mergers.
B) double reporting lines.
C) contractual agreements rather than ownership.
D) weak ties between alliance partners.

Question 68

Toyota's President, Akio Toyoda, hopes that a transfer of tacit knowledge will take place through its equity alliance with Tesla Motors.He is referring to:

A) the lean manufacturing process pioneered by tesla.
B) the entrepreneurial spirit in tesla.
C) the safety measures followed in tesla, recorded in its user manuals.
D) the product information documented in tesla's database.

Question 69

A(n)_____ is best described as a partnership in which at least one partner takes partial ownership in the other partner.

A) acquisition
B) non-equity alliance
C) joint venture
D) equity alliance

Question 70

The partnership between Toyota and Tesla Motors, in which Toyota has made a $50 million investment in the California startup company to learn new knowledge and gain a window into new technology, is an example of a(n)_____.

A) acquisition
B) joint venture
C) non-equity alliance
D) equity alliance

Question 71

Which of the following is an advantage of equity alliances when compared to non-equity alliances?

A) They are more flexible and easy to initiate and terminate.
B) They require smaller capital investments.
C) They produce stronger ties between partners.
D) They are based on contracts rather than ownership.

Question 72

Which of the following statements is true of joint ventures?

A) They enable the exchange of both tacit and explicit knowledge.
B) They reduce the possibilities of trust and commitment.
C) They are characterized by single reporting lines.
D) They cannot entail long negotiations.

Question 73

Which alliance type is the Renault-Nissan alliance, where Nissan owns 15 percent of Renault, and Renault owns 44.4 percent in Nissan?

A) Equity alliance
B) Non-equity alliance
C) Greenfield venture
D) Joint venture

Question 74

Which of the following statements is NOT true of tacit knowledge?

A) It is concerned with knowing how to do a certain task.
B) It is knowledge that cannot be easily codified.
C) It is regularly shared between partners in a non-equity alliance.
D) It is acquired only through actively participating in the process.

Question 75

When a standalone organization is created and owned by two or more parent companies together, the strategic alliance is referred to as a(n)_____.

A) non-equity alliance
B) equity alliance
C) proprietorship
D) joint venture

Question 76

Wave Motors Inc., a Kempa-based automobile company, has entered into a partnership with Sphere Autos Inc.headquartered in United Cadvia.The parent companies, together, have established a standalone firm called Genuine Autos Inc.This arrangement best exemplifies a _____.

A) joint venture
B) partnership
C) non-equity alliance
D) proprietorship

Question 77

Which of the following is a drawback of joint ventures?

A) They produce weak ties, trust, and commitment between the partners.
B) They are based on contractual agreements rather than partial ownership.
C) They do not enable the transfer and sharing of tacit knowledge.
D) They necessitate the sharing of rewards between the partners.

Question 78

NorthStar Inc.and The Royal Group have together established The Royal Star Group of hotels.NorthStar owns 49 percent and The Royal Group has a 51 percent share in The Royal Star Group of hotels.However, the management of The Royal Star Group of hotels is separate from its parent companies.What alliance type does this scenario best illustrate?

A) Sole Proprietorship
B) Non-equity alliance
C) Equity alliance
D) Joint venture

Question 79

The downside of equity alliances is:

A) the weaker ties and reduced trust between partners.
B) the amount of investment that can be involved.
C) that the alliances cannot be abandoned if not promising.
D) that they are not useful stepping stones toward full integration of the partner firms.

Question 80

_____ are best described as equity investments by large established firms making in entrepreneurial ventures to gain access to new, and potentially disruptive, technologies.

A) Corporate venture capital investments
B) Greenfield ventures
C) Joint ventures
D) Loan sharks